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Culturally Competent Strategies

Children who are English learners need to learn both their home language and their second language. Learning these languages enhanced their language and literacy skills. The use of scientific and evidence-based practices will support the English Language Learners. The table below highlights on the developmentally appropriate instructional approaches that demonstrate cultural competence to support the English Language Learners.

Name of the Strategy	Age Group	Definition	Early Childhood Example
Facial Expressions	Infant/Toddler	The ability to use meaningful facial expressions and gestures when talking to the students. These gestures make sense of language and communication (Curenton & Iruka, 2013).	Using gestures when talking to the children to support communication.
Music	Infant/Toddler	The use of music to teach.	Playing the music while using the beats to name shapes, colors or the alphabetical order.
Relationship Building	Infant/Toddler	Establishing a good relationship with the infants, toddlers and the adults to facilitate socializing (Curenton & Iruka, 2013).	Permitting the infants and toddlers to participate in open play with other children and instructors.
Visuals	Infant/Toddler	Positing different visual pictures around.	The visuals/pictures enable the children to remember for example the kind of pets owned by people.
Reading Aloud	Infant/Toddler	Reading a story to the infants/toddlers.	Reading a story to the children to improve their listening skills
Open Communication	Preschool	Facilitating talk between the children regarding their cultural backgrounds.	Taking turns to talk about their favorite tradition thereby fostering communication.
Story Time	Preschool	Availability of storybooks from different cultures with words from other languages.	Reading words from other languages during the story time to enable them to learn new words.
Systematic instructions using vocabularies	Preschool	Exposing the children to new words to enhance comprehension of the meaning and use.	Reading aloud explanations of targeted vocabularies to support word learning.
Creating opportunities to talk to their peers and adults.	Preschool	The ELL students have the opportunity to talk to others to foster communication (Curenton & Iruka, 2013).	Grouping the ELL students with peers having strong English language skills to foster learning and communication.
Flashcards	Preschool	Presenting cards that are inscribed with pictures and names.	Present the cards to a group of students. Once it is read in English, the other children can recite the names in their languages.
Physical Health	Early Elementary	Undertaking physical activities such as jumping and running (Chen & Yang, 2017).	Allowing the children to do the physical activities that they are best at during PE. This enables them to be confident in their other skills and abilities.
A Culturally adaptable learning environment	Early Elementary	Recognizing the influence of the student’s culture on learning.	Instructors adapting to the needs of each student.
Connecting with guardians	Early Elementary	Open communication with the parents of the students.	Maintaining connection with the parents to ascertain any concerns with the student’s learning process.
Open discussions	Early Elementary	Creating opportunities for the students to speak (Chen & Yang, 2017).	Having the student speak in front of others to express themselves.
Grouping	Early Elementary	Grouping children in sets that will foster learning.	Grouping the ELL students with others who speak English to enhance their learning.
Listening to bilingual music	Infant/toddlers	Listening to music from different ethnic backgrounds.	Young children learn what they hear. Allow the children to listen to music to enable them learn different languages.
Singing and Dancing	Preschool	Singing and dancing to songs from different cultures (Chen & Yang, 2017).	Having the students sing and dance to bilingual music will enable them to learn vocabularies from other languages.
Art	Older Elementary	Having the student search an art from their chosen culture.	Exhibiting their art during the tell circle time.
Classroom Environment	Preschool	A positive learning environment that reflects the children’s cultural background.	The inclusion of posters, pictures and books in the classroom which portray languages in a respectful manner.
Culture day	Older Elementary	Allowing the children to bring pictures, foods and music from traditions of their culture.	Listen to the music, make presentations and try the new foods.