Summarize 4 chapters

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Students will be able to define:

Types of discrimination.

Affirmative action programs and their goals.

Reverse discrimination cases.

DISCRIMINATION

Types of Discrimination:

Overt.

Covert.

Individual.

Institutional.

Intentional.

Unintentional.

AFFIRMATIVE ACTION

Also known as positive action programs.

These are intervention measures.

They interfere with free market measures.

Actively act to correct past injustices.

Intended as temporary actions to be withdrawn.

THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES

Neo Classicists believe that in free markets it is too costly to be discriminatory for a corporation.

Equal opportunitist schools believe that we cannot get rid of discriminatory policies without intervention.

Anti-discrimination laws are negative in that they prohibit discrimination at work, that they punish.

Affirmative action policies are considered positive in that they provide advantages to groups that have not had opportunities.

AFFIRMATIVE ACTION

They right past wrongs.

Achieve social goals.

Brought into effect in the USA in 1967.

Preferential treatment for women and minorities even if they have lower test scores or skills.

AFFIRMATIVE ACTION PROGRAMS

  • Positives:
  • Righting past wrongs.
  • Distributive Justice (Rawls) social goods and wealth can be redistributed equally.
  • Social Utility in that everyone in society has something to contribute.

AFFIRMATIVE ACTION

Negatives:

Reverse discrimination is just another form of discrimination.

Preferential treatment programs interferes with the free market forces.

Preferential treatment has resulted in incompetent people getting jobs.