week 4 system engineering theory ( need fast )

In this project we are going to discuss about Graphene battery technology and an introduction to the Graphene material, the problem with the existing batteries and their resolution. It also explains about system engineering process involved in development of Graphene battery technology, how system engineering impacts the new battery manufacturing process and this project clearly explain about change added to the new system. The notes and guidance are important features explained about Graphene and it can be used to research and product development in different categories

In the atmosphere the measure of carbon is keep on increasing due to burning the fuel in vehicle, coal burning for electricity and so on, the basic way to measure the carbon is carbon footprints in atmosphere (Timeforchange, 2008)

Graphene is a sheet of atoms made up of carbon which are combined to form a hexagonal structure. It is called as “wonder material” due to its excellent characteristics. It is a very good conductor of electrical and thermal energy, extremely lightweight, chemically inert and flexible with a large surface area. Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov were awarded the nobel prize in physics for their groundbreaking experiments regarding the two dimensional material of Graphene (Nai-Chang, 2017).

The Graphene provides the next generation rechargeable battery in market it can be used in any mobile device like smartphones, laptops, electric cars, airplanes and even e-cigarettes

What is the research problem?

The identified problem the existing battery are less in efficiency, bust any time, less life time, slow in charging, over heating issue, battery bulging issue, less recharge cycles, toxic materials

What is the proposed solution?

The proposed solution in Graphene will give the long life battery with more efficient, reliable, durability, sustainability, fast charging, more recharge cycles, no busting or bulging issue and less in toxic

What is the process you used to solve the problem?

Produce the pure Graphene material and coat the anode and cathode with Graphene. Graphene battery manufacturing is two different type of process Vanadium oxide with Graphene and lithium phosphorous with Graphene for better batteries

The gasoline cars creates huge amount of carbon foot print in the environment. To avoid these problem electric vehicles were introduced with the lithium ion batteries. But there are still some limitations in using lithium ion batteries which are described below:

According to flashchargebatteries (n.d.) study found the following:

· Over heating: produce over heat while recharging the battery, if the battery is charged with high voltage or more than the mentioned period of time then the battery will be bulged and overheated

· Short lifetime: the batteries expires in less than thousand recharges, due to the corrosion it decrease the efficiency of the battery and less cycle of recharging

· Flammable: the batteries are flammable and are dangerous to human, in case of any accident the battery may be exploded and cause dangerous incidents

· Toxic: requires special attention to disposal of the batteries because of the chemicals used, the zinc, aluminum, lithium, cobalt, phosphorous, nickel, and other alkaline chemical are more harmful to human

· Less performance in extreme temperature: The batteries performance is low in temperatures below 0°C (30°F) and higher than 50°C (122°F) , the battery don’t have stability to withstand in lower temperature

· Expensive casing: To avoid the leakage of chemicals expensive casing is needed, to outer part is very important to hold everything inside the battery to be safer

· Expensive to transport: additional care for transportation to avoid explosions

In order to overcome the limitations of Lithium Ion batteries, Graphene batteries were introduced. Graphene batteries provide solution for above discussed problem in lithium ion batteries. Below solutions over the traditional batteries:

· No Overheating problem while charging/discharging of battery van be resolved the Graphene, hence the material given additional protection to the anode and cathode materials,

· Longer Lifetime: the battery can be recharged for more than two thousand cycles, basically the material in old battery technologies that materials are got corrosion and shorter life span, the Graphene battery is a excellent materials that can withstand for long period of time, so the Graphene battery go more than two thousand cycles of recharging

· Non Flammable: the batteries are not flammable, the Graphene is strongest material than steel and more flexible, so any case of injury to battery can to working without any issue

· Graphene is non Toxic, hence the Graphene is natural carbon material it created from the silicon, even it can be easily decomposed and can be no harmful for ht living things in the ecosystem

· Performance is good even at 60°C, the Graphene can be withstand for higher temperature and safe considered to old lithium ion batteries

In addition Graphene batteries offers a longer operation time - double than what can be achieved with previous batteries and making it safer for electric cars, mobile phones, laptops and notable areas, this will reduce the carbon footprint of current vehicles and It is also considered eco-friendly and sustainable (DesigningBuildings, 2018)

The battery with the graphne-lithium-oxidewill resolve all the issues with the existing batteries, the Graphene ball is the material provide an protective layer for both anode and cathode in lithium batteries which make the fast electrode conductivity during battery usage

System type:

The existing lithium ion battery contain two electrodes, anode (+) positive is typically lithium ion base metal oxide and cathode (-) negative is porous carbon, when the battery is used ion moves from anode to cathode and when charging ion moves from cathode to anode. The Graphene battery is same like traditional batteries but instead of porous cathode Graphene carbon is used

Development of the system:

Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is a chemical vapor deposition process used to deposit thin films from a gas state (vapor) to a solid state on a substrate. The copper layer is used as base layer and spread up multilayered grahene and then mixed with methane CH4 in room temperature, in minimum amount of time will get high quality Graphene with honeycomb structures (PECVD, n.d.)

The new battery with Vanadium Oxide (VO2) with Graphene and create a hybrid material. In this case, VO2 offers high energy capacity but poor electrical conductivity in normal situations, to make the Vanadium Oxide as a good electric conductivity the Graphene is used, Graphene can be solved by using Graphene as a sort of a structural “backbone” on which to attach VO2 - creating a hybrid material that has both heightened capacity and excellent conductivity. Li-ion cathodes and hybrid material as anode to quick charge, slow discharge and large charge cycle durability. (Graphene-Info, 2018)

LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) batteries are a kind of rechargeable Li-ion battery. It has a lower energy density than other Li-ion batteries but a higher power density (an indicator of the rate at which energy can be supplied by the battery). Enhancing LFP cathodes with Graphene allowed the batteries to be lightweight, charge much faster than Li-ion batteries and have a greater capacity than conventional LFP batteries (Lung-Hao, 2013)

Engineering discipline:

The Chemical engineering and Electrochemistry is the major disciplines used for manufacturing of batteries. It is the study of flowing electrolyte towards the anode and cathode material. This technology discipline can also be called as electrochemical engineering. The electro deposition is the process if surface modification and electro chemical is the process of separation and corrosion (Chemicool, 2019). In rechargeable batteries the electric energy is converted to chemical energy and stored and then chemical energy is converted to electric energy. It is the art of identifying the better material and analysis of new types of batteries with more energy densities, less in weight, safety, highly reliable and cheap batteries. The Graphene material is separated from graphite as mono layer with the help of material science. Thermodynamics in energy storage is a major challenge and will require new innovations in battery materials, chemistries and architectures and each battery is designed with the different size based on the usage of the battery, like batteries in cell phone, electric vehicle, (ScienceDaily, 2012)

The systems engineering and analysis process helps in the battery manufacturing process in an efficient manner. The system design phase is very useful in analysis of all the feasibility like material analysis, manufacturing analysis, cost prediction, risk factors, human factor, Assembly, support and maintenance, disposal. The use of the system engineering process avoids the rework of development, unexpected risk involved in usability, less maintenance and easy of disposal / recycling. The system engineering provides the overall action to be taken in each system life cycle phases and deeply discuss about the action and risk, so the battery manufacturing is made easy with the system engineering.

Life-cycle analysis (LCA) is a useful technique to compare alternative technological options; it involves taking a system-wide perspective of a product or service, by considering all stages of its life cycle including material production, system manufacture and assembly, service provision, maintenance and repair, and end-of-life processes (Gaines, Sullivan, Burnham, & Belharouak, 2010)

Identifying the material used in anode, cathode and battery mass. The composition is percentage of chemical used in the Graphene batteries. For NCA- lithium ion battery chemical compositions are Lithium, Nickel, Cobalt, Aluminum, oxygen and graphite. LFP-graphite batteries have Lithium, Iron, Phosphorous, oxygen, graphite. LMO batteries are Lithium, manganese, oxygen, graphite (Gaines, Sullivan, Burnham, & Belharouak, 2010)

Lithium production: Lithium is extracted from spodumene and brine-lake. The brine are taken from lake to solar evaporation pond to evaporate and then pumped to another pond until the sodium chloride crystallizes and precipitate repeat process for 4 to 5 pond. Adding with slat lime in to new pond and precipitate as sodium, calcium, magnesium. Finally with 0.5% of lithium extracted. Another way of extraction lithium from minerals lithium aluminum inosilicate- LiAl(Sio3)2. The mine mineral spodumene must treatment with 1000°C to get transformation from alpha to beta form with the sulfuric acid lithium extracted from lithium salt (Gaines, Sullivan, Burnham, & Belharouak, 2010)

Cathode production: The cathode material is made with thermal high heat 600°C -800°C lithium carbonate and the transition metal. It established required form and reaches the highest amount of possible crystallization. Fossil fuel used like an anaerobic bacteria to decompose material and extract final material Lithium ion (Li-on) used as positive electrodes (Gaines, Sullivan, Burnham, & Belharouak, 2010)

Below are some methods of manufacturing the pure Graphene material:

1. Using multin salt, passing the hydrogen cattiness dissolved in multin lithium chloride internally produce the graphite layer which consist of multiple thin layers of Graphene

2. Silicon trimenium hydrogen create the trimenium oxide and vapor with hydrogen and chemical layer deposition dried to Graphene high quality

3. Dry process with invisible liquid heptane and water, the solvents are evaporated in the drying process and thin transparent layer of Graphene created

4. Electro chemical synthesis continue bathing graphite process until the solution up to the transparency material in led and photo active device

5. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process is passing the gas on top of the solid material like graphite or silicon. The solid materials are placed upon the copper with room temperature and the Graphene grow and deposited as a layer with the thin layer

6. Hydro thermal self assembly process using glucose or sugar synthesis to deposit under the process, it can controlled and formed the thickness of the Graphene layers and separated with additional process

7. Silicon carbide in 1100 degree Celsius and with pressure it produce the Graphene and it purity of Graphene is depends on the size of the waiver

8. Epitaxial Graphene growth on silicon carbide by thermal decomposition method. In the process graphne grown on silicon surfaces carbon NANO-tube with growing marc porous hoisting

Graphene ball: Graphene ball is developed in the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), the formation of silicon and methane gas in 1000°C heated, the split the chemical structure in to Graphene carbon, this silicon nanparticles is surrounded with Graphene this will look popcorn like 3Dimensional structure. Korean based company Samsung also revealed that the new generation batteries are manufactured by Graphene ball and patented

SiO2+CH4→SiOx+OH−+3H++carbon (Graphene)

Anode production: The anode is made up of natural carbon like graphite, mesocarbon, hard and soft ocrbon. The Graphene carbon materials required 2700°C for full graphitization. To bring the cell in working condition required more energy, fossil fuels using anaerobic bacteria, and made with the thin coating and added carbonaceous anodes to protect the process of becoming progressively worse (Gaines, Sullivan, Burnham, & Belharouak, 2010)

Cost prediction

The manufacturing cost is predicted at the manufacturing of the product. The prediction of each battery is depends on the number of factors. The below are some of the factors used to calculate the cost of the battery. Raw material cost, manufacturing equipment cost, equipment maintenance cost, equipment repair spare cost, electricity cost, factory management, labor cost, quality checking wages, factory utilities cost, value of factory equipment deprecated cost, tax and insurance. All the components have impact in each battery maximum retail price (Steven, 2018)

The risk factor provides instruction to be safety first in all the conditions. The battery manufacturing may have the some of the risk involved in each process. Proper analysis of the risk will allow making the efficient manufacturing of the battery (Kayla, 2017)

· Distribution disruptions: The supplier of raw material may be disrupted due to better profit with different vendor. So, take an agreement to certain period of time to make constant supply of material

· Federal rules and regulation or policy: the production of manufacturing the product must follow the state law and country law with legal advisor, this law must be analyzed and approved by the government, every law is very important, also the company has to fix some law that enhance the state government law also the solution like pollution control board approval, self power establishment and waste water garbage treatment

· Labor concern: if any shortage of labor immediately needs to deploy the contract labor to continue the production process without interrupt, if contract people not available outsourcing the sub component manufacturing may help to fix the labour issue

· Competition: choosing the product to manufacture based on the demand and completes the existing manufacture with good quality of product and comfort of use to attract the customer

· Commodity of raw material: it directly cause the product cost the finally afford by the customer. The manufacturing cost is defined at the state of design cost itself, in case of cost increase in raw material then the same cost may impact in the retails price

· Economic condition: the economy condition is also a key component of deciding the cost of the product, the need can be change in future and the advanced technology can be overtaken the Graphene manufacturing

· Environmental friendly: battery manufacturing must satisfy the basic industrial ecology and less in impact and disposal or recycle, it must be analyzed and categorized in the design phase and marked in the Graphene battery itself

· Threats of international operational: the relation between the countries can make some global impact, provide the raw material in case of country decided to stop exporting the immediate replace of raw material provide must be kept as backup

· Cyber risk: The security threats made by intruders to stole the important information from smart device like computer manufacturing device or organizational information, vulnerabilities can be anything like fake transaction, taking money from bank account and create slowness in all system. Displaying bogus information to customers and so on

· Currency risk: if the raw materials supply in different country the currency conversion rate keeps on change. It may be risk when rate goes high. There must be predictions in making changes to the system, analyzing of stock market information and facing the currency conversion, fixed transaction currency rate must be defined if possible to avoid this issue

The human factor play major role in satisfying the need of human being. The battery contain chemical in the pack which may be hazardous to the human being. Need to mention in the battery that it is poisonous keep away from children, incase in consumed take immediately to the doctor. The size of the battery depends on the devices. So, the design of battery must be user friendly to handle the battery in replacement (RobsonForensic, n.d.)

The human or ergonomics factors are the product relation with the human and psychological effect that happens to the environment, and services provided to the product. Usually to check the human factors the person is hired. The person has to perform all the activities with the product. Some of the factor considerations are given below

· The battery must have instruction that can read easily and common language written on the battery. Some of the instructions are materials used in manufacturing the battery, the positive sign and the negative direction that used to fix in the devices require.

· Handling size in important, need to check that human factor 95% max for men and 5% min for women, based on the ergonomics factors like length of fingers and hand. It must provide the information of devices it can be fixed

· Finishing of the battery like the outer part of battery must be shine finish which don’t harm the human fingers, this make the human to justify the need of battery for which device it can be fixed

· The color of battery like the danger symbol in red and very important instruction must be written in red and overall color of the battery must be pleasant and the color should not disturb the eyes of human factor

· Risk factors must be mentioned in the bold characters, if the swallow of the children or by any person then immediate action or first aid actions steps to be mentioned in the battery, this make the battery good will and precautions

The Assembly process is done in the manufacturing process or development process, it is main part utilizing the design concept. Below are few steps involved in assembling process

· Creation of thin raw materials to assemble battery first material is Graphene, lithium cobalt nickel manganese oxide, poly propane material coating also for coating Graphene used, the electrolytes parsing material.

· Creation of positive electrodes: Lithium carbonate/ Lithium Ion Phosphate (LFP) cathode paste and binder powder with the chemical building block acetylene mixed well and coated with aluminum foil with 20μm thick and dried about 25-40% then calendaring to reel

· Creation of negative electrodes: created paste with hybrid of Vanadium Oxide (VO2), acetylene, binder and mixed well and coated with Graphene ball and copper foil with 20μm thick and dried about 25-40% then calendaring to reel

· The main core is winded with positive electrodes, separator and negative electrodes. Same inserted into case and welded it. This is very important process of combining all the materials and sealing with the metalizing technique to hold all the components. The winding is the process of 26 times rolled laminated with the cooling system

· Added electrolyte with minimum charge and sealed. The top cam is welded and four times tested discharging and charging by cycler to ensure the condition and after QA shipped to dealers

· The normal human cannot assemble the perfect battery. The artificial intelligence is used to assemble the battery. The battery is tested with four to five time and send across the location, each refurbish battery , failure in working condition all brought to the factory and reworked and sold again

The Graphene-lithium-oxide battery requires less maintenance and service. For an electric vehicle, battery maintenance is the major activity which includes checking of cooling system, replacement of damaged battery. Usually maintenance must be done within the time period without fail. Each time with the scheduled maintenance the load test must be done and the durability of the battery is analyzed and tested with full charge that full discharge functional testing. Hence the car batteries can be charged in 20 minutes this would the appropriate solution to further testing of batteries

In case of an emergency of vehicle stuck through the half way in the road, then the maintenance person must attend the root cause analysis of any battery failure and fixing the issue within the time.

The Maintenance operator calculate the Mean time between failure (MTBF) to get average failure occurred in certain duration, the statistics of collecting the data of failure, service, maintenance, will provide the enough satisfactory of the Graphene battery

According to TrojanBattery (n.d.) study found the following:

· Determine the voltage used in the battery, the input and output system of the battery must be analyzed and if any voltage drop or high voltage then it has to rectified

· Proper airflow to reduce the temperature: make sure ther is an enough airflow between the subcomponent of the battery to avoid unnecessary shortage and heat transparent

· At the time of service providing analyze the size of the battery in which place and usage. Better way to consider the human factor based on the usability

· Check replacing battery provide the same output that the existing battery was given, this may avoid the failure of the other subsystems (resistance, capacitors Integrated circuit and so on) that depend on the battery

· Terminals and all wires are in working conditions, there is chance of wire got punctured and connection loss, this any cause short circuit and fails in damage of battery

Battery inception guidelines:

· Check the appearance of the battery and examined like carks in the outer layer, proper connection or unusual connections, leakage of any acid or chemical particles, if more dirty clean with the proper equipments, repair or replace the damaged battery

· If batteries are turned out or damaged then the battery must be discharged. Replace with new batteries

· Check all connection to the battery for charging and discharging unit with their working functionality, if cable are week then replace the cable and tighten the connections

· Cooling system fluid level check and refill if required and check for any cooling fluid leakage over battery pack

Testing Of batteries:

· Gravity test: Using the hydrometer check the electrolyte present in the each cells of the battery to ensure all the cell are in working conditions, check all the voltage level (6v, 8v, 12v 24v, 36v, 48v) and make it fully charges and do the specific gravity reading again

· Open circuit voltage test: Discharge the battery fully to zero and use the DC voltmeter (6v, 8v, 12v 24v, 36v, 48v) to analyze each cell and charger the battery fully and check it compare the reading and replace the damaged cells

The disposal of battery is very important to keep the environment safe and clean. To achieve this result, the battery must designed for recycle with the grade mentioned in the battery to make easy of recycle and the battery consist of chemicals so special attention for battery recycling, before doing recycling ensure all the batteries are discharged with steps and precaution (Gaines, Sullivan, Burnham, & Belharouak, 2010)

Umicore process:

Umicore process is proven recycling process to recover the cathode materials. In this process all kind of Graphene batteries are recycled. For example, vehicle batteries, mobile batteries, laptop batteries, power banks, and so on. Collection of all type of Graphene batteries are smelted in high temperature and then granulated and filtered removed the slag used for construction material and separated the alloy material carried out refining process and remove the chemical materials (Gaines, Sullivan, Burnham, & Belharouak, 2010)

Toxco process:

Toxco process is a proven proved for recycling the Graphene batteries. It first submerged into liquid nitrogen to decrease the relativity of Graphene or lithium material. The Graphene battery is comminuted with the high PH ration lithium oxide solution and then mild sulfuric acid to dposition and retive the lithium or Graphene material. All the batteries are shredded, hammered separated the nontoxic plastics and metal. Again filtered using carbon filter and evaporated mixed with soda ash and filtered to get the lithium oxide (Gaines, Sullivan, Burnham, & Belharouak, 2010)

Toxco process

Eco Bat Process:

The electrolytes are removed from the batteries by adding supercritical carbon dioxide, the concept of using CO2 is to make good combustion waste and rest of the materials are made in to small pieces, the next step is to separate the material by solubility and base on the surface properties. The active materials are identified and segregated by separation process, the refine materials got from the process is now treated with the advanced technique and the sediment materials are considered for the manufacturing of Alloy material it may contain almost 80% of recycled material. The Graphene, cobolt, phosphate materials are filtered from the treatment process and these materials are reconsidered for the batteries manufacturing process again. Best way to get the recycle the batteries is Eco Bat Process. High quality final products using Eco Bat Process (Gaines, Sullivan, Burnham, & Belharouak, 2010)

Using the Umicore process, Toxco process and Eco Bat Process are solution for recycling process. the battery can be taken recycle process. The disposal is big trouble in future. This Graphene material is made up of only carbon, so it can be decompose easily by the feature of carbon

The main system change is using the Graphene material and removing the lithium material in the anode part of the battery. The battery is very important in day to day life. Each and every moving devices or mobile devices required battery to operate. In that case the battery required to be more safer, reliable, weight less, portable, quickly chargeable, long time withstand, long life of the battery, more number of cycles rechargeable, avoid heating when charging the battery with different kind of input voltage. The new Graphene can solve all the existing issue with the Lithium Ion batteries. There are number of materials can be replace the lithium materials and give below

· Anode: Anode can be made up of Cadium, Aluminum, Iron, Zinc, lanthanide, led metal, or graphite we are considering the Graphene material

· Cathode: cathode can be made up of Nickel hydroxide, mercury oxide, manganese oxide, lead dioxide or lithium dioxide.

· Electrolytes: some kind of batteries are using the electrolytes like potassium hydroxide and the combination with different kind of materials

Graphene Battery manufacturing process:

Step 1:

Create thin sheet for anode with the Graphene material and create the cathode material with lithium cobalt magnesium oxide both the sheets must be 1mm thickness with properly checked

Step2:

The sheets are very thin so it can be tear out easily so to protect it use the propylene film for both anode and cathode material

Step 3:

Use spooling machine rotate within 26 revolution the anode material and cathode material with the separator and seal with it proper packing

Step 4:

Heat the coil in196 degrees Celsius and check the battery with the volt meter, and check the process of thickness checking of the battery

Step 5:

Metalizing of the contacts with both materials anode and cathode material, it is the process creating the coating of the battery to safe the anode and cathode particles. Thus the process is very important process

Step 6:

Fabrication facility is important process of adding the metallic current collector, it is value adding process of battery with the materials and making it better safe and more reliable in future

Step 7:

At final process test the charging and recharging process for multiple times to ensure the capability of the battery. The battery now consists of Graphene anode, metallic oxide cathode, dry polymer electrolyte, and metallic current collector. The Graphene material are identified and manufactured with the possible methods

According to Vidhu (2018) study found the following:

· Increase capacity: battery makes 45% more capacity (Samsung, 2017), this translates into more Li storage per unit mass and longer run times between cell recharging.

· Fast charging: excellent technology that increase electrode density, 5X fast charging (Samsung, 2017)

· Durability: Increase number of cycle recharge and the electrode density hold the change for longer time duration so the life span of the battery is improved

· Sustainability: this Graphene battery can survive in highest temperature more than 60°C and lowest temperature lesser than 5°C, so it may avoid the battery bust in accident

· Affordability: the Graphene battery involves less cost

· Real battery breakthrough technology: Graphene-lithium-ion hybrid chemistries incorporated into the cathodes of lithium-sulfur cells. 

· Safety: Larger particles are thermally stable and the exceptional thermal conductivity of Graphene reduces any local temperature gradients preventing thermal run away in high energy cells.

· Performance: Graphene to the battery’s anode and capitalizing on the material’s conductivity and large surface area traits to achieve morphological optimization and performance.

The Graphene is a wonder material in the earth. The few feature that can done in the future with use of Graphene with their characteristics are follows

1. Graphene is very thin material so that the creation of transparent materials is very easy like transparent mobile. This feature provide the new concept of transparent mobile manufacturing as base idea

2. Graphen is flexible material, so there is chance of manufacturing foldable mobile phones. This feature may provide solution for number of devices have breakable products

3. Graphene is strongest compared to steel it is 100 times more strong. 10 times stronger than the diamond, so Graphene can be used for bullet proof materials in future. Aero space spare parts with high intensity

4. The Graphene is having honeycomb structure, basically the carbon atoms bonded with other carbon molecules, so the filter can be done to spate the salt from the sea water and drinking water in an easy process

5. Graphene is good electricity conductor, so the Graphene in solar cell can be created with more efficiency, the solar panel can be charge with less amount of solar cells for whole house

6. Used instead of copper, Graphene is good conductor than copper, it may be satisfy the demand of copper in all around the world, this feature provide the good conductivity than copper to make fastest power with less leakage in power. The end device may receive the same defined output without loss of electric energy

Guidance for the Graphene manufacturing:

Manufacturing of pure Graphene is challenge still around the world the proven method is plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method (PECVD). The process is already explained in the project. In room temperature on the copper surface spread the graphite or silicon material and blow the methane CH4 over it, now allow Graphene to grow for certain duration and this vapor process is proven in many places

Guidance for Graphene manufacturing process:

Method1: Consider the Graphene material as anode material and use some of the cathode material that can be used as a combination of oxide like lithium, sodium, vanadium, manganese, cobalt with oxidation, create sheet using materials combine the materials with the separator, role it, seal it, pass the electrolytes and test it

Method 2: Use the Graphene coating in anode and cathode material, this make the good conductor of the electrolyte to move from cathode to anode at the time battery normal usage and anode to cathode when charging the battery, create sheet using materials combine the materials with the separator, role it, seal it, pass the electrolytes and test it

Method 3: creation of solid Graphene batteries, using the Graphene material as a solid particle. The combination can be glass materials or ceramic materials and this is not yet proven method but it is research stage, create sheet using materials combine the materials with the separator, role it, seal it, pass the electrolytes and test it

Graphene batteries has more advantages compared to lithium ion batteries which are not eco friendly and pose a greater threat to the environment the Graphene battery is 45% more capacity, 5X fast charge with 12 minutes even for electric vehicle, survey in max temperature and avoid bust accidents, more life span, more number of recharge cycle and Graphene is an eco friendly.

The system engineering process is carried in each step of manufacturing, usability and disposability processes. The system lifecycle is explained in details like the requirement gathering, analysis, design, human factor consideration, risk factors, manufacturing of every raw materials, assemble process with steps testing process, and disposal process. The disposal can be done in three processes like Umicore process, Toxco Process or Eco Bat Process

Manufacture the Graphene ball using the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Coat the anode positive part of the battery and cathode negative part of the battery with Graphene ball. After assembly test the battery minimum four times, in the disposal stage discharge the batteries and follow the disposal process to recover the lithium material. The lithium material can be taken for the recycle process of battery manufacturing with the solar evaporation pond with sulfuric acid after purified it can be used in the batteries manufacturing again. Following the system engineering process makes the Graphene manufacturing easy, less investment, less maintenance and less time duration for manufacturing

There are still research is going on to get the pure Graphene in easiest way. The Graphene is not used in battery technology. The Graphene can implemented in future as follows

1. Graphene is very thin material so that the creation of transparent materials is very easy like transparent mobile. This feature provide the new concept of transparent mobile manufacturing as base idea

2. Graphen is flexible material, so there is chance of manufacturing foldable mobile phones. This feature may provide solution for number of devices have breakable products

3. Graphene is strongest compared to steel it is 100 times more strong. 10 times stronger than the diamond, so Graphene can be used for bullet proof materials in future. Aero space spare parts with high intensity

4. The Graphene is having honeycomb structure, basically the carbon atoms bonded with other carbon molecules, so the filter can be done to spate the salt from the sea water and drinking water in an easy process

5. Graphene is good electricity conductor, so the Graphene in solar cell can be created with more efficiency, the solar panel can be charge with less amount of solar cells for whole house

6. Used instead of copper, Graphene is good conductor than copper, it may be satisfy the demand of copper in all around the world

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