two discussions answers needed

HLTH 507

November 12, 2017

· Background

· HIV

· Human Immunodeficiency Virus, also known as HIV, is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system.

· Up until the 1980’s, the amount of individuals infected with HIV/AIDS was unknown.

· Human Immunodeficiency Virus is currently a pandemic.

· Since the 1980’s, Human Immunodeficiency Virus has been most prominent in the Caribbean, North America, and Central Africa.

· HIV is spread through blood contact, genital fluids, semen, or breast milk.

· Though the HIV infection is a disease that can be lived with, it is debilitating and hindering to daily activity.

· Chlamydia Trachomatis

· Chlamydia trachomatis was first discovered in 1907 in Berlin.

· Chlamydia Trachomatis is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection.

· The best way of knowing if the infection has been transmitted is to have periodic STD screenings.

· It is most prevalent in sexually active individuals that do not use protection, such as condoms.

· The practice of abstinence is a certain way of not contracting the infection.

· Herpes simplex virus

· Prior to the 1960’s, Herpes infections were not widely treated, but during this decade, more antiviral drugs were invented.

· There are two different types of Herpes simplex virus.

· Herpes simplex virus type 1: the majority of oral herpes (cold sores)

· Herpes simplex virus type 2: the majority of genital herpes

· ~1 in 6 people in the United States ranging in ages 14-49 have HSV-2.

· More than 50% of Americans have oral herpes.

· Gonorrhea

· Gonorrhea has been around since medieval times.

· Very common among people ranging from 15-24 years of age.

· Causes infections in genitals, rectum, and throat.

· Transmitted vaginally, anally, or orally.

· Individual may experience burning while urinating, discharge, anal itching, and soreness.

· College Students Vs. STDs

· HIV

· In 2007, the new HIV cases recorded were in people younger than 24.

· According to the CDC and the American College Health Association, approximately 1 out of 500 college students have HIV.

· Peer pressure, lack of maturity, alcohol, and drug use may lead to unprotected sex among college students.

· Sexual curiosity and multiple partners also lead to unprotected sex.

· Chlamydia trachomatis

· Most student health care centers found on campuses do not have routine chlamydia screenings.

· Only half of sexually active college students use protection, such as condoms.

· In October 2016, the CDC announced that the cases of Chlamydia trachomatis had grown to 1.5 million.

· The birth control pill does not prevent the spread and contraction of STDs.

· Herpes simplex virus

· 1 in 5 college students have genital herpes.

· In 2011, a study showed that HSV1 was found in 78% of female and 85% of male college students.

· Many college students believe that STDs cannot be transmitted orally.

· HSV1 and HSV2 can be transmitted from skin-to-skin contact, not just genital contact.

· STD screenings, lab work, or blood work can determine if an individual has HSV1 and HSV2.

· Gonorrhea

· In the United States, Gonorrhea cases have gone up 13% from 2014 and 2015.

· The majority of cases were found in individuals ranging in ages between 15 and 24. Most college students in the US are between 18-25 years old.

· If untreated, it can cause Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and infertility in women.

· If left untreated, it can cause pain and sterility in men.

· Gonorrhea can be cured with antibiotics if treated as soon as being diagnosed.

· Biblical Applications

· Galatians 5:19: The acts of the flesh are obvious: sexual immorality, impurity and debauchery.

· Male penetration is not the only way STDs can be spread or contracted. Any sexual act, such as oral relations, can lead to STDs.

· Genesis 2:24: That is why a man leaves his father and mother and is united to his wife, and they become one flesh.

· The definite way for a college student to avoid spreading/contracting STDs is to practice abstinence and wait until marriage.

· Hebrews 13:4: Marriage should be honored by all, and the marriage bed kept pure, for God will judge the adulterer and all the sexual immoral.

· In God’s eyes, it is immoral to have premarital sexual relations of any kind. Only within a marriage is it acceptable to have sexual relations through the flesh.

· 1 Corinthians 6:18: Flee from sexual immorality. All other sins a person commits are outside the body, but whoever sins sexually, sins against their own body.

· It is important for a Christian individual to respect his/her body, even when presented with temptation. Our bodies are considered a temple of respect, and therefore must be treated as such.

· 1 Thessalonians 4:3-5: It is God’s will that you should be sanctified; that you should avoid sexual immorality; that each of you should learn to control your own body in a way that is holy and honorable; not in passionate lust like the pagans, who do not know God.

· Despite the temptation at a young age, turn to God for the strength in avoiding premarital sex. Self-control comes when one knows God.

References:

1. Althaus, Christian L., et al. “Transmission of Chlamydia Trachomatis through Sexual Partnerships: a Comparison between Three Individual-Based Models and Empirical Data.” Journal of The Royal Society Interface, The Royal Society, 7 Jan. 2012, rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/9/66/136

2. Figure 2f from: Irimia R, Gottschling M (2016) Taxonomic revision of Rochefortia Sw. (Ehretiaceae, Boraginales). Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e7720. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e7720. doi:10.3897/bdj.4.e7720.figure2f

3. Nakajima H, Shoji H. Herpes Simplex Myelitis: Differences in Clinical Manifestations Between Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Type 2. Pathogenesis of Encephalitis. September 2011. doi:10.5772/21480.

4. Joffe GP. > Multiple Partners and Partner Choice as Risk Factors for Sexually Transmitted Disease Among Female College Students. QianRen·Energy. 2014;01(01):4-5. doi:10.12677/qre.2014.11003

5. Bible Verses by Topic. DailyVerses.net. https://dailyverses.net/topics. Accessed November 12, 2017.