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Law Enforcement Today

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

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1. List the four basic responsibilities of the police.

2. Identify the differences between the police academy and field training as learning tools for recruits.

3. Describe the challenges facing women who choose law enforcement as a career.

4. Indicate some of the most important law enforcement agencies under the control of the Department of Homeland Security.

5. Analyze the importance of private security today.

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LO 1

List the four basic responsibilities of the police.

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Responsibilities of the Police

Enforce laws Provide services

Prevent crime Preserve the peace

LO 1

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Intelligence-Led Policing

• Measures the risk of criminal behavior associated with certain individuals or locations • Allows predicting when and where criminal

behavior is most likely to occur in the future

• Relies on previous crime patterns

• Known as predictive policing

• Requires deploying small forces in areas where the most crime occurs

LO 1

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Challenges of Counterterrorism

• Scarce resources to prevent and fight terrorism

• Major domestic terrorist attacks despite several assessments of terrorist suspects

LO 1

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LO 2

Identify the differences between the police academy and field training as learning tools for recruits.

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Requirements for Becoming an Officer

Be a United States citizen

Never convicted of a felony

Have or be eligible to have a driver’s license

Be at least twenty-one years of age

Meet weight and eyesight requirements

LO 2

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Background Checks and Tests

• Drug tests

• Review of applicants' educational, military, and driving records

• Credit checks

• Interviews with spouses, acquaintances, and previous employers

• Background search to determine any previous convictions for criminal activity

LO 2

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Training

• Probationary period: Time at the beginning of a police officer’s career during which he or she may be fired without cause • Recruits are taught the basics of police work and

are under constant supervision by superiors

• Field training: Officer is placed on the beat under the supervision of a senior officer • To apply concepts learned at the academy

LO 2

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LO 3

Describe the challenges facing women who choose law enforcement as a career.

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Challenges Faced by Women in the Police Force

• Prejudice against female officers denies them the opportunity to prove themselves

• Tokenism is a belief that one has been hired only to satisfy diversity requirements

• Sexual harassment: Repeated pattern of unwelcome sexual advances and/or obscene remarks

LO 3

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Challenges Faced by Minorities in the Police Force

• Double marginality: Double suspicion that minority officers face from their white colleagues and their community • White officers believe that minority officers give

better treatment to members of their own race

• Minority officers face hostility from their own community

LO 3

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LO 4

Indicate some of the most important law enforcement agencies under the control of the Department of Homeland Security.

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Law Enforcement Agencies

• Municipal law enforcement agencies • Apprehend criminal suspects, maintain order,

and provide services to the community

• Sheriffs and county law enforcement • Sheriff: Primary law enforcement officer in a

county elected by popular vote

• Coroner: Medical examiner of a county elected by popular vote

• State police and highway patrols

LO 4

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Federal Law Enforcement Agencies: Department of Homeland Security (Slide 1 of 2)

• United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP) • Federal agency responsible for protecting U.S.

borders and facilitating legal trade and travel across borders

• United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) • Enforces the nation’s immigration and customs

laws

LO 4

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Federal Law Enforcement Agencies: Department of Homeland Security (Slide 2 of 2)

• United States Secret Service • Protects the president, the president’s family,

the vice president, and other important political figures

LO 4

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Federal Law Enforcement Agencies: Department of Justice

• Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) • Responsible for investigating violations of

federal law

• Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) • Enforces laws and regulations regarding

narcotics and other controlled substances

• Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF)

• United States Marshals Service

LO 4

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Federal Law Enforcement Agencies: Department of the Treasury

• Internal Revenue Service (IRS) • Investigates violations of tax laws and

regulations

➖Criminal investigation division investigates cases of tax evasion, tax fraud, prosecuting identity theft, and public corruption

LO 4

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LO 5

Analyze the importance of private security today.

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Private Security

• Services provided by private corporations or individuals rather than police officers • Guards and patrol services

• Intends to deter crime rather than stop it

• Each state has its own rules for private security employment

LO 5

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Factors Driving the Growth of Private Security

• Workplace crime

• Budget cuts in states and municipalities that have forced reductions in the number of public police • Raised the demand for private ones

• Increased awareness of private security products

LO 5

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KEY TERMS

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• Intelligence-led policing (ILP)

• Militarism • Recruitment • Probationary period • Field training • Sexual harassment • Double marginality • Sheriff

• Coroner • United States Customs

and Border Protection (CBP)

• United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)

• Human trafficking

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KEY TERMS

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• United States Secret Service

• Infrastructure • Federal Bureau of

Investigation (FBI) • Drug Enforcement

Administration (DEA) • Private security • Secondary policing

25Copy r i gh t ©201 6 Cenga g e Lear ni n g . A l l Ri ghts Res er v ed . M ay not be s c anne d , c opi ed or dupl i c at e d , or pos te d to a publ i c l y ac c e s s i bl e webs i te , i n whol e or i n par t. HIST4 | CH6 25CJ5 | CH4 25

SUMMARY

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• Four basic responsibilities of the police are to enforce laws, provide services, prevent crime, and preserve the peace

• Two components of a training period of a police recruit are police academy and field training

• Challenges faced by women in law enforcement careers are added scrutiny, tokenism, and sexual harassment

26Copy r i gh t ©201 6 Cenga g e Lear ni n g . A l l Ri ghts Res er v ed . M ay not be s c anne d , c opi ed or dupl i c at e d , or pos te d to a publ i c l y ac c e s s i bl e webs i te , i n whol e or i n par t. HIST4 | CH6 26CJ5 | CH4 26

SUMMARY (continued)

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• The Department of Homeland Security oversees three agencies that play an important role in counterterrorism and fighting crime

• Private security refers to services provided by private corporations or individuals rather than police officers