Construction Safety

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October 1, 2010

OSHA Cranes & Derricks Subpart CC

CRANES & DERRICKS

Effective Date: November 8, 2010

Subpart CC

HIGHLIGHTS

  • Signal Person Qualifications
  • Qualifications of Maintenance and Repair Workers
  • Training
  • Hoisting Personnel
  • Multiple Crane/Derrick Lifts
  • Design, Construction and Testing
  • Equipment Modifications
  • Tower Cranes
  • Derricks
  • Floating Cranes & Land Cranes on Barges
  • Overhead and Gantry Cranes
  • Dedicated Pile Drivers
  • Sideboom Cranes
  • Requirements for equipment w/ capacity of 2000 lbs and less
  • Scope
  • Definitions
  • Ground Conditions
  • Assembly/disassembly
  • Power Line Safety
  • Inspections
  • Wire Rope
  • Safety Devices
  • Operational Aids
  • Operation
  • Authority to Stop Operation
  • Signals
  • Fall Protection
  • Work Area Control
  • Keeping Clear of the Load
  • Free Fall and Controlled Load Lowering
  • Operator Qualification and Certification

SCOPE: WHAT EQUIPMENT IS COVERED?

  • Functional description

Can hoist, lower and horizontally move a

suspended load

&

  • Long list of examples

EXAMPLES LIST

  • Dedicated pile drivers
  • Service/mechanic trucks with a hoisting device
  • Crane on a monorail
  • Tower cranes (such as fixed jib (“hammerhead boom”), luffing boom and self-erecting)
  • Pedestal cranes
  • Portal cranes
  • Overhead and gantry cranes
  • Straddle cranes
  • Sideboom cranes
  • Derricks

. . . and variations of such

equipment.

  • Articulating cranes (such as knuckle-boom cranes)
  • Crawler cranes
  • Floating cranes
  • Cranes on barges
  • Locomotive cranes
  • Mobile cranes

(such as wheel-mounted, rough-terrain, all-terrain, commercial truck-mounted, and boom truck cranes)

  • Multi-purpose machines

when configured to hoist and lower (by means of a winch or hook) and horizontally move a suspended load

  • Industrial cranes (such as carry-deck cranes)

SCOPE

  • Specific exclusions (such as for power shovels, excavators, and backhoes)

  • Limited exclusions (such as for digger derricks, articulating/knuckle-boom truck cranes)

GROUND CONDITIONS

Controlling Entity:

Provide adequate conditions

  • Firm, drained

and graded

  • Sufficient to

support crane

(in conjunction

with blocking,

mats, etc.)

GROUND CONDITIONS

Controlling Entity must Inform equipment user & operator of

known

underground hazards

(voids, utilities, etc.)

A CHANGE MADE SINCE THE RULE WAS PROPOSED

Information about ground conditions now includes all information known about ground conditions, including written information in possession of the controlling employer, whether on site or off site.

ASSEMBLY / DISASSEMBLY

ASSEMBLY / DISASSEMBLY

  • Two options:

Manufacturer procedures

or

Employer procedures

(criteria requirements)

  • General requirements, such as:

  • A/D Director = “competent & qualified person”
  • A/D Director must:
  • Understand procedures
  • Review procedures (unless A/D Director has used them before)
  • Check that crew members understand their tasks, hazards
  • Follow manufacturer’s prohibitions
  • All rigging work is done by a Qualified Rigger
  • When using outriggers - fully extend or deploy as

per the load chart

ASSEMBLY / DISASSEMBLY

  • Qualified Rigger – adds requirements that employers must use a qualified rigger for rigging operations during assembly/disassembly and other activities when workers must be in the fall zone to handle a load. (§1926.1404 and § 1926.1425)

  • Synthetic Slings – adds requirements (i.e., padding) for use of synthetic slings in rigging. (§ 1926.1404(r))

CHANGES MADE SINCE THE RULE WAS PROPOSED

POWER LINES

  • Identify Work Zone

Work Zone =

Marking boundaries

or

360 degrees around crane up to maximum working radius

POWER LINES

Could you get within 20 feet of power line?

YES

NO

Option #1 Deenergize & Ground

Encroachment Prevention Measures

(Equipment Operations)

Option #3

Ask Utility for Voltage and

Use Table A

(with minimum clearance distance)

Option #2

20-foot clearance

No further action

  • Planning meeting
  • If tag lines used Non-conductive
  • Elevated warning lines, barricade or line of signs

  • PLUS (Choose one):

  • Proximity alarm, spotter, warning device, range limiter, or insulating link

*

Table A – Minimum Clearance Distances
Voltage (nominal, kV, alternating current) Minimum clearance distance (feet)
up to 50 10
over 50 to 200 15
over 200 to 350 20
over 350 to 500 25
over 500 to 750 35
over 750 to 1000 45
over 1000 (as established by the power line owner/operator or registered professional engineer who is a qualified person with respect to electrical power transmission and distribution)

*

Must Show:

  • Staying outside zone

is infeasible

  • Infeasible to

deenergize and

ground

Intentionally Working Closer Than Table A Zone

All of the following are required:

  • Power line owner – sets minimum approach distance
  • Planning meeting – minimum procedures

- Dedicated spotter

- Elevated warning line or barricade

- Insulating link/device

- Nonconductive rigging

- Range limiter (if equipped)

- Nonconductive tag line (if used)

- Barricades - 10 feet from equipment

- Limit access to essential workers

- Prohibit non-operator workers from touching above insulating link

- Properly ground crane

- Deactivate automatic re-energizer

- Insulating line cover-up installed

CHANGE MADE SINCE THE RULE WAS PROPOSED

Electric Utilities – employers whose employees are qualified to perform power distribution and transmission work are considered to be in compliance with §§ 1926.1407-1926.1411 of subpart CC (power lines sections) when performing subpart V work in accordance with § 1910.269. (§ 1926.1400(g))

OPERATOR CERTIFICATION

CRANES & DERRICKS

WORKER PARTICIPATION

  • Training
  • Workers must be trained to recognize and avoid hazards.
  • Workers must understand this training
  • Provided in a manner they understand
  • Oral/written training
  • Provided in a language they understand
  • Some Spanish language materials are already available through OSHA

  • OPTION 1:

Accredited testing organization

  • OPTION 2:

Audited employer program

  • OPTION 3:

U.S. military

  • OPTION 4:

State/local gov’t license

OPERATOR QUALIFICATION /
CERTIFICATION

A CHANGE MADE SINCE THE RULE WAS PROPOSED

The final rule now requires that employers must comply with local and state licensing regulations that meet requirements of § 1926.1427(e) and (j). (§ 1926.1427(a))

  • OPTION 1:

Accredited testing organization

  • OPTION 2:

Audited employer program

  • OPTION 3:

U.S. military

  • OPTION 4:

State/local license

Testing Criteria

OPERATOR QUALIFICATION /
CERTIFICATION

  • Knowledge (written test):
  • Controls/performance characteristics
  • Calculate capacity
  • Preventing power line contact
  • Ground conditions & equipment support
  • Use and locate info in operating manual
  • Appendix C subjects
  • Practical test

Develops and administers the tests (written & practical) to certify operators

Accredited Testing Organization

Nationally Recognized Accrediting Agency

Option 1: Accredited Testing Organization

Determines compliance

with testing & test

administration criteria

Different tests for

Different capacity/

type of equipment

Accredited testing organization

Option 2: Audited Employer Program

Auditor

Audited Employer

Program

Compliance

with testing & test

administration criteria

Certifies

Employer-administered written & practical tests

Option 3: U.S. Military

U.S. Military

Issues Operator Qualification

Option 4: State/local government license

State/local government license office

Determines license office complies with testing/test administration criteria

State/local government authority that oversees licensing office

Issues operator license

CHANGES MADE SINCE THE RULE WAS PROPOSED

  • Certification Costs for Operators – employers must pay for certification or qualification of their currently uncertified or unqualified operators. (§ 1926.1427(a)(4))

CHANGES MADE SINCE THE RULE WAS PROPOSED

  • Test Administration and Language Requirements – written tests may be administered in a language understood by the operator candidate. (§ 1926.1427(h))

  • Certification – clarifies that when the operator’s testing is based on a language other than English it must be noted on the certificate. (§ 1926.1427(h))

CHANGE MADE SINCE THE RULE WAS PROPOSED

Audited Employer Program – now specifies that the audit must be conducted in accordance with nationally recognized auditing standards. (§ 1926.1427(c))

OPERATOR QUALIFICATION /
CERTIFICATION

Portable

Valid

* Subject to State & Local requirements and whether or not the military/state training meets accredited requirements.

Accredited testing organization YES * 5 years
Audited Employer Program NO 5 years
U.S. Military license NO * Set by issuing entity
State/local license NO * Valid only in jurisdiction Set by issuing entity, not > 5 years

OPERATOR QUALIFICATION /
CERTIFICATION

November 8, 2010: State or local license required if (1) working within a state or locality that has licensing requirements and (2) the licensing program meets the licensing and certification criteria listed in subpart CC.

November 8, 2010-November 10, 2014: Employer must ensure that all operators are competent to operate the equipment safely and are trained and evaluated on that training before operating the equipment.

November 10, 2014: All operators must be certified or qualified.

  • Signal person – when required:

  • Point of operation not in full view of operator

  • View of direction of travel is obstructed

  • Site-specific safety concerns

  • Signal Types:
  • Hand, voice, audible or “new”
  • Only time an operator can use a cell phone while lifting (but must be hands free)

SIGNALS

SIGNAL PERSON

  • Qualification Requirements:

  • Know & understand signals

  • Competent in using signals

  • Basic understanding of crane operation

  • Verbal or written test plus practical test

Qualifications

Qualified how

Documentation

Portable

SIGNAL PERSON

Third party qualified evaluator Yes Yes
Employer qualified evaluator Yes No

INSPECTIONS

CRANES & DERRICKS

Type of Inspection: Who Inspects:

INSPECTIONS

Modified or repaired/adjusted Qualified person
Post-assembly Qualified person
Shift Competent person
Monthly Competent person
Annual Qualified person


CHANGES MADE SINCE THE RULE WAS PROPOSED

  • Inspections – all documentation required by the inspection provisions must be available to all inspectors performing required inspections (including wire rope inspections). (§§ 1926.1412 & 1926.1413)

  • Pre-Erection Inspection for Tower Cranes – adds a requirement to include inspection of crane components after transportation to the work site and prior to erection of the crane. (§ 1926.1435)

OPERATIONS

  • Operations procedures must be developed by a qualified person when the manufacturer’s procedures are unavailable.

  • Procedures related to the capacity of the equipment must be developed by a registered professional engineer (familiar with the equipment) when the manufacturer’s procedures are unavailable.

  • This information must be readily available in the cab of the crane.

OPERATIONS

Operators cannot be engaged in activities that distract her or his attention while operating the equipment (for example, no cellular phone use unless used for signaling).

KEEPING CLEAR OF THE LOAD

  • When workers must be in the fall zone to handle a load, the load must be rigged by a qualified rigger.

FALL PROTECTION

  • Fall protection requirements are specified in the final rule.

  • Training is required regarding the criteria and use of fall protection systems that is consistent with 29 CFR 1926 subpart M.

  • Anchor points for fall protection systems must meet subpart M requirements and criteria.

SAFETY DEVICES AND OPERATIONAL AIDS

SAFETY DEVICES

  • Safety devices are required and must be operational at all times

  • Include:
  • Crane level indicator
  • Boom/Jib stops (except derricks)
  • Integral holding device/check valve for outrigger and stabilizer jacks

OPERATIONAL AIDS

Operational aids are required but temporary alternative measures are also allowed while operational aids are being repaired.

OPERATIONAL AIDS

Boom hoist limiting device, luffing jib limiting device, and anti two-blocking device.

Replacement of parts:

Must be repaired within 7 days of discovery of deficiency.

OPERATIONAL AIDS

Category II Devices

Boom angle or radius indicator, boom length indicator, load weighing devices, jib angle indicator, outrigger/stabilizer position sensor/monitor, and hoist drum rotation indicator.

Replacement of parts:

Must be repaired within 30 days of discovery of deficiency.

OPERATIONAL AIDS

Exception: employer has documented that it ordered the part and then repaired the equipment within 7 days of receipt of the replacement part.

When any necessary repairs or adjustments are needed for the equipment and alternative methods are being implemented, the employer must communicate this information to all affected employees at the beginning of each shift. (§ 1926.1417(j))

CHANGE MADE SINCE THE RULE WAS PROPOSED

TOWER CRANES

TOWER CRANES

SUPPLEMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

Some supplemental tower crane requirements

  • Foundations & structural supports
  • Design & Inspection
  • Plumb tolerance
  • Specification & verification
  • Climbing procedures
  • Host structure strength verification
  • Wind
  • Post-erection load test
  • Monthly Inspection: tower mast bolts, upper-most tie-in, braces, floor supports, floor wedges

Required Documentation Includes

  • Monthly & annual inspection reports for the equipment and wire rope
  • Modifications that affect the safe use of the equipment
  • Operator and signal person qualifications
  • Tower crane foundation/support design
  • When repairs or adjustments of the equipment are needed

Required Documentation Includes

  • Employer-developed procedures (i.e., assembly/disassembly, operational, and other procedures related to the safe operation of the equipment)
  • Power line encroachment procedures/plan

STATE PLAN STATES

STATE PLAN STATES

  • States must set job safety and health standards that are “at least as effective as” comparable federal standards.
  • Although most states adopt standards identical to federal ones, there is some flexibility. Therefore, cranes and derricks standards may differ in states operating their own plans.
  • Some states already have their own cranes and derricks standards in place. Their regulations must be “at least as effective as” the federal standard.
  • Go to www.osha.gov/dcsp/osp for more information on state plan states.

WORKER PARTICIPATION

WORKER PARTICIPATION

  • The participation of workers is a vital component of any workplace injury and illness prevention program; workers are the best eyes and ears for identifying hazards.  Workers must be trained on the hazards they face and ways to prevent the hazards.

WORKER PARTICIPATION

  • Workers have a right to a safe and healthy workplace
  • Workers have a right to report safety issues without fear of retaliation
  • Workers may report safety concerns to OSHA at 1-800-321-OSHA

Comprehensive

State Plan

State Plan

Public Sector Only

Federal OSHA

Puerto Rico-

Comprehensive

Virgin Islands-

Public Sector

Only

Source: Establishments County Business Patterns, 2005; Employme nt Current Employment Statistics (CES), 2007

AK

WASH

OREG

CALIF

NEV

N. DAK

IDAHO

WYO

ARIZ

N. MEX

UTAH

COLO

TEXAS

OKLA

KANSAS

NEBR

HI

S. DAK

MINN

IOWA

MO

ARK

LA

MISS

ALAGA

FLA

SC

NC

TENN

KY

IND

WIS

MI

OH

WV

PA

NY

VA

ME

MONT

VT

NH

MD

NJ

DE

CT

RI

MA

ILL

Federal:

District of Columbia

Guam

American Samoa

Trust territories

Revised April 2010