creativity
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CPS-DivergentThinking.pptxPrinciples of Creative Problem Solving
Divergent Thinking
Unit 3
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Today’s Plan
PART I: Review from Units 1 and 2
What is Creativity
What is CPS
Efficacy of CPS
PART II: Lecture
Defining Divergent Thinking
Measuring Divergent Thinking
Divergent thinking tools
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Divergent Thinking
TOPICS
Defining Divergent Thinking
Measuring Divergent Thinking
Divergent Thinking Tools
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WHAT SHOULD I READ?
Chapters 5 & 6
In Creativity Rising (Your Text Book)
Pages 25 -42
Creativity Unbound (Your Textbook)
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Introduction
Two fundamental thought processes linked to creativity
Generating and evaluating
Generating options = divergent thinking
Quickly generating options and alternatives and not stopping to evaluate
Evaluating and selecting = convergent thinking
Application of judgement to determine which option is the most promising
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Dynamic Balance
Dynamic Balance
It’s all about Dynamic Balance
Divergence & Convergence
If the balance is off your outcome is less likely to be creative
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What is Divergent Thinking?
Broad search for many diverse and novel alternatives
It creates choices
It is an essential capacity for creative thinking
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Principles of Divergent Thinking
Defer Judgment
Go for Quantity
Make Connections
Seek Novelty
You get to the best answers/ solutions/ ideas etc by applying these
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Principles for Divergent Thinking
1. Defer Judgment
Expands awareness and respect for other possibilities
Replaces “can’t” with “can-do” attitude
Makes someone more open to new ideas
Broadens range of usable choices
Requires (and promotes) a shift in perspective.
Hold on and evaluate later.
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Principles for Divergent Thinking
2. Go for Quantity
Increases likelihood of a breakthrough idea
Increases original ideas
The more you produce, the more you learn
Prevents the mistake of going with the first (and possibly wrong) idea
To be a fluent thinker generating many ideas options and alternative
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Principles for Divergent Thinking
3. Make Connections
Increases range of unusual ideas
Promotes flexible thinking
Aids in the elaboration or extension of initial ideas
Provides cross-fertilization of ideas and results
Combine things that had not been combine or draw fro one think when working on another
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Principles for Divergent Thinking
4. Seek Novelty
Leads to breakthrough ideas
Encourages other ideas that may be useful or advantageous
Promotes originality
Encourages play and a creative spirit in groups
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How do we measure divergent thinking?
There are many tests
Two popular ones
TTCT- Torrance Test of Creative Thinking
AUT- Alternative Uses Test
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J.P. Guilford’s Alternative Uses Task (1960)
Divergent task that consists of
Presenting examinees with common objects
Asks them to list other uses for which the object or parts of the object would serve.
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Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking – “TTCT” (1966)
Based on earlier divergent thinking work by Guilford.
Measures creativity across domains: Verbal and Figural.
Verbal: ask-and-guess, product improvement, unusual uses, unusual questions, just suppose.
Figural: picture construction, picture completion, repeated figures of lines or circles.
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Kaufman, 2006
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Both Tests
Both tests evaluate creativity using:
Originality (subjective evaluation of creativity)
Fluency (total number)
Flexibility (different categories of uses)
Elaboration (amount of details in a given use)
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Divergent Thinking Tools
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First Start with the Challenge
How to word your challenge with statement starters
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Tools for Divergent thinking
Why What’s Stopping You?
Word Dance
Stickem up Brainstorming
Brain writing
Forced Connections
SCAMPER
Excursions
Idea Box
Generating ideas
Understanding the Problem
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For Next Class
Read Pages 57-66 in creativity Rising
Read pages 43-57 in Creativity Unbound
Read through CPS tool assignment instructions
Read through Annotated bibliography instructions
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