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Running head: COUNSELLING PROCEDURES 1

COUNSELING PROCEDURES 15

COUNSELING PROCEDURES

Takia owens

Capella University

A Hypothetical Dialogue between Therapist (Me) and Client (Mr. Colbert)

Me: Hello Good morning, Mr. Colbert how are you today?

Mr. Colbert: am fine thanks you. Such a nice day

Me: Please welcome, please have a sit.

Mr. Colbert: thank you, so nice in here

Me: Thank you for coming today, it genuinely nice that I get a chance to meet you in person. I know it a bit nerve-wrecking to meet a new therapist.

Mr. Colbert: Yes, am feeling a little nervous……This something new to me my family and friends keep telling me that I need to seek therapy.

Me: Please, do not worry you will be alright Mr. Colbert. Make yourself comfortable and relax

Me: Today we be having a different session from the regular therapy session since it the first time we meet I will ask you some personal questions and some of them may help me understand you a little better. So that I can have a vivid understanding of what has being going on and the troubles that you are experiencing (notice as Mr. Colbert position himself in the seat and wipe his face) . But do not worry, this between us. Any I will answer whatever questions you may ask but it will also be okay if you do not. After asking my questions, I will share with you my thought and observation about what you have told me so as you always know what I am thinking and make sure I really understand whatever you put across. I will also share with you my thought and plans.

Mr. Colbert: I am very personal, I do not like sharing my personal information. But I will try.

Me: ok, well let’s try. You do not have to tell me everything until you feel comfortable.

Me: So, from the conversation we had on phone you were telling me you have anxiety about your girlfriend loyalty and that work is stressing you out? Some days you do not feel like getting out of bed. You are barley eating? Tell me if got it wrong?

Mr. Colbert: Yes, I guess that sound about right.

Me: Since we are meet face to face would mind tell me it over again?

Mr. Colbert: Well, you already know, but I guess I will not mind, well I been working every day lately 12 hours shift 7 days a week. My crew have been short shift. I do work in a stress environment somedays are worse than others. Somedays I just do not feel like going into work. I notice my appetite leaving and I just want to stay in bed. My drinking is getting worst. I do have worries of my girlfriend loyalty. Do not want to say she is cheating or maybe I am running her off, but I do feel like things are changing with us. She has drastically changed she do not stay over anymore; she does not treat me the way she used to treat me. She is not that sweet anymore; she is most of the time busy and she does not text or call the way she used to. The though of her cheating are really overwhelming.

Me: Well Mr. Colbert is so sad that you are having such a bad feeling. Anxiety is a normal thing that people feel especially when you have a feeling that something is wrong somewhere. Relationship nowadays have become to challenging. Technology and various society expectation have invoked superstitious feeling in many people. People have high expectation or expect too much that can be overwhelming to one partner. Likewise, too much desire has made people have fluctuating feeling. Therefore, do not feel you are alone Mr. Colbert so many people are experiencing this relationship wrangles, however we will try our best to find a solution. I see work is holding you, If you do not mind me asking what do you do for a living? As you stated, work is stressing you out?

Me: when did all these problems start?

Mr. Colbert: My problems has started last year when my girlfriend had to go to Charlotte, North Carolina as I remain in South Carolina because we were really experiencing hard financial times and we were struggling to put food on the table. We agreed that if both of us had job we could be able to pay for our bills and even pay for the rent. However, after two to three months on her job things started to change and our world has never been the same since then .( as he turn away to look out the window.) It start from, “babe am sorry I was busy at work”, “babe am sorry I got your missed call” to completely muteness that would go for two to three days and now weeks. I thought am the one pestering her so hard and I loosen my horse, however the situation got worse as she got comfortable with me not calling or asking her where about. Work was just stressing me out I think I was taking my relationship problem to work. Then some of my coworkers start leaving and my client was throwing stuff and assaulting staff. I had no worker at the supervisors I put in a requesting to transfer department, but they told I will have to wait. It seems like everything I want to tell my girlfriend she just did not want to hear it. I even told her I leave.

Me: MMHH …….

Mr. COLBERT: (AS HE DROP HIS HEAD TO THE FLOOR) There is a time I got worried about what was happening and made the efforts to go to visit her in Charlotte to surprised her for her birthday I made plans but I had struggled that day to reach her I finally got in contact with her she was supposed to meet me when she got off. So I went to a friend house to wait when she got off she was intoxicated this Is when I found out she was renting an apartment out, I was shocked but she did not care we argue. I just feel like we could out talk about it before she goes rent out an apartment.

Me: mmh……am sorry to hear about that Mr. Colbert

Mr. Colbert: I did not know where to start because I loved her very much and I felt so disappointed. We talked over it and agreed to forget and start a new start. The goal was for me to accept my transfer and get my promotion and we will look for a house in charlotte and sell our home. However lately, the whole scenario has started over again and am really overwhelmed with the feeling that she is cheating again as much as she keeps on denying that nothing is wrong. This is so overwhelming; I notice that I am bring my personal problem to work that not me at all. Someday, I do not even get out of bed to go to work. I notice I take a shot of liquor everyday to calm me.

Me: (I notice when Mr. Colbert do no eye contact) Do you feel like you can fix this?

Mr. Colbert: I really feel terrible, the feeling is affecting every aspect of my life. I cannot sleep or concentrate at work. I call her and she does not pick her call I feel she is with that man. I ask her to do she still wants to be with me. I feel like I am repeating myself sorry. (As he turns to the door).

Me: Do you experience any panic attack?

Mr. Colbert: Yes, I have them a lot during work I always found myself panicking whenever a situation arises. I really do panic a lot.

Me: Have you ever seen any counselor before for anything? (Long pause)

Mr. Colbert: No, this is the first time me seeing a counsellor, Thinking the matter of maybe I’m over exaggeration my situation.

Me: (long pause) mmmh,, Why do you feel like you over exaggeration my situation?

Mr. Colbert: I was feeling lonely and confused and I thought counselling could help at some point and my job told me I had to come, or I would get fired.

Me: Do you feel like you need counselling?

Mr. Colbert: However, I remember feeling some sense of relief when sharing my problem to the counsellor.

Me: I appreciate that you felt some sought of relief during the little session. would you mind telling me what you find not helpful and what might have made you leave the counselling.

Mr. Colbert: I really feel confused and I might not mention what exactly that I might have found not helpful during my session. However, I thought the counselling session taking too much time.

Me: I really feel about your situation and the anxiety you are experiencing and am starting to think that there some things we can do together that will really help solve this situation, but first I would like to know if there is something else going on that you feel is important for me to know?

Mr. Colbert: I do not think so, I have lied all I had on the table

Me: thank you very much for answering questions that I have asked. Colbert, I know this stuff Is hard to talk about especially for men who always feel they got it to handle by themselves and always keep quite whenever something is pressing. It clears to me that you have an above average amount of anxiety that is really affecting your ability to work, sleep and keep concentration of the day to day activities. That must be hard for you. Mr. Colbert you should know that what you have shared with me is not any normal level of anxiety that people experience in relationship at times in times when things are rocky or not pleasant. I feel that there is some maker of anxiety disorder and therefore you are dealing on your own with a serious clinical issue. I feel like this is affecting your emotional being. Mr. Colbert you can make this feeling go away just as by being hard on yourself as I have seen you try to be. If you kick this issue by simply telling yourself calm down things are okay, you will not be here right now, but you are and am happy that you are. You do not need to be alone in this anymore and I am here, happily, and exclusively to help you solve this problem.

Mr. Colbert: thank you

Me: you are welcomed, ( pause, looking at Mr. Colbert reaction to establish his comfortably with the idea of working together ). ……… in the next session I would like to ask more question regarding your symptoms so that we are sure of what we are dealing with. However, am pretty sure from whatever you have told me that the focus our work would be tackling this anxiety together.

Me: feel free to come back

Mr. Colbert : thank you

Me: I feel confident that we can work together and get this anxiety under control and you would be able to feel yourself once again. If you would choose to work with me then I think that the first step would be to jump right into the practical and concrete tools that help you deal with the anxiety now. I remember back with your high school counselor there are some methods that you would like to turn to and that where we shall begin from. I will also explore the triggers and causes of this anxiety so that we play offense and not defense. I would like to see these issues coming and have a plan to break them off. I would also like to work with you to develop some pretty easy tweaks on your sleep routines for you to get better sleep; a necessary start to solve anxiety. I also think from what you have shared that simply have someone to talk to and sharing what you feel with your girlfriend might also help tackle with this anxiety problem. You should not be let alone or become embarrassed that you cannot solve issues by your own. I know it is a little embracing to talk to anyone about your personal issues but sometimes sharing and talking about it will vividly help us pass the shame and morph effective tools and strategies to solve this problem. I think that we will have a vivid difference within 3 months based on my working with other clients who have experienced the same issue you are dealing with

Me: do feel you have any questions….. If you have any questions, feel free to ask Mr. Smith

Mr. Colbert: I don’t have any question (pause ) will you really help me?

Me: of course, Mr. Colbert. I will feel glad that you back to feel yourself and things are working with your partner. Additionally, I have worked through this problem with several other clients and are now healthy living with their partners. I know it an overwhelming problem and you feel like all heavens have dropped on you, but everything will be okay. By identifying the anxiety triggers and issues, morph appropriate plans and strategies and most importantly working together we shall defeat this problem and you not only go back to being yourself but be a better person. (Pause) any other question Mr. Smith?

Mr. Colbert: I do not have any other question. Thank you

Me: Well Colbert, it almost time and am sorry we must stop there for today. However, if you are comfortable and fit, we can do one or two things. We can go ahead and schedule our next session and I think it is good for your progress we be meeting every week. However, if you think you would want to think over it then it okay. And if that is the case, I love your permission to do some follow up through email or SMS in a few days’ time so that we can get in touch before my caseload fill up again. What would you like?

Mr. Colbert: let me think about it and let you know over the mail

Me: thank very much for your time Mr. Colbert, let us meet at our next session.

Justification of the Conversation In Regard To Relevant Peer Reviewed Literature

From the hypothetical dialogue, clear concepts are well elaborated. The action items assigned to both characters are significant towards realizing an effective hypothesis dialogue. Many scholars have demonstrated how hypothetical dialogue is an effective technique towards realizing a good therapeutic relationship between clients, business owners, and conflicting parties. Noteworthy, basic skills such as counseling, reflective listening, and summarizing are the key requirements that fosters an effective hypothetical dialogue. Morabia (2020) gives a vivid explanation on this phenomenon by asserting how hypothetical dialogue enriches peoples understanding of the thinking of general population. In a nutshell, reflexive listening in hypothetical dialogue is significant in health facilities. Patients listen attentively to the medical appointments and prescriptions given to them to aid in their healing.

Additionally, counseling is depicted through clinicians addressing the patients on the social determinants of health, and primary health care. They tend to advice patients and other clients in the hospital on the importance of health care which is affordable and ready to provide quality services to clients from both poor and rich backgrounds. Furthermore, Graesser, VanLehn, Rosé, Jordan, & Harter (2001) assert that providing a summary on the general services offered to clients is clearly depicted from the dialogue. Various issues addressed such as chronic disease management and quality services provision are well elaborated to all clients.

Based on research by Sullivan (1997), he emphasizes that hypothetical dialogue should be used extensively to reduce or avoid cases of speech-signal distortion. This normally results into an inherent task demand where missing information is substituted with inference making so that there can be an understanding. Understanding speech in hypothetical dialogue implies that the meaning has to be extracted together with the overall message comprehension. This is quite crucial in a dialogue because all these extractions rely on negotiations and constructions between the two parties involved. That is the client and the customer relations officer. Therefore, speech understanding in a dialogue largely depends on the implicit interaction of the bottom down process and explicit interaction of the top down process.

Westein et.al (2018) also provides the best review to the literature. He asserts that incorporating effective learning techniques fosters development of hypothetical dialogue. Majority of the students are reported to rely heavily on hypothetical dialogue when expressing their issues. This technique gives them the courage and confidence to express themselves when faced with various challenges or anxiety. Skills such as counseling, reflective listening, and summarizing are depicted have been proved to be very effective when conducting hypothetical dialogue. However, these skills are very significant in an environment where learning is conducive. This condition entails the clients being examined alone or in a group. The client’s variables depend on age, gender, the client’s ability and the level of the client’s prior knowledge. Based on research by Myerson (1995), hypothetical dialogue can work to all the clients in various institutions with various memory abilities of grasping concepts. Through incorporating the above-mentioned skills, the clients have an opportunity to acquire knowledge and be veterans when it comes to handling hypothetical dialogue.

Through feelings of anxiety, Clark et.al (2018) asserts that the mode of presenting the hypothetical dialogue is quite significant factor towards improving the client’s responses to the questions and issues raised in the discussion. The author puts more emphasis on allocating time for the learners to have a deeper understanding and grasp what the dialogue is all about. For instance, hanging clients with speed delays the client’s ability to recall short word responses. Furthermore, Serafin, & Di Eugenio (2004) adds that anxiety inhibits the ability of clients storing the short-worded responses in their brain. He ends up by encouraging the allocation of more time for counseling, reflective listening, and summarizing so that the information is permanently stored in the client’s memory during the current and subsequent hypothetical dialogues.

Smith et.al (2016) adds that performance directly affects hypothetical dialogue. In his experiment, he attests that hypothetical dialogue is achieved through testing the level of acute stress of the clients. Highly effective skills such as counseling, summarizing and reflective listening strengthen the memory against the negative stress effects of the clients. The clients are induced with stimuli through restudying to determine the ability of retrieving the hypothetical dialogue exercise. After some time, stress is introduced to some of the clients and their memory performance assessed. The outcome shows that clients can conduct hypothetical dialogue through restudying the demonstrated the common enactment of memory that is stress related. The clients who participated in the hypothetical dialogue without being induced with stress showed sober moods and lacked toxic effects of stress during the dialogue. The author puts more emphasis that stress has adverse effects on hypothetical dialogue and solely depends on the three skills mentioned above.

Based on the literature by Green, & Barstow (1975), he adds that hypothetical dialogue is best practiced in activity theory. In this theory, a lot of emphasis is put on the activity systems where objects which are directed with the subject actions are in the form of material. However, several scholars have pointed out that this model is not satisfying towards hypothetical dialogue because it involves semiotic artifacts as accounts, theories and explanations and co-construction of meanings by two or more clients are constituted in the action. From the above dialogue, it is evident that in order to get a more satisfactory account of the role of hypothetical dialogue, the two parties need to have a collaborative attempt.

Furthermore, Green, & Barstow (1975) shades some light that despite the fact that stress has adverse effects on hypothetical analysis, introducing specific approaches counteracts these impacts. The authors realized that memory testing immediately after the onset of stress reduces the negative effects of stress on hypothetical dialogue. Additionally, clients’ are engaging in learning activities such as reading novel materials through highly effective learning techniques protects the clients’ memory against adverse effects of stress during a hypothetical dialogue.

Based on research by Mel (1958), counseling sessions to clients in hypothetical dialogue process helps clients in environmental institutions to be protected of their health needs. For instance, protecting the lakes, oceans, rivers, trees and other ecological systems should not be isolated but viewed as the main requirements for the universal human rights of life. Furthermore, summarizing the above issue has a positive significance to the health, sustainable economic development, and civil rights of the clients.

Johnson, Koyama, & Smith (2016) assert that hypothetical dialogue bases on an array of component technologies. For instance, text to speech, speech recognition, natural language understanding and language generation among others are the few components affecting the system. Despite the fact that huge progress towards the development of a well understood evaluation metrics for these components has been formulated, less progress has occurred towards realizations of metrics and frameworks that evaluates hypothetical dialogue systems and integrate it to these components. Additionally, one major problem facing hypothetical dialogue is various potential metrics are used in conducting evaluation to the dialogue system. For instance, hypothetical dialogue can be measured through the system’s ability to help clients achieve their set goals. However, the robustness of the system’s ability to detect and recover from errors of speech recognition and the general quality of systems interaction with clients affects the entire process. To curb this problem, a well elaborated summary and consultation services need to be conducted to educate and familiarize the users on the best mechanisms of handling hypothetical dialogue.

When designing and building a hypothetical dialogue, it is significant that the parties understand the tactics and tricks employed by their conflicting partners. Furthermore, they need to be aware when to apply those tactics and tricks. Not only does this criterion bases on steps of solving the problems and the contents identified in the utterances but also involve the meta-communication conveyed through the utterances that are spoken. Hypothetical dialogue is more effective approach of handling disputes, solving problems and holding an array of discussions because the information conveyed is hardly unavailable in typed input method. Serafin, & Di Eugenio (2004) emphasizes that hypothetical dialogue excludes cases of biasness and favors on one party. For instance, when a client denounces or refuses certain goods and services, he or she has a right to be heard and accorded with what she desires. Additionally, parties that engage in conflicts can use hypothetical dialogue to drive to a therapeutic relationship. The party on the wrong should be willing to apologize and the other party is willing to forgive for a peaceful coexistence. Finally, institutions should embrace hypothetical dialogue to help deal with arising cases of financial theft, hoarding of goods and misappropriation of funds.

Finally, Graesser et.al (2001) the dialogue consists of elements of hypothetical dialogue which are appropriate towards the limited cases of situations and relationships especially during courtship. This dialogue provides a conventional language where people who are dating or those with love issues find a way of formulating their changing and emerging common anticipations. Many people in relationships engage in fights regularly because of poor reflexive listening and consulting. Hypothetical dialogue comes to their aid where the two parties borrow skills in handling and solving their predicaments. A summary of the main problems they are arguing about are highlighted, followed by a reflexive listening skill and consultation where appropriate to restore peace in the courtship.

From the evidence illustrated in the peer article reviews, it is highly significant that hypothetical dialogue is among the significant approaches of solving disputes, teaching, and training and also passing information to clients in various institutions. In as much as hypothetical dialogue advantages outweighs the disadvantages, further research needs to be conducted to gear towards realizing the methods and techniques in which hypothetical dialogue will be employed to protect and improve the client’s issues and problems. The results in this research can fundamentally the styles used by various stakeholders and workers in most institutions and organizations view the relationship between hypothetical dialogue and the clients to engage with in the exercise.

References

Clark, J. M. (1957). Economic institutions and human welfare (p. 244). New York: Knopf.

Graesser, A. C., VanLehn, K., Rosé, C. P., Jordan, P. W., & Harter, D. (2001). Intelligent tutoring systems with conversational dialogue. AI magazine, 22(4), 39-39.

Green, C., & Barstow, D. (1975). A hypothetical dialogue exhibiting a knowledge base for a program-understanding system (No. STAN-CS-75-476). STANFORD UNIV CA DEPT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE.

Johnson, M. W., Koyama, R., & Smith, M. J. (2016). U.S. Patent Application No. 14/520,389.

Mel⊘ e, J. (1958). Dialogue on the hypothetical character of logical analysis.

Morabia, A. (2020). The Public Health Dialogue, 2020.

Myerson, G. (1995). Hypothetical dialogue and intellectual history: Frege, Freud and the disarming of negation. History of the Human Sciences, 8(4), 1-17.

Serafin, R., & Di Eugenio, B. (2004, July). FLSA: Extending latent semantic analysis with features for dialogue act classification. In Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics (p. 692). Association for Computational Linguistics.

Sullivan, S. (1997). Domination and dialogue in Merleau‐Ponty's Phenomenology of Perception. Hypatia, 12(1), 1-19.

Thorsson, V., Gibbs, D. L., Brown, S. D., Wolf, D., Bortone, D. S., Yang, T. H. O., ... & Ziv, E. (2018). The immune landscape of cancer. Immunity, 48(4), 812-830.