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Question 1 (4 points)

All research, except for the small number of very low-risk studies determined by the IRB to be exempt from on-going review, must be reviewed by an IRB at least once per year.

Question 1 options:

	True
	False

Question 2 (4 points)

It is unethical to provide inducements to create interest and encourage individuals to participate or to remain in research.

Question 2 options:

	True
	False

Question 3 (4 points)

Which of the following is not typically considered a potential risk of research participation?

Question 3 options:

	Economic
	Inconvenience
	Physical
	Psychological and Social

Question 4 (4 points)

Most academic institutions do not require IRB review and approval of student-led research.

Question 4 options:

	True
	False

Question 5 (4 points)

Which of the following documents does NOT need be submitted for IRB review and approval?

Question 5 options:

	Recruitment scripts
	Study budget
	Study questionnaires
	Informed consent materials

Question 6 (4 points)

Which one of the following is NOT part of informed consent?

Question 6 options:

	comprehension
	voluntariness
	group placement
	information

Question 7 (4 points)

Which of the following statements is NOT true about privacy?

Question 7 options:

	Privacy most often comes into play during the recruitment and data collection phases of research
	It often relates to the data management side of things, from the time the data are collected to final analysis and reporting, making sure that the participant's identity and information are kept within the research team, as specified in the protocol and agreed upon during informed consent.
	Privacy means the "control over the extent, timing, and circumstances of sharing oneself (physically, behaviorally, or intellectually) with others"
	It is incumbent upon the researcher to ensure that participants are selected for and approached about research discreetly

Question 8 (4 points)

Which of the following statements about ethical standards, guidelines, regulations, and institutional policies is TRUE?

Question 8 options:

	Ethical standards, which are typically developed at the national level, set the rules for implementing the institutional policies.
	Regulations identify specific requirements for conducting the research as well as for the documentation of compliance, and impose penalties for non-compliance.
	Guidelines carry the weight of law and are therefore enforceable.
	Institutional policies are generally considered universal, and are reflected across all guidelines, regulations, and standards.

Question 9 (4 points)

When researchers describe study results as being "generalizable" they are referring to a study that has high ...

Question 9 options:

	external validity
	levels of personal bias
	limitations
	internal validity

Question 10 (4 points)

What is the advantage of mixed methods research in public health?

Question 10 options:

	all answers are correct
	it can encourage interdisciplinary collaboration and multiple paradigms
	the strengths of one approach offset weaknesses of the other
	it can provide more comprehensive and convincing evidence

Question 11 (4 points)

What is an example of the quan--> QUAL variation of the exploratory sequential design?

Question 11 options:

	interviewing the same group of individuals multiple times to see how they change over time
	conducting qualitative research to create a scale to be implemented in the second phase of research
	conducting focus groups to identify important themes for a survey
	surveying a sample of individuals about their education to select individuals with higher degrees for qualitative interviews

Question 12 (4 points)

What should be done first in designing a mixed methods research study?

Question 12 options:

	list what data that will be collected and analyzed
	state the question/problem to be addressed and decide if a mixed methods approach is needed
	choose a mixed methods design based on timing, weighting and purpose
	draw a schematic of your study

Question 13 (4 points)

Which of the following is typical of qualitative research but not quantitative research?

Question 13 options:

	It uses open-ended questioning with inductive probing.
	It includes researcher bias.
	It may be used for hypothesis generation.
	It uses probabilistic sampling.

Question 14 (4 points)

Which of the following is TRUE about qualitative research?

Question 14 options:

	Qualitative research usually requires a larger sample than quantitative research.
	Qualitative research usually poses fewer ethical risks than a standard quantitative survey.
	Qualitative analysis often focuses on identification of themes in the data.
	Qualitative research involves any research that uses data that has ordinal values.

Question 15 (4 points)

Strategies to effect community engagement do NOT include:

Question 15 options:

	going house to house to garner support
	improving translation and dissemination plans
	defining community and identifying partners
	learning the etiquette of community engagement

Question 16 (4 points)

A researcher wants to see how the availability or lack of availability can play a role in risk y sexual behaviors among teenage girls. Which model would be the best fit?

Question 16 options:

	social cognitive theory
	transtheoretical/ stages of change model
	social ecological model
	health belief model

Question 17 (4 points)

A theory is a set of interrelated concepts, definitions, and propositions that explains or predicts events or situations by specifying relations among variables

Question 17 options:

	True
	False

Question 18 (4 points)

Which of the following is NOT true of a model?

Question 18 options:

	Models explain phenomena
	When developing a model, the concept, variables, and measures must be defined.
	A model is a plan for investigating the phenomenon and provides a vehicle for applying theories.
	Can be grouped by the level of analysis it provides: individual, interpersonal, social/community, or multiple levels.

Question 19 (4 points)

A theoretical paradigm that studies the subjective meanings of phenomena to open new questions is...

Question 19 options:

	interpretive
	transformative
	positivism
	all of the answers are correct

Question 20 (4 points)

A study conducted formative community-level research in India and Tanzania and a pilot prospective clinic-based study in Tanzania to investigate the challenges and opportunities related to including young women aged 15 to 21 in future HIV prevention trials, more specifically, topical and oral microbicide trials. Two of the study's aims werer: 1. Evaluate the legal, sociocultural, and service delivery factors that hinder young women's participation in topical or oral microbicide trials— and by extension, other HIV prevention clinical trials— and make specific recommendations to enhance their participation. 2. Determine young women's acceptability and use of a proxy gel or a proxy pill, including circumstances in which participants apply the gel and take the pill; reasons for nonuse of gel or pill; for the gel, negotiations about use with partners; and for the gel, the influences of use on sexual satisfaction for themselves and their partners. What model/theory should guide this study?

Question 20 options:

	Health Belief Model
	Social Ecological
	Transtheoretical Model
	Social Cognitive Theory

Question 21 (4 points)

Internal validity is important because it determines...

Question 21 options:

	If the study is generalizable to the larger population
	Whether the independent variable caused the change in the dependent variable
	If the Hawthorne effect affected the findings
	Whether study findings are a result of measurement effects

Question 22 (4 points)

All of the following are threats to external validity EXCEPT:

Question 22 options:

	Selection bias
	Instrumentation
	Measurement error
	confounding

Question 23 (4 points)

The strength of the quantitative approach is

Question 23 options:

	repeatability
	it leaves less room for outliers and errors if conducted correctly.
	it allows for open-ended questions
	it allows for highly detailed accounts of how people in a social setting lead their lives.

Question 24 (4 points)

TREND is a checklist used for

Question 24 options:

	reporting observational evaluations
	systematic literature reviews
	surveillance databases
	reporting evaluations of behavioral and public health interventions with nonrandomized designs

Question 25 (4 points)

SRQR and COREQ are checklists that can be used when conducting

Question 25 options:

	quantitative research
	qualitative research
	cross-sectional studies
	cohort studies