Assignment

Running Head: INTERNATIONAL SUPPLY CHAIN SECURITY 1

INTERNATIONAL SUPPLY CHAIN SECURITY

APUS uses the seventh edition APA style guide. The paper needs to be in APA format. The title byline should not be all capitalized. The running header should always show the page number. The byline should be in bold font and there should be an extra line space after the byline.

INTERNATIONAL SUPPLY CHAIN SECURITY

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The report tends to be a descriptive style narrative with no analysis. Determine the purpose of the report and how it will benefit people such as potential employers and reading the information. Give readers a reason for reviewing the entire document. Why is it important for example? Include concepts that you learned from the Master’s program that are illustrated by the comments in the report. Let potential employers no the concepts you have acquired and the knowledge gained from your master’s program. The purpose of the artifacts in the portfolio is to convince potential employers that you were ready for promotion or for hiring in a position. Modify your report according to notes and comments, and adjust the report so that it meets the expectation for a professional portfolio.

See the rubric for grade points. During week five, you will submit modified and improved artifacts from week’s two through four, for peer review. At the conclusion of the course, be prepared to submit artifacts to meet expectations of a professional portfolio. Explain how each artifact shows readers the knowledge gained from the program.

Introduction Comment by Microsoft Office User: Repeat the byline as the introduction section title.

The master strategy of securing the cargo flow from the country of origin to their final destination works under the Homeland security department and relies on the S.A.F.E act of 2006. It focuses on establishing frameworks that work with current national strategies, i.e., programs, transport systems, and tactical plans specified by the Department and the international community, private sector, and government (Tribal, local, state, and federal). The Security and Accountability for Every Port regulation enacted in 2006 demands that a strategic plan is in place to enhance the international supply chain security if trade resumes following transport security incidents (Department of Homeland Security, 2007). It works with other state-related strategies; National Maritime Transport security plans, National Infrastructure protection plan, National Response, and National strategy for maritime security. The Department of Homeland security seeks not to replace these documents but to form a multi-layered and unified risk treatment plan. Comment by Microsoft Office User: The first occurrence of a acronym should be spelled out in the acronym put into parentheses. Thereafter, it is OK to use the acronym except for when it is the first part of a sentence. Comment by Microsoft Office User: In the introduction explain what type of report is being presented. Readers know if this is a case study, a report, or some other type of information..

Purpose Comment by Microsoft Office User: Used double line spacing with no extra line spaces between sections.

The document seeks to resolve international cargo safety's global concern by identifying and assessing existing security countermeasures, consequences, vulnerabilities, and threats. It presents sixteen modifying concepts that create a safe commerce supply chain that generalizes international cargo flow, as shown in the figure below. After that, it demands strategic planning in securing; information, load, people, facilities, and infrastructure along the supply chain. The risk assessment conducted identifies and analyses risks on most valuable resources and infrastructure which need stronger partnerships to improve supply chain security. Comment by Microsoft Office User: Rewrite to avoid anthropomorphism.

Illustration 1. Generalized International cargo supply chain flow Comment by Microsoft Office User: Be sure the diagram is not copied from a existing published source. Create the diagram using APA format for the diagram title and the footnote. In the footnote let readers know the type of use permission applicable if this is copyrighted material.

The strategic plan includes three fundamental objectives; enhance the security and safety of global cargo flow, promoting international commence using the available security model, and allowing trade resumption that undermines the supply chain (Department of Homeland Security, 2007). These layered goals depend on cooperative work, initiatives, and programs in the global arena. Such aims include; building trusted dependencies, giving benefits & incentives, adopting international security standards, availing data, introducing detection systems at the point of entry, facilitating communication with trade partners, promoting technological advancement, leveraging supply chain nodes in inspections & screening, facilitating security investigations with foreign partners, etc.

Scope

The scope of this strategy is to address cargo security movements along the global supply chain from the originating country to their arrival in the U.S. It uses end-to-end methodologies with particular verification and checks at specific nodes. The ultimate focus of this is tracking shipments from foreign countries while still appreciating their sovereignty, i.e., cargo inbound and regimes. The strategic plan uses risk techniques that promote international trading cooperation for securing vessels and shipments coming into the U.S. It relies on coordination and collaboration across the organizations with particular responsibilities and roles, including international organizations, local & foreign governments, the private sector, etc. Consequentially, it works to complement other available strategies by detailing the guidance of segments such as transport infrastructure and supply chain (Manuj and Mentzer, 2008). Comment by Microsoft Office User: Use the correct type of APA format for the citation. Review end of phrase citation formats in APA examples.

Guiding Principles

There are four guiding principles in the strategy; compatible regulations & international standards, secure transit, secure cargo, and finally, information sharing & data accuracy. The latter is useful in supporting the cargo risk treatment since it helps identify hazardous cargo; thus, it must come from first-hand sources. Information sharing means that data should go to the trading partners and government agencies while simultaneously secured. In securing the cargo itself, it demands that transmitted information should conform to appropriate security procedures. Transit is all about connecting the transport facilities in the commerce movement while maintaining cargo security. Security framework improvement principle addresses the substantive supply chain consistencies through engagements with international organizations and partners.

The policy strategy appreciates technology's impact; information systems integration, standardization, compatibility in supply chain security improvement. It enjoys layered security solutions to combat different vulnerabilities to engage with the defense points successfully. It recommends that with maturity with these technologies, they need to adjust, evaluate, and include supporting operational plans to improve business methodologies supporting international trade (Department of Homeland Security, 2007).

Other pillars guiding the strategy include; concepts of recovery, response & prevention, resources, all-hazards planning, and economic impact. U.S maritime activities account for 20% of the international trade activities; thus, any disruptions within ports have a severe financial effect globally. Therefore, the strategy appreciates the role of international cooperation and partnerships in securing the supply chain, integrating modern information systems into business practices to increase security levels in the country sustainably (Department of Homeland Security, 2007). Hazards planning seeks to coordinate, harmonize, and optimize resources, procedures by scaling the recovery, response, and prevention of incident management measures. Finally, the strategy highlights the need to identify, allocating resources in the stakeholders' engagement process.

Considerations

The master plan assumes and considers twelve comprehensive aspects (Department of Homeland Security, 2007). These include; resourcing agencies in their roles, internal plans for moving resources and people in the occurrence of threats, bi-directional cargo carriers, trade expansion in coming years, infrastructure expansion for accommodating the flow of cargo, risk assessment and supply chain security, nuclear scanning improvements, container security for both its infrastructure and data, promoting supply-chain relationships, facilitating legitimate trade, addressing domestic incident recovery, response, and prevention, managing restoration and response activities.

The plan includes; programs in the supply chain and its prevention, performance measures, private-sector incentives, international standards, implementation milestones, priorities, and schedule. International community programs aim to manage risk and direct tasks towards the highly prone transport areas to reduce vulnerability incidences (Altemöller, 2011). They work well with recovery and response activities in prioritizing cargo and vessels in trade resumption through a layered security protocol outlined by the Department of Homeland security. Such programs include the Container Security Initiative, 24-Hour rule, Secure Freight Initiative, Automated Targeting Systems, D.O.E. Mega ports, Maritime Domain Awareness, Maritime Security regulations, and International Port Security Program,

Key Performance Indicators for these program's effectiveness are the percentage of; assessed ports, annual validations, completed certification, manifest reviews, and scanned containers about various programs, e.g., C-TPAT, I.P.S.P., Automated Targeting systems as outlined in the table below (Department of Homeland Security, 2007).

Comment by Microsoft Office User: See comment above on figures and diagrams. Reconstruct this in a APA table format.

Illustration 2: K.P.I. metrics and relevant government programs (Department of Homeland Security, 2007).

International standards detail the mandatory security regulations and code for coordinating security-related tasks. The main is the I.S.P.S code that primarily defines the maritime transport regulations, while the World Customs Organization provides the framework for coordinating the supply chain security activities. ISO standards such as Publicly Available Specifications outline the supply chain certification and audit in improving security. Among the applicable ISO guidelines are ISO 17712, 18000, 28001, 28003, and I8185.

Strategic Element

2007-2008 marked the most completed milestones part of the strategic elements highlighted in the plan. In April 2007, C-TPAT participants agreed to publish the guidelines starting with Tier-1 then Tier-2 (Department of Homeland Security, 2007). July the same year, Congress presented the initial trade resumption protocols that sought to enhance supply chain security. By December 31, 98% of containers entering the country passed the non-intrusive imaging and radiation monitoring process. In 2008, in January, I.M.O. regulations came into effect that mandated all vessels to undergo long-range I.D. and tracking. On March 31, the same year, assessments of foreign ports indicated an improvement in the anti-terrorism measures. Finally, in 2010, July, the final strategy plan came into effect after its delivery to Congress, showing international supply chain security.

Conclusion

In summary, this strategy traces its origin from Section 201 and 202 of the S.A.F.E Port enactments by Congress. The legislation made the Department of Homeland security the lead security organ that developed its contents and worked with other stakeholders to achieve the overall supply chain security. The program's unified and layered security architecture highlights the importance of cooperation, engagement, and participation of the international community, private sector government (Tribal, State, Local, and Federal) agencies.

Risk assessment and treatment methodologies part of the layered approach ensure the government's proactive nature in improving the global supply chain. The importance of reinforcing other government-related plans such as the National Infrastructure plan is critical in safeguarding 20% of the world's international trade activities, which is an active role the U.S has in its maritime activities. Lastly, like any other strategy, reviewing and scrutinizing plans will ensure that the government's efforts remain at the core of every citizen's desire.

REFERENCES Comment by Microsoft Office User: Match the reference section title to APA examples.

Altemöller, F. (2011). Towards an international regime of supply chain security: an international relations perspective. World Customs Journal, 5(2), 21-34.

Department of Homeland Security. (2007). Strategy to enhance international Supply Chain Security. Accessed on 29th December 2020. Retrieved from Strategy to Enhance International Supply Chain Security (dhs.gov

Manuj, I., & Mentzer, J. T. (2008). Global supply chain risk management strategies. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management.

Tang, C. S. (2006). Robust strategies for mitigating supply chain disruptions. International Journal of Logistics: Research and Applications, 9(1), 33-45.