1pg Method HIV PUBLIC HEALTH PROJECT PART3(FOR KATE TUTOR)

RQ: Is there an association between condom use and HIV? Dependent Variable: HIV Independent Variable(s): Condoms

Null Hypothesis: There is no association between condom use and HIV Alternate Hypothesis: There is an association between condom use and HIV

Statistical Test: (To be determined in Week 7)

Summary of Sources

According to Coates et al. (2014), most people believe that condom use signals mistrust and hence the need to sensitize the importance of protection, including the use of testing and counseling services to increase self-awareness. This study determined that effects of voluntary counseling practiced in communities and HIV testing on its incidence and behavioral and social outcomes through a trial that is cluster-randomized which puts it directly related the current study. Specifically, the study found that condom use is less likely associated with the use of these services in Mozambique due to their inaccessibility and unavailability. In Africa, sub-Saharan, 90% of those in the reproductive age would utilize the testing services if they were accessible and available.

Additionally, Dokubo et al. (2014) is another study specifically important to the current study. The authors found that Rwandan women indicated only a small portion of most who were informed about HIV used protection. They also found that in Tanzania, those who knew condom use prevents the spread of HIV had reduced chances of using protection. In Ethiopia, a study among factory workers who were HIV pervasive reported an increased sexual behavior risk and low condom use, though most knew about the advantages of using condoms to prevent the spread of the infection. Based on the Kenyan health survey and demographic data, sexual behavior was risky and very high among women and men who knew their risk was high and a lack of association between sexual behavior and HIV spread knowledge.

Friedman et al., (2017) investigated the interrelationship between the two among homosexuals and heterosexuals and found that it lacked a solid mechanism evidence of this relationship and concluded that there could be a third factor linking knowledge to sexual behavior. The source proved crucial in determining the bisexual behavior in males with both female and male sexual partners.

Katikiro and Njau (2011) found concluded positive associations on the association between HIV/AIDS and condom. This difference is caused by women being unable to apply that knowledge in their risk assessment upon sexual intercourse and they were reluctant to report that self-assessment risk than men. Close to that, Tyler et al. (2016) established that health survey model used in Kenya, Zambia, and Uganda indicated that awareness of someone’s HIV status led to protective sex, most people were knowledgeable of condom use in HIV prevention, and most had corrected beliefs about AIDS patients.

Statement of the Problem

It is a prerequisite to be informed about HIV and AIDS in recognition of risky behavior, avoidance and changing it, based on the model that reduces the risk, though findings related to the relationship of HIV and condom use have been inconsistent. There is no association between [condom use] and [HIV] with prevalent infection because the recall period of prevention practice was short during the whole study, with a possible reflection of an increased-reporting use, and reduced exposure to the infection among the never-users, resulting from engaging with fewer partners. The Final Project dataset includes a variety of independent and dependent variables. The present study will utilize the following variables: [HIV] as the dependent variable and [condom use] as the independent variable(s). Therefore, this study will examine whether there is an association between [condom use] and [HIV].

Significance of the Study

The importance of investigating the HIV scourge is ultimately to help save lives. A lot of studies have been done all over the world regarding the disease. However, the use of condoms and the relationship that it has on the disease as a whole has not received as much attention because most people assume that it prevents the disease and that is all there is about it. The study will be important to scholars in that field in providing empirical results on the use of condoms. It will also be useful for governments in the world in making policies that are related to the HIV.

References

Coates, T. J., Kulich, M., Celentano, D. D., Zelaya, C. E., Chariyalertsak, S., Chingono, A., ... & Sweat, M. (2014). Effect of community-based voluntary counselling and testing on HIV incidence and social and behavioural outcomes (NIMH Project Accept; HPTN 043): a cluster-randomised trial. The lancet global health, version 2, number 5, e267-e277.

Dokubo, E. K., Shiraishi, R. W., Young, P. W., Neal, J. J., Aberle-Grasse, J., Honwana, N., & Mbofana, F. (2014). Awareness of HIV status, prevention knowledge and condom use among people living with HIV in Mozambique. Plos one, version 9, number 9, e106760.

Katikiro, E., & Njau, B. Global journal of medicine and public health. age, version 4, edition 6. Pp. 7.

Tyler, K. A., Handema, R., Schmitz, R. M., Phiri, F., Wood, C., & Olson, K. (2016). Risk factors for HIV among Zambian street youth. Journal of HIV/AIDS & social services, 15(3), 254-268.