sociology paper

Applied in text：Social policies, economic shifts, globalization affect American individuals and families. Globalization has drawn mothers into paid work force for low wage jobs

Definition：the increasing flow of goods, services, money, migrants, and info across nations of world

Paper idea：How globalization has changed and shaped the idea of life course

2. Individualistic marriage:

definition: A marriage in which the emphasis is on self-development, flexible roles, and open communication

Applied in text: Marriage has started to become a union centered around individual satisfaction and achievements, rather than on the approval from family and friends. This transformation of the union of marriage is a vital concern because “so much depends on it” (Cherlin, 28). Marriage today will affect the well-being of the next generation, the health of the growing older population, and society’s understanding of rewards and success.

Paper idea: How the idea of individualism affect American families.

3. Negative externalities and public families

Definition: when an individual or business makes a product that will benefit from it however, it does not benefit its consumers or public.

Applied in text: occur when an individual or a business produces something that is beneficial to itself but imposes costs on other individuals or businesses.

Paper idea: how externalities applied to the public family

4. modernization theory

definition: the idea that poorer countries would eventually make a transition from traditional to modern in the same way as the Western countries did.

Applied in text: Modernization theorists believed that the Western model of development

was not only inevitable but also beneficial—it was the best path for all countries to

take (Thornton, 2005)

paper idea: How modernization theory’s view of the family remains influential.

5. social institutions

definition: Social institutions bring a combination of intentional and unintentional method of producing and reinforcing ethnic and gender inequalities and the role of certain institutions in shaping black imagery and black marital life 

Applied in text: Social Structure is “the fundamental set of positions that organize society as a whole” where resources and power act as the tools that form the structure. The basic parts of the structure consist of class, race, and gender, and these basic parts allow for the organization of a power hierarchy in society— people are organized into groups based on their levels of power.

Paper idea: How and why family is being “social institutions”

6. emerging adulthood

definition: period between the mid-teens and about age 30 when individuals finish their education, enter the labor force, and begin their own families. 

Applied in text: Most young people made the transition to adulthood quickly in the mid-twentieth century, marrying at historically young ages and having children soon afterwards. Today, this transition has become longer, more varied, and more complex. It's more difficult for adults to achieve economic independence today as opposed to in the past.

Paper idea: the relationship between emerging adulthood and life course.

7. Racial and ethnic groups

Definition: Racial and ethnic groups are socially constructed, rather than reflecting natural, timeless divisions among people

Applied in text: "research investigating racial and ethnic differences in infidelity is mixed, with clear indications that different cultures around the world have different attitudes about extramarital sex" There are stereotypes used to dehumanize black Americans and justify race-based discrimination

Paper idea: How “racial and ethnic” differences shapes and affect families

8. Gender

Definition: the social and cultural characteristics that distinguish women and men in a society

Applied in text: the theory that gender identification and behavior are based in part on people's innate biological differences. gender identification and behavior are based on children's learning that they will be rewarded for the set of behaviors considered appropriate to their sex but not for those appropriate to the other sex

Paper idea: How do gender differences shapes marriage.

9. developmental idealism

definition: the belief that Western-style families and economic development are beneficial for all countries

applied in text:  Thornton (2005) argues that although Western ideas about the family are often opposed or resisted at first, many of these ideas are nevertheless adopted, often in modified forms, because the Western-style family is so closely associated with national development –and national development is seen as the path to prosperity.

Paper idea：how social norms change affects the idea of developmental idealism.

10. Globalization

definition: Social policies, economic shifts, globalization affect American individuals and families

Applied in text: the increasing flow of goods, services, money, migrants, and info across nations of world

Paper idea: How globalization affect family change

11. globalization of production

definition: the movement to the global south of the production of goods and services that Westerners consume

applied in text:  Advances in technology, such as computer-based electronic communication,

along with a lowering of barriers to trade and investment, have facilitated the globalization of production

paper idea: How has the globalization of production done to family life?

12. transnational families

definition: families that maintain continual contact between members in the sending and receiving countries

applied in text:  Mothers (and fathers) who migrate do not make the decision lightly. They do it

to provide their children with financial support for what they think will be a better

life. A restaurant worker in the United States can make as much as a well-educated

professional in many of the poorer countries of the world. Still, mothers may feel

guilty about leaving their children and may have difficulty maintaining an emotional

connection (Dreby, 2010).

Paper idea: How transnational families in USA affect childhood.

13. whiteness

definition: Whiteness is a social construction based on power.

Applied in text: Whiteness studies is the study of the structures that produce white privilege, the examination of what whiteness is when analyzed as a race, a culture, and a source of systemic racism, and the exploration of other social phenomena generated by the societal compositions, perceptions and group b ehaviours of white people.

Paper idea: How whiteness affect families among different social class

14. courtship

definition: Traditionally it was the two couples that were the participants that initiated the relationship, but now over time it is technology (dating apps like tinder) that initiate the relationship

Paper idea: How courtship has changed over time and affect people’s idea of mirage.

15 coercive controlling violence

definition: a pattern in which a man seeks to control the behavior of his partner through repeated, serious, violent acts

applied in text:  This is the type of violence, they argue, that researchers who study shelters or the legal system see. While it affects a much smaller share of the national population than does situational couple violence, its consequences are direr.

Paper idea: how has coercive controlling violence affect mirage.