Nursing community week 2

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Chapter 2: Public Health Systems

Chapter Highlights #1

Public health and healthcare systems as a complex organization of institutions and structures

National and international perspectives on public health structure, function, and outcomes differ by fiscal support and philosophical attitudes concerning health

Chapter Highlights #2

Public health administration as a reflection of health, politics, economics, and social structures

Influences of history, resources, financing mechanisms, interest groups, and environmental conditions on public health

Governmental and nongovernmental organizations and public health

Question #1

Is the following statement true or false?

Nongovernmental organizations use endowed funds or private fund-raising to address the needs of individuals, families, and populations.

Answer to Question #1

True

Rationale: A nongovernmental organization (NGO) is an agency that acquires resources from private (vs. public) sources to help others. A philanthropic organization is one that uses endowed funds or private fund-raising to address the needs of individuals, families, and populations.

Importance of Understanding How Public Health Systems Are Organized

Public health involves organized efforts to improve the health of communities rather than individual people.

The central goal of public health is the reduction of disease through prevention and the improvement of health in the community, both nationally and internationally.

Structure of Public Healthcare in the United States

Governmental Agencies and Public Health

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

State and local health departments

Functions of Public Health in the United States

Healthy People 2020

Funding for the healthcare system in the United States comes primarily from privately owned health insurance companies.

Trends in Public Health in the United States

Health status and its determinants

Utilization of healthcare resources

Expenditures and health

Vulnerable populations and healthcare

Question #2

Is the following statement true or false?

The United States has found the most efficient and effective ways to care for all by decreasing health disparities and giving access to care equally.

Answer to Question #2

False

Rationale: Despite the economic strength of the United States and other industrialized nations, many countries have found more efficient and effective ways to care for all by decreasing health disparities and giving access to care equally.

Healthcare Systems in Selected Developed Nations

Identifying indicators of health

Being committed to providing healthcare professionals and the public with a system that works

Generating policy that allows for the production of positive outcomes

Question #3

The International Council of Nurses is a federation of more than how many national nurses associations?

100

110

120

130

Answer to Question #3

D. 130

Rationale: The International Council of Nurses (ICN) is a federation of more than 130 national nurses associations, representing more than 13 million nurses worldwide.

National and International Public Health Systems

The United States healthcare system includes structures and functions to support assessment, assurance, and health policy related to the health of populations.

Other industrialized nations have found more efficient and effective ways to care for all by decreasing health disparities and giving equal access to care.

Public Health Commitments to the World: International Public Health and Developing Countries

World Health Organization

Refugee and disaster-relief assistance

Multilateral, bilateral, and nongovernmental organizations as international organizations of health

International Council of Nurses

Question #4

Is the following statement true or false?

Bilateral agencies and organizations conduct their services in two specific countries.

Answer to Question #4

False

Rationale: Bilateral agencies and organizations conduct their services within one specific country.