Assignment 1

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This chart contains all the research you need to write the final paper for this course. If you do the research and reading on the religion(s) we study each week, and if you give yourself a good guide to the religions using this chart, you will have a good foundation for that final paper. The more information you provide for yourself with this chart, the easier it will be to write your final paper. Do not forget to provide adequate material for any in-text citations and be sure to include a reference page as well. On the left hand side of the chart are the categories and the content to be discussed. Complete and submit the following chart. Provide citations for any source(s) you used to explain or provide examples for in your research. List in APA Style full references for any in-text citations and source(s) made in the above chart. Use full sentences and correct grammar, etc.

WEEK 2	Provide your response in this column.
· State the name of the Religion being addressed in this chart. · Please address ONLY ONE (1) religion per chart. If there is more than one religion for the week, do two charts.	Janisim
ORIGIN OF ALL THINGS	Provide your response in this column.
Every religion has a cosmology/cosmogony to explain its view of the universe and the place of humans in it. Explain the cosmology/cosmogony for this week’s religion. Explain how it is manifested in the subsequent worldview that develops for that religion.	Jains believe that the universe we perceive really exists and is not an illusion. It contains two classes of thing: jivas - living souls, and ajivas - non-living objects, which include everything else, including space. Nothing in the universe is ever destroyed or created, they simply change from one form to another. Jains believe that the universe has always existed and will always exist. It is regulated by cosmic laws and kept going by its own energy processes. This concept of the universe is compatible with modern scientific thinking. Jains do not believe that the universe was created by any sort of god. The Jain word that comes closest to the western idea of the universe is "loka". The loka is the framework of the universe. It contains the world we experience now, as well as the worlds of heaven and hell. The loka exists in space. Space is infinite, the universe is not. http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/jainism/beliefs/universe_1.shtml
NATURE OF GOD/CREATOR	Provide your response in this column.
In what way does this religion have a God or gods? How does this worship of deity/deities reflect the cosmology of the religion? If the religion has no God/gods, in what way does this absence reflect their cosmology?	Jains do not believe in a God or gods in the way that many other religions do, but they do believe in divine (or at least perfect) beings who are worthy of devotion. This makes it difficult to give a straight answer to the question "is Jainism atheist?" The scholar Heinrich Zimmer suggested that a new word was needed: transtheistic, meaning "inaccessible by arguments as to whether or not a God exists". God and the problem of evil The Jain view of God enables Jainism to explain the evil and suffering that exists in the world without the intellectual difficulties faced by religions that have an omnipotent, wholly good, creator God at their heart. http://www.sanskritimagazine.com/indian-religions/jainism/divinity-jainism/
VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE	Provide your response in this column.
· State how this religion views human beings. What is human nature according to this religion? Why does the view of human nature matter? · If you cannot identify how this religion defines human beings, offer a suggestion as to why it doesn't.	The way the religion views human being is that the soul is the only living substance, which is consciousness and possesses knowledge. Similarly, the soul is invisible. An infinite number of souls exist in the universe. In its pure form (a soul without attached karma particles), each soul possesses infinite knowledge, infinite vision, perfect conduct, unobstructed bliss, and unlimited energy. In its impure form (a soul with attached karma particles) each soul possesses limited knowledge, vision, conduct, energy, and bliss. https://www.pinterest.com/pin/160088961727023907/
VIEW OF GOOD & EVIL	Provide your response in this column.
· State how this religion defines the concept of good and evil. · How does this definition or understanding impact the way adherents to the religion live their daily lives?	Jains have many beliefs about the souls of not only humans but the souls of every living thing in the universe. They believe that humans, animals, and plants have souls and that they should all be treated respectfully, compassionately, and equally. There are many things the Jains believe about the soul which are very different than other religions. Punya is the consequence of evil and paap is evil meaning whatever you do come back to you if you do good you've rewarded the good deeds or if you do harm you’re paid with evil. Moksha is the elimination of everything good and evil. You reap what you sow if you kill someone with a gun, you will get killed by a weapon what goes around comes around which is karma. Karma works without the intervention of any other being - gods or angels have no part to play in dispensing rewards or punishments. By behaving well - so no karma is attracted By having the right mental state so that even if an action draws karma, the correct psychological attitude of the being means that karma either doesn't stick to that soul or is discharged immediately.
VIEW OF SALVATION	Provide your response in this column.
· All religions suggest that human beings are faced with a “problem” that needs to be overcome. What is the “problem” this religion identifies? Is this problem intrinsic or extrinsic for the person? Is it individually manifested or is it a collective problem?	Salvation is achieved through three essential ingredients: right belief, right knowledge, and proper conduct (also called the three jewels or the threefold path of liberation. The way to salvation is compared in Jaina works to a ladder with its two side poles and the middle rungs forming the steps. The side poles of the ladder are right belief and the proper knowledge, and the levels or actions of the ladder are the progressive stages of right conduct.It is apparent that it is possible to ascend the ladder only when all the three, i.e., the side poles and the rungs, are sound, that absence of one makes liberation impossible Right Belief Consists in believing that the Jaina Arhats including the Tirthankaras are the real Gods. https://aboutjainism.weebly.com/path-to-salvation.html
VIEW OF AFTERLIFE	Provide your response in this column.
· What does this religion teach about “what comes next” after all is said and done? In what do adherents of this religion place their hope for any future life or existence? Describe the impact this belief or non-belief impacts the person daily life and the structures of society. With such a view of the after-life, what type of societal structures or institutions would we expect to develop in the culture?	When Jiva is free from all the eight Karmas, he gets liberated Once all lousy karma is shed, one achieves ‘moksa’ and escapes the cycle of rebirth. Moksa is liberation and once completed, one is ready for their place among the gods.
PRACTICES AND RITUALS	Provide your response in this column.
· How do members of this religion “practice” their “faith?” · What ceremonies, or rituals, do they use to help pass this religion on to the next generation? If you cannot identify how this religion is practiced, offer a suggestion as to why it doesn't have any rituals or practices.	Important days in the Jain calendar are called parvan, and on these days religious observances, such as structured periods of fasting and festivals, take place. The principal Jain festivals can relate to the five significant events in the life of each Tirthankara: descent into his mother’s womb, birth, renunciation, attainment of omniscience, and final emancipation. The Jain calendar includes many festivals. Among them is the Shvetambara fasting ceremony, oil, which is celebrated for nine days twice a year (in March–April and September–October) and which corresponds to the false celestial worship of the images of the Tirthankaras. The most significant time of the Jain ritual year, however, is the four-month period, generally running from late July to early November, when monks and nuns abandon the wandering life and live amid lay communities. For Shvetambaras, the single most important festival, Paryushana, occurs in the month of Bhadrapada (August–September). Paryushana (“Abiding”) designates, on the one hand, pacification by forgiving and service with sincere effort and devotion and, on the other, staying at one place for the monsoon season. The festival is characterized by fasting, preaching, and scriptural recitation. On its last day, Samvatsari (“Annual”), alms are distributed to the poor, and a Jina image is ceremonially paraded through the streets. The laity performs a public confession, and letters are sent asking for forgiveness and the removal of all ill feelings about conscious or unconscious misdeeds during the past year. The equivalent Digambara festival is called Dashalakshanaparvan (“Observance Day of the 10 Religious Qualities”) and centers on the public display of relevant text, the Tattvartha-Sutra. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Jainism/Ritual-practices-and-religious-institutions.
CELEBRATIONS AND FESTIVALS	Provide your response in this column.
· Identify one or two celebrations and/or festivals that members of this religion use to express their beliefs in public, or in private. Why do religions develop celebrations and/or festivals? How are these different from practices and rituals?	Mahavir Jayanti (annual) Mahavira's birthday is on the 13th day of the month of Caitra in the Indian calendar, which falls in late March or early April. Mahavira's auspicious birth (kalnayaka) is observed by both Jain sects, the Digambaras ('sky clad' or naked) and Svetambaras ('white clad' or clothed).and in India images of Mahavira are paraded in the streets with much pomp and celebration. Paryushana (annual) This is observed around August or September. This is the oldest known Jain festival, celebrated for eight days by the Svetambaras and for ten days as Dasalaksanaparvan by the Digambaras. Paryushana is a time for fasting and the taking of vows, whereby participants impose restrictions and hardships on themselves in order to keep their minds firmly fixed on religion. Religious festivals play an important part in the Jain community. They provide a focus for communal celebration and an opportunity to show devotion and gain merit.

REL212 WORLD VIEW CHART
This chart contains all the research you need to write the final paper for this course. If you do the research and reading on the religion(s) we study each week, and if you give yourself a good guide to the religions using this chart, you will have a good foundation for that final paper. The more information you provide for yourself with this chart, the easier it will be to write your final paper. Do not forget to provide adequate material for any in-text citations and be sure to include a reference page as well. On the left hand side of the chart are the categories and the content to be discussed. Complete and submit the following chart. Provide citations for any source(s) you used to explain or provide examples for in your research. List in APA Style full references for any in-text citations and source(s) made in the above chart. Use full sentences and correct grammar etc..

WEEK 3	Provide your response in this column.
State the name of the Religion being addressed in this chart. Please address ONLY ONE (1) religion per chart. If there is more than one religion for the week, do two charts.	Buddahism
ORIGIN OF ALL THINGS	Provide your response in this column.
Every religion has a cosmology/cosmogony to explain its view of the universe and the place of humans in it. Explain the cosmology/cosmogony for this week’s religion. Explain how it is manifested in the subsequent worldview that develops for that religion.	According to the buddah, they believe there is no god to explain the origin of the universe, they believe one thing leads to the other that created the universe. Buddahism as religion often see space and time as cyclical system that came into being, in the religion they believe this happens naturally without the intervention of gods. http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/buddhism/beliefs/universe_1.shtml
	Provide your response in this column.
In what way does this religion have a God or gods? How does this worship of deity/deities reflect the cosmology of the religion? If the religion has no God/gods, in what way does this absence reflect their cosmology?	This religion has no God nor gods they have a different meaning for God or gods, from the research I made I found out that buddahism has a different view when it comes to God or gods, they don’t believe God exist they basically believe in their gods through their different deities an example of their deity is tantra, which simply is the use of ritual symbolism and yoga practices to evoke experiences that enable the realization of enlightenment. Another thing I noticed is that Buddhism is sometimes called atheistic religion which is that believing in God or gods really isn’t the point, they believe there is no God, so there is no point to them even if you believe in them because they are not going to do anything for you if you need them. https://www.thoughtco.com/gods-in-buddhism
VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE	Provide your response in this column.
· State how this religion views human beings. What is human nature according to this religion? Why does the view of human nature matter? · If you cannot identify how this religion defines human beings, offer a suggestion as to why it doesn't.	The view of this religion in relation to human beings is that they arise due to certain causes and condition, human believes human beings soul or atman is an eternally existing spiritual substance but buddah don’t believe in that, they believe everything is impermanent which is called anicca. In Buddah human existence is nothing more than five aggregates namely; physical form, feelings or sensation, ideations, mental formations or dispositions and finally consciousness. http://www.religionfacts.com/buddhism/human-nature
VIEW OF GOOD & EVIL	Provide your response in this column.
· State how this religion defines the concept of good and evil. · How does this definition or understanding impact the way adherents to the religion live their daily lives?	This religion is not about judging the good or the evil of human being according to a research but what they are after is the teaching of human pain and sufferings. To achieve these, they talked about desires which they believe is the main cause of been good or evil the sole aim of buddahism is to minimize suffering at the roots by getting humans to reject desires. This believe as helped the adherents of this religion in ways that makes them portray themselves within and outside the religion in a more decent way because they believe it balances their mental and physical wellbeing.
VIEW OF SALVATION	Provide your response in this column.
· All religions suggest that human beings are faced with a “problem” that needs to be overcome. What is the “problem” this religion identifies? Is this problem intrinsic or extrinsic for the person? Is it individually manifested or is it a collective problem?	One of the problem I see in this religion is that most people believe it is not a religion in the real and normal sense but the basic tenet of buddahist teaching is straight forward and nothing is fixed or permanent in life all actions have consequences and finally that they must be responsible for their life.
VIEW OF AFTERLIFE	Provide your response in this column.
· What does this religion teach about “what comes next” after all is said and done? In what do adherents of this religion place their hope for any future life or existence? Describe the impact this belief or non-belief impacts the person daily life and the structures of society. With such a view of the after-life, what type of societal structures or institutions would we expect to develop in the culture?	This religion as taught most of their followers that there after life depends on their present life, that is why most of them live the kind of life they live, in that they believe in the law of karma Buddha reveal a step by step path to lasting happiness. By following this path, anyone can gradually transform his or her mind from its present confused and self-centered state to the blissful mind of a Buddha.
PRACTICES AND RITUALS	Provide your response in this column.
· How do members of this religion “practice” their “faith?” · What ceremonies, or rituals, do they use to help pass this religion on to the next generation? If you cannot identify how this religion is practiced, offer a suggestion as to why it doesn't have any rituals or practices.	The way the members of the religion practice their faith is through some of their different celebrations and rituals and of the them is called Parinirvana day. This is also called Nirvana day; this holiday marks the Buddha’s death. His death is celebrated because his followers believe that by dying, Buddha left the world of physical pain and suffering and achieved enlightenment. Buddha taught enlightenment for 40 years and was 80 years old when he died. Buddha died while in a meditative state and entered nirvana, a state in which he would no longer die and be reborn again.
CELEBRATIONS AND FESTIVALS	Provide your response in this column.
· Identify one or two celebrations and/or festivals that members of this religion use to express their beliefs in public, or in private. Why do religions develop celebrations and/or festivals? How are these different from practices and rituals?	They practice their faith through different celebrations the most important of the celebration is the ‘’WESAK’’ and this is there new year and it is done in April when the full moon is out. It is celebrated to commemorate the death and birth of BUDDAH also to remember how Buddah become enlightened. The way people celebrate this season is by cleaning out their houses and decorating it as well. Dharma is another celebrated day it is done to celebrate the teaching of Buddah, it is said after Buddah as search after his enlightenment to inform his previous disciples of his enlightenment. Dharma Day recognizes the beginning of Buddhism.

REL212 WORLD VIEW CHART
This chart contains all the research you need to write the final paper for this course. If you do the research and reading on the religion(s) we study each week, and if you give yourself a good guide to the religions using this chart, you will have a good foundation for that final paper. The more information you provide for yourself with this chart, the easier it will be to write your final paper. Do not forget to provide adequate material for any in-text citations and be sure to include a reference page as well. On the left hand side of the chart are the categories and the content to be discussed. Complete and submit the following chart. Provide citations for any source(s) you used to explain or provide examples for in your research. List in APA Style full references for any in-text citations and source(s) made in the above chart. Use full sentences and correct grammar, etc..

WEEK 4 (A)	Provide your response in this column.

· State the name of the Religion being addressed in this chart. · Please address ONLY ONE (1) religion per chart. If there is more than one religion for the week, do two charts.	Confucious
ORIGIN OF ALL THINGS	Provide your response in this column.
Every religion has a cosmology/cosmogony to explain its view of the universe and the place of humans in it. Explain the cosmology/cosmogony for this week’s religion. Explain how it is manifested in the subsequent worldview that develops for that religion.	According to Mary Evelyn Tucker and John Berthrong of Center for the Study of World Religions Harvard Divinity School, Confucianism refers to the fact that the universe is viewed as a vast integrated unit, not as discrete mechanistic parts. Nature is seen as unified, interconnected, and interpenetrating, constantly relating microcosm and macrocosm. This interconnectedness is already present in the early Confucian tradition in the I Ching, or Book of Changes, and in the Han correspondences of the elements with seasons, directions, colors, and even virtues. Confucianism indeed has a cosmology which can explain the rise of universe and of the biological lives. It says, "There is Wu-Ch'i which begets Tai-Ch'i which produces Yin and Yang. Then Yin and Yang form Eight Kwa (Trigrams). The Sixty-four Kwa (Hexagram) can then be generated. These Sixty-four Kwa encompasses the entire universe." http://www.chinese-word-roots.org/confuciu.htm http://fore.yale.edu/publications/books/cswr/confucianism-introduction
NATURE OF GOD/CREATOR	Provide your response in this column.
In what way does this religion have a God or gods? How does this worship of deity/deities reflect the cosmology of the religion? If the religion has no God/gods, in what way does this absence reflect their cosmology?	This religion does not believe in God, God existence is not their concern What Confucianism is concerned about is how to live your life properly. To be a good person, to serve your family and your nation. It does not take a firm line towards religion. You don't need to believe in God to be a Confucianist. Nor does faith in God prevent you from being a Confucianist. Confucianist use rituals and sacrifice as means to inculcate values of ethical and social importance for the living. Rituals were used to encourage greater conformity to this natural order. http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/cosmos/irc/temples.htm
VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE	Provide your response in this column.
· State how this religion views human beings. What is human nature according to this religion? Why does the view of human nature matter? · If you cannot identify how this religion defines human beings, offer a suggestion as to why it doesn't.	This religion views human being in a way that most people are not sages, they are miserable, the only way they can be sage is to be benevolent Confucian truly believe in humanity and that humans can become amazing. Confucian believed that humans are teachable, improvable, and perfectible through proper ethical and philosophical training. https://colleenday.wordpress.com/2013/05/10/confucianism-optimistic-view-of-human-nature/ https://reasonandmeaning.com/2014/09/29/confucius-and-human-nature/
VIEW OF GOOD & EVIL	Provide your response in this column.
· State how this religion defines the concept of good and evil. · How does this definition or understanding impact the way adherents to the religion live their daily lives?	According to some interpretations of Confucianism, suffering and evil are inevitable in human life, and can promote learning and growth. A mistake is not a "sin," but an opportunity to learn and do better next time. Empathy for the suffering of others also provides motivation to grow morally, but not all humans are capable of empathy. The most influential Confucian reflections on suffering and the problem of evil come from Mengzi and those who sustained Mengzi's tradition, such as Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming.
VIEW OF SALVATION	Provide your response in this column.
· All religions suggest that human beings are faced with a “problem” that needs to be overcome. What is the “problem” this religion identifies? Is this problem intrinsic or extrinsic for the person? Is it individually manifested or is it a collective problem?	Some of the major problems for Confucianism comes from environmentalism. Confucianism has taken note of its important message and has begun to respond to that problem. Another major problem is the feminist challenge. Even though contemporary Confucianism accepts sexual or gender equality, philosophically significant progress is yet to be made. Another problem associated with this religion is the most serious of all it is the problem of Confucianism’s own survival. Given its loss of state sponsorship, which guaranteed Confucianism’s continuation over long periods in history, Confucianism must now find new ways to continue into the future. www.cpu.edu
VIEW OF AFTERLIFE	Provide your response in this column.
· What does this religion teach about “what comes next” after all is said and done? In what do adherents of this religion place their hope for any future life or existence? Describe the impact this belief or non-belief impacts the person daily life and the structures of society. With such a view of the after-life, what type of societal structures or institutions would we expect to develop in the culture?	The religion does not believe in anything after what has happen on earth as it is not a religion they don’t believe in after life or what comes next after life all their focus is on earth and how to live a decent and responsible life. The adherent of this religion believes there is nothing after life both there is a predominant emphasis on acting selfless during life on earth, alluding to the fact that there is no personal soul after the brain dies. The self is only temporary nothing of the individual prevails after death. Consciousness as an epiphenomenon of physical and chemical processes taking place in the brain and all fail utterly. http://death.findyourfate.com
PRACTICES AND RITUALS	Provide your response in this column.
· How do members of this religion “practice” their “faith?” · What ceremonies, or rituals, do they use to help pass this religion on to the next generation? If you cannot identify how this religion is practiced, offer a suggestion as to why it doesn't have any rituals or practices.	This religion like another do not hail any deity and they do not perform any kind of prayer but is ethical to them to perform rituals at some point in one’s life. Confucionist create rituals which is known as LI and it is called rite also they perform another ritual known as Ancestor Worship. Part of the way the practice there faith once again is by bowing their head down for elders also when they get to peoples house the take there shoes off before entering the peoples house. www.patheos.com http://brockbaker.pbworks.com
CELEBRATIONS AND FESTIVALS	Provide your response in this column.
· Identify one or two celebrations and/or festivals that members of this religion use to express their beliefs in public, or in private. Why do religions develop celebrations and/or festivals? How are these different from practices and rituals?	The birthday of Confucius, which is September 28th. This festival is held each year to pay their respects to the founder of Confucianism. The holiday lasts 10 days. Also, they celebrate the Chinese New Year which is held on the 31st of January, Confucianism go to their ancestor’s graves and give them offerings such as, paper money and paper cloths. Usually food is offered after ceremonies, however, with Confucianism they offer food during the ceremony. https://10cpconfucianism.weebly.com/holidays-and-festivals.html

REL212 WORLD VIEW CHART
This chart contains all the research you need to write the final paper for this course. If you do the research and reading on the religion(s) we study each week, and if you give yourself a good guide to the religions using this chart, you will have a good foundation for that final paper. The more information you provide for yourself with this chart, the easier it will be to write your final paper. Do not forget to provide adequate material for any in-text citations and be sure to include a reference page as well. On the left hand side of the chart are the categories and the content to be discussed. Complete and submit the following chart. Provide citations for any source(s) you used to explain or provide examples for in your research. List in APA Style full references for any in-text citations and source(s) made in the above chart. Use full sentences and correct grammar, etc..
Student Name:
WEEK 4 (B)	Provide your response in this column.
· State the name of the Religion being addressed in this chart. · Please address ONLY ONE (1) religion per chart. If there is more than one religion for the week, do two charts.	Daoism
ORIGIN OF ALL THINGS	Provide your response in this column.
Every religion has a cosmology/cosmogony to explain its view of the universe and the place of humans in it. Explain the cosmology/cosmogony for this week’s religion. Explain how it is manifested in the subsequent worldview that develops for that religion.	Daoism cosmology is devoid of symbolic deities, it focuses on energetic and elemental principles. The basics of Daoism are that in the beginning there was an endless void known as Wu Chi or Tao. As they say Tao is the universal energy where all things emanated. Also, Tao emerges from this cosmic universe. As Tao manifested in the world it got divided into two namely action Yang and inaction Yin the stage of Yang and Yin represents the emergence of duality or polarity. Yang and Yin develop five elements namely; wood, fire, water, metal and earth. Also produced here are the eight trigrams (Bagua) which form the 64 hexagrams of the Yijing (I Ching). This stage represents the formation, out of the initial Yin/Yang duality, of the elemental constituents of the phenomenal world. We can also describe this cosmology as the stage where the descent energetic consciousness into physical was form https://www.thoughtco.com/taoist-cosmology-3182590
NATURE OF GOD/CREATOR	Provide your response in this column.
In what way does this religion have a God or gods? How does this worship of deity/deities reflect the cosmology of the religion? If the religion has no God/gods, in what way does this absence reflect their cosmology?	Normally Taoism has no God beyond the cosmos that created the universe and control it, Taoist believes the universe springs up from the Tao and they guide things their own way, Worship of the deities is the major cosmology of the Taoist as they have no God or gods to worship matter and energy are what govern the five basic movement and the strength and movement wax this over the years. http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/taoism/beliefs/gods.shtml
VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE	Provide your response in this column.
· State how this religion views human beings. What is human nature according to this religion? Why does the view of human nature matter? · If you cannot identify how this religion defines human beings, offer a suggestion as to why it doesn't.	The way the religion view human being is that they believe that when human nature is aligned with the rest of nature, order and harmony are the result. So, they believe that Humans can deviate from the natural order. And when they do so, they bring destruction upon themselves and those around them. Instead of this to happen the only way to encourage appropriate behavior is by modeling it. Human nature according to this religion is that Taoism are intimately connected with the body through sciences and experimentation with diet and chemistry, Taoism had a great influence on the development of traditional Chinese medicine the reason why views of human nature matters to the religion is that humans judge things according to how they see things either good or bad and or maybe ugly or beautiful. http://www.patheos.com/library/taoism/beliefs/human-nature-and-the-purpose-of-existence
VIEW OF GOOD & EVIL	Provide your response in this column.
· State how this religion defines the concept of good and evil. · How does this definition or understanding impact the way adherents to the religion live their daily lives?	According to the Taode jing and Zhuangzi, nature itself is moral, it cares nothing for individuals. The Zhuangzi emphasizes that death is part of a natural cycle, and that illness, death, and misfortune are inevitable aspects of human life. Thus, they are not punishments for misdeeds, or manifestations of evil. What it simply means is that whatever you sow you reap, it does not matter your believe, if you do evil, evil will fall on you and if you do good so does what happens back to you. The way it affects their lives is that they treat others the way they want to be treated, if a Taoist is treated unfairly he or she responds back with goodness and compassion regardless of what has been done to them. http://www.patheos.com/library/taoism/beliefs/suffering-and-the-problem-of-evil http://www.robwaxman.com/id3.html
VIEW OF SALVATION	Provide your response in this column.
· All religions suggest that human beings are faced with a “problem” that needs to be overcome. What is the “problem” this religion identifies? Is this problem intrinsic or extrinsic for the person? Is it individually manifested or is it a collective problem?	The common view of Daoism is that it encourages people to live with detachment and calm, resting in non-action and smiling at the vicissitudes of the world. Contrary to this common view, Daoists through the ages have developed various forms of community and proposed numerous sets of behavioral guidelines and texts on ethical considerations. Beyond the ancient philosophers, who are well-known for the moral dimension of their teachings, religious Daoist rules cover both ethics, the personal values of the individual, and morality, the communal norms and social values of the organization. They range from basic moral rules against killing, stealing, lying, and sexual misconduct through suggestions for altruistic thinking and models of social interaction to behavioral details on how to bow, eat, and wash, as well as to the unfolding of universal ethics that teach people to think like the Dao itself. http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/taoism/taoethics/ethics_1.shtml
VIEW OF AFTERLIFE	Provide your response in this column.
· What does this religion teach about “what comes next” after all is said and done? In what do adherents of this religion place their hope for any future life or existence? Describe the impact this belief or non-belief impacts the person daily life and the structures of society. With such a view of the after-life, what type of societal structures or institutions would we expect to develop in the culture?	Taoist does not believe afterlife exist according to their belief and system. It’s in life that they believe eternal in Taoism. The afterlife is within life itself. They are of the Tao when living and upon death they believe are of the Tao again. They believe they are always eternal within. They believe death on the other hand, is when you are outside of your story. In Taoism, life and death are merely two aspects of reality, the unchanging Tao. Death is simply a transformation from being to non-being, from Yang to Yin. Taoism teaches that humans ought to accept life and death as complementary aspects of the Tao. Death should be neither feared nor desired. http://www.religionfacts.com/taoism/afterlife
PRACTICES AND RITUALS	Provide your response in this column.
· How do members of this religion “practice” their “faith?” · What ceremonies, or rituals, do they use to help pass this religion on to the next generation? If you cannot identify how this religion is practiced, offer a suggestion as to why it doesn't have any rituals or practices.	The way the members practice their faith is towards rituals and these rituals are basically done by the priest. Taoist believe that rituals are the way to bring harmony to many layers of cosmos, rituals involve purification, meditation and offerings to deities. The details of Taoist rituals are often highly complex and technical and therefore left to the priests, with the congregation playing little part. The rituals involve the priest chanting and playing instruments (particularly wind and percussion), also dancing. One major Taoist ritual is the chiao (jiao), a rite of cosmic renewal, which is itself made up of several rituals.
CELEBRATIONS AND FESTIVALS	Provide your response in this column.
· Identify one or two celebrations and/or festivals that members of this religion use to express their beliefs in public, or in private. Why do religions develop celebrations and/or festivals? How are these different from practices and rituals?	The following are few of the festivals and celebrations observed by the Taoist: The Lantern Festival The Lantern Festival is a celebration of the first full moon of the year, and the birthday of Tianguan, one of the Taoist gods responsible for good fortune. On this day, people walk the streets carrying lighted lanterns, and red lanterns of all sorts are released into the sky at various public places. As a tradition of Lantern Festival, people eat Tangyuan, a kind of dumpling made of sweet rice and rolled into ping-pong sized balls and filled with sweet fillings. Eating Tangyuan symbolizes family unity and happiness. Tomb Sweeping Day Tomb Sweeping Day is believed to have originated in the Tang Dynasty, with Emperor Xuanzong. He noticed that there were an abundance of overly extravagant ceremonies and festivals being enacted, in honor of various ancestors. As a way of putting an end to this over-zealous celebrating, he passed a decree which stated that such celebrations could only happen at the graves of the ancestors, and only on one day of the year, Quingming. Dragon Boat Festival The Dragon Boat Festival originated in the Zhou Dynasty, in honor of a man named Qu Yuan, who was a poet and statesman, and a minister to the Zhou Emperor. Qu Yuan was a wise, kind and honest man, who did much to eliminate the corruption rampant in the Zhou court. https://taoismfacts.weebly.com/holidays-and-festivals.html

This chart contains all the research you need to write the final paper for this course. If you do the research and reading on the religion(s) we study each week, and if you give yourself a good guide to the religions using this chart, you will have a good foundation for that final paper. The more information you provide for yourself with this chart, the easier it will be to write your final paper. Do not forget to provide adequate material for any in-text citations and be sure to include a reference page as well. On the left hand side of the chart are the categories and the content to be discussed.

Complete and submit the following chart. Provide citations for any source(s) you used to explain or provide examples for in your research. List in APA Style full references for any in-text citations and source(s) made in the above chart. Use full sentences and correct grammar, etc..

WEEK 5

Provide your response in this column.

· State the name of the Religion being addressed in this chart.

· Please address ONLY ONE (1) religion per chart. If there is more than one religion for the week, do two charts.

Shinto

ORIGIN OF ALL THINGS

Provide your response in this column.

Every religion has a cosmology/cosmogony to explain its view of the universe and the place of humans in it. Explain the cosmology/cosmogony for this week’s religion. Explain how it is manifested in the subsequent worldview that develops for that religion.

Shinto was the only religion in Japan until the arrival of Buddism in the 6th century CE. From then on Shinto faiths and traditions took on Buddhist elements, and later, Confucian ones. Some Shinto shrines became Buddhist temples, existed within Buddhist temples, or had Buddhist priests in charge Buddhist temples were built, and Buddhist ideas were explored. This religion is also known as the way of the Kami, although the roots of the religion goes back to at least the 6th century CE. This religion as no known founder nor sacred texts and no special way of doctrine, Shinto is formative in developing Japanese attitudes and sensitivities thereby creating a distinct Japanese consciousness.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/shinto/history

NATURE OF GOD/CREATOR

Provide your response in this column.

In what way does this religion have a God or gods? How does this worship of deity/deities reflect the cosmology of the religion? If the religion has no God/gods, in what way does this absence reflect their cosmology?

This religion does not really have God but have gods which are called Kami “(spirit)” the gods of Greco-Roman society, the kami are really made in the image of man, with their own shortcomings, weaknesses, sins, and even deaths. The worship of deity by this religion made them believe Shinto includes several ideas of kami while these are closely related, they are not completely interchangeable and reflect not only different ideas but different interpretations of the same idea.

http://www.truthmagazine.com/archives/volume34/GOT034141.html

VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE

Provide your response in this column.

· State how this religion views human beings. What is human nature according to this religion? Why does the view of human nature matter?

· If you cannot identify how this religion defines human beings, offer a suggestion as to why it doesn't.

The way this religion view human being is that they believe all living things exist in the same flow of the river but are experienced in different times and places. The religion believes further by saying human beings are also pure and that Shinto ethics start from the basic idea that human beings are good, and that the world is good. Evil enters the world from outside, brought by evil spirits. These affect human beings in a similar way to disease and reduce their ability to resist temptation. When human beings act wrongly, they bring pollution and sin upon themselves, which obstructs the flow of life and blessing from the kami.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/shinto/shintoethics/ethics.shtml

VIEW OF GOOD & EVIL

Provide your response in this column.

· State how this religion defines the concept of good and evil.

· How does this definition or understanding impact the way adherents to the religion live their daily lives?

Good and Evil are social constructs, morally defined by humanity, rather than by the world or the gods. The ideas closest to the western notion of evil are pollution and impurity, and these are addressed through rituals of purification. Suffering is not regarded as a form of punishment for human behavior, but, rather, as a natural element of human experience. Shinto deities are equally capable of being gentle and loving, or awesome and terrifying.

http://www.patheos.com/library/shinto/beliefs/suffering-and-the-problem-of-evil

VIEW OF SALVATION

Provide your response in this column.

· All religions suggest that human beings are faced with a “problem” that needs to be overcome. What is the “problem” this religion identifies? Is this problem intrinsic or extrinsic for the person? Is it individually manifested or is it a collective problem?

According to Alexander Geig, there are two major problems faced by this religion one is the strong nationalistic, militaristic and ethnic influence reminiscent of its pre-WW2 submission to government interference. He further said that overcoming those aspects is key for Shinto to become a truly approachable religion by all individuals the above aspects of Shinto don’t play a strong role given that the religion is approached more as a nature religion than an ancestor/Emperor-worship one. Another reason will be considered that Shinto as an ethnic religion is originally difficult to establish systematic method of study. There exist no definite understandings as to what the core of Shinto beliefs is or when it was formed.

http://www.kt.rim.or.jp/~n-inoue/pub-eng.files/pd05-coe.htm

https://www.quora.com/What-challenges-do-the-Shinto-face-in-the-modern-world

VIEW OF AFTERLIFE

Provide your response in this column.

· What does this religion teach about “what comes next” after all is said and done? In what do adherents of this religion place their hope for any future life or existence? Describe the impact this belief or non-belief impacts the person daily life and the structures of society. With such a view of the after-life, what type of societal structures or institutions would we expect to develop in the culture?

In the old Japanese legends, it is often claimed that the dead go to a place called “yomi” a gloomy underground realm with a river separating the living from the dead mentioned in the legend of Izanami and Izanagi. This is the believe of the adherent of the religion The Shinto religion teaches that every human has an eternal soul or spirit. After death, it is believed that the spirits inhabit the other world, where deities reside. There is not one other world, but several, including takamanohara (heaven, where the principal deities reside), yomi (the underworld and domain of the divine mother of Japan) and tokoyo (located somewhere past the sea). The other world is neither a paradise where the good are rewarded, nor a hell where the bad are punished. It is very much like this world.

https://classroom.synonym.com/after-death-beliefs-japanese-people-17439.html

PRACTICES AND RITUALS

Provide your response in this column.

· How do members of this religion “practice” their “faith?”

· What ceremonies, or rituals, do they use to help pass this religion on to the next generation? If you cannot identify how this religion is practiced, offer a suggestion as to why it doesn't have any rituals or practices.

The way this religion practize their faith is through different rituals and each Shinto shrine has several major festivals each year, including the festival (Haru Matsuri, or Toshigoi-no-Matsuri, Prayer for Good Harvest Festival, Autumn Festival (Aki Matsuri, or Niiname-sai, Harvest Festival), an Annual Festival (Rei-sai), and the Divine Procession (Shinkō-sai). The Divine Procession usually takes place on the day of the Annual Festival, and miniature shrines (mikoshi) carried on the shoulders are transported through the parish. The conventional order of events in many Shinto festival rituals is as follows:

Purification - this takes place before the main ceremony

Adoration - bowing to the altar

Opening of the sanctuary

Presentation of food offerings (meat cannot be used as an offering)

Prayers (the form of prayers dates from the 10th century CE)

Music and dance

Offerings - these are symbolic and consist of twigs of a sacred tree bearing of white paper

Removal of offerings

Closing the sanctuary

Final adoration

Sermon (optional)

Ceremonial meal (this is often reduced to ceremonial sake drinking)

http://www.world-religions-professor.com/shintorituals.html

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shinto/Ritual-practices-and-institutions

CELEBRATIONS AND FESTIVALS

Provide your response in this column.

The main Shintō rites and festivals are for celebrating the New Year, child birth, coming of age, planting and harvest, weddings, and groundbreaking ceremonies for new buildings. Death, funerals, and graveyards involve Buddhist rituals, not Shintō. Many national holidays in modern Japan are Shintō in origin. Shintō shrines hold regular festivals “matsuri” to commemorate important dates related to the shrine and its deity(s) and to pray for a wide range of blessings such as abundant rice harvests, fertility, health, and business success. The essential meaning of the term matsuri is “welcoming the descending gods” or “inviting down the gods,” for it is believed that Shintō’s heavenly deities periodically descend to earth to visit shrines, villages, and families, and to make their wills known among the people. The timing of this religion equates to the timing of Japan’s Shintō festivals. There are countless festivals in Japan, ranging from public to private, local to national, and official to unofficial. These celebrations are an integral part of Japan’s Shintō traditions, and often include parades, music and dancing, theatrical performances, food and games, and the carrying of mikoshi (portable shrine or palanquin used to transport Shintō deities) throughout the streets. Many localities, hold their own “Fertility” festival, wherein residents carry around large portable shrines that depict the male sexual organ.

http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/shinto-festivals.html

REL212 WORLD VIEW CHART
This chart contains all the research you need to write the final paper for this course. If you do the research and reading on the religion(s) we study each week, and if you give yourself a good guide to the religions using this chart, you will have a good foundation for that final paper. The more information you provide for yourself with this chart, the easier it will be to write your final paper. Do not forget to provide adequate material for any in-text citations and be sure to include a reference page as well. On the left hand side of the chart are the categories and the content to be discussed. Complete and submit the following chart. Provide citations for any source(s) you used to explain or provide examples for in your research. List in APA Style full references for any in-text citations and source(s) made in the above chart. Use full sentences and correct grammar, etc..

WEEK 6	Provide your response in this column.
· State the name of the Religion being addressed in this chart. · Please address ONLY ONE (1) religion per chart. If there is more than one religion for the week, do two charts.	Judaism
ORIGIN OF ALL THINGS	Provide your response in this column.
Every religion has a cosmology/cosmogony to explain its view of the universe and the place of humans in it. Explain the cosmology/cosmogony for this week’s religion. Explain how it is manifested in the subsequent worldview that develops for that religion.	Jewish cosmology, generally known as the Old Testament account of creation, may be viewed as the Hebrew version of the beginning of the world, or universe, but particularly the earth including all things in it. The essential focus of this version is that God is the creative force, or power, and he created everything himself, the God being the Jewish god Yahweh. Hence, God created all things through a series of acts, or methodology described in the Bible. https://www.themystica.com/jewish-cosmology/
NATURE OF GOD/CREATOR	Provide your response in this column.
In what way does this religion have a God or gods? How does this worship of deity/deities reflect the cosmology of the religion? If the religion has no God/gods, in what way does this absence reflect their cosmology?	Jews believe that there is a single God who not only created the universe, but with whom every Jew can have an individual and personal relationship with, they believe that God continues to work in the world, affecting everything that people do. The Jewish relationship with God is a covenant relationship in exchange for the many good deeds that God has done and continues to do for the Jewish People. Prayer builds the relationship between God and human beings when people pray, they spend time with God. To pray is to serve God with your heart by obeying God's commandment. http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/judaism/worship/prayer_1.shtml
VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE	Provide your response in this column.
· State how this religion views human beings. What is human nature according to this religion? Why does the view of human nature matter? · If you cannot identify how this religion defines human beings, offer a suggestion as to why it doesn't.	The way this religion view human beings is that Judaism teaches that a person is neither inherently good nor inherently evil. Every individual is born with two conflicting inclinations. One is called the yetzer hatov, the passive or receptive impulse; the other is called the yetzer hara, the active or aggressive impulse. According to this religion human being are said to be created in Gods way also that God created human in his own image but the interpretation of this is that human being can reason by themselves. The reason why the view of human nature matters is that the human has the capacity to sin, but we rise and are transformed by our differences, the Bible sees humans as integrated wholes. http://old.explorefaith.org/questions.html#faith
VIEW OF GOOD & EVIL	Provide your response in this column.
· State how this religion defines the concept of good and evil. · How does this definition or understanding impact the way adherents to the religion live their daily lives?	Jews certainly do maintain that there is good and evil in the world. But let's clear up some terms first Judaism does not have a single, unified theory about the origin of good and evil. The Kabbalists (Jewish mystics) understood the brokenness of the universe to be the result of shattered vessels that had proven too weak to hold the primordial light present in the act of creation and believe that evil developed from the resulting imbalance in the cosmos. https://chosenpeople.com/site/the-evil-and-good-inclinations-in-judaism/
VIEW OF SALVATION	Provide your response in this column.
· All religions suggest that human beings are faced with a “problem” that needs to be overcome. What is the “problem” this religion identifies? Is this problem intrinsic or extrinsic for the person? Is it individually manifested or is it a collective problem?	One of the problems faced by the Jews is that the, Torah the most cherished holy book of Judaism, is sometimes translated as law but this is misleading. Rather, the Jewish see the Torah as a teaching book that offers ways to more deeply connect to God. Interpretations of these teachings vary between denominations and movements, but many Jews today are looking at the core intent of the teachings of Torah and asking what this means for them in today’s world. http://www.beliefnet.com/faiths/judaism/galleries/
VIEW OF AFTERLIFE	Provide your response in this column.
· What does this religion teach about “what comes next” after all is said and done? In what do adherents of this religion place their hope for any future life or existence? Describe the impact this belief or non-belief impacts the person daily life and the structures of society. With such a view of the after-life, what type of societal structures or institutions would we expect to develop in the culture?	Jews believe that the importance of life is the way in which it is lived on earth. Whatever happens after death is in God hands and should be left to God to arrange. Some scholars claim that belief in the afterlife is a teaching that developed late in Jewish history. It is true that the Torah emphasizes immediate, concrete, physical rewards and punishments rather than abstract future ones. However, there is clear evidence in the Torah of belief in existence after death. The Torah indicates in several places that the righteous will be reunited with their loved ones after death, while the wicked will be excluded from this reunion. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/rs/death/jubeliefrev2.shtml http://www.jewfaq.org/olamhaba.htm
PRACTICES AND RITUALS	Provide your response in this column.
· How do members of this religion “practice” their “faith?” · What ceremonies, or rituals, do they use to help pass this religion on to the next generation? If you cannot identify how this religion is practiced, offer a suggestion as to why it doesn't have any rituals or practices.	Brit milah is the ritual circumcision of boys when they are eight days old. This represents Abraham's commitment to God when he was circumcised. Boys are expected to study scripture and learn to read and write in Hebrew. Because women are considered impure during their menstrual cycle, they are not to have sex for seven days after the bleeding ends. They also perform a special deep bath called mikva after their cycle. Jews also adherreto a kosher diet specified in Leviticus. https://reformjudaism.org/
CELEBRATIONS AND FESTIVALS	Provide your response in this column.
· Identify one or two celebrations and/or festivals that members of this religion use to express their beliefs in public, or in private. Why do religions develop celebrations and/or festivals? How are these different from practices and rituals?	The most important Jewish holy days are the Sabbath, the three pilgrimage festivals (Passover, Shavuot, and Sukkot) and the two High Holy Days (Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur). For observant Jews, it is forbidden to work on any of these days. http://www.religionfacts.com/judaism/holidays

REL212 WORLD VIEW CHART
This chart contains all the research you need to write the final paper for this course. If you do the research and reading on the religion(s) we study each week, and if you give yourself a good guide to the religions using this chart, you will have a good foundation for that final paper. The more information you provide for yourself with this chart, the easier it will be to write your final paper. Do not forget to provide adequate material for any in-text citations and be sure to include a reference page as well. On the left hand side of the chart are the categories and the content to be discussed. Complete and submit the following chart. Provide citations for any source(s) you used to explain or provide examples for in your research. List in APA Style full references for any in-text citations and source(s) made in the above chart. Use full sentences and correct grammar, etc..

WEEK 7	Provide your response in this column.
· State the name of the Religion being addressed in this chart. · Please address ONLY ONE (1) religion per chart. If there is more than one religion for the week, do two charts.	Christianity
ORIGIN OF ALL THINGS	Provide your response in this column.
Every religion has a cosmology/cosmogony to explain its view of the universe and the place of humans in it. Explain the cosmology/cosmogony for this week’s religion. Explain how it is manifested in the subsequent worldview that develops for that religion.	The cosmology of Christianity is simply that God is the creator of the universe and that in whatever situation we find ourselves we should give praises and God is not just the cause of all things, past, present, and future, and he his, the essence of our being. Christian cosmological concept has remained a three-status universe namely heaven above, earth in the middle, and hell below. Even though alternative cosmologies have been suggested to reflex changes produced from scientific knowledge, the main theological concept remains. https://www.themystica.com/christian-cosmology/
NATURE OF GOD/CREATOR	Provide your response in this column.
In what way does this religion have a God or gods? How does this worship of deity/deities reflect the cosmology of the religion? If the religion has no God/gods, in what way does this absence reflect their cosmology?	The way Christianity has their God is by worshiping in different ways either by praying, singing, reading sermon from the scriptures also through different sacraments all this shows how the religion have God by singing it affects our emotions and the lyrics can swell our hearts, causing us to become lost in the experience. Christian praise and worship songs are great tool for helping us feel closer to God. It's not uncommon for people to even pick a church because of the style of its worship music. https://www.allaboutgod.com/christian-worship.htm
VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE	Provide your response in this column.
· State how this religion views human beings. What is human nature according to this religion? Why does the view of human nature matter? · If you cannot identify how this religion defines human beings, offer a suggestion as to why it doesn't.	The Bible teaches that God created human beings in His image, this means that He enables us to have some understanding of Him and of His vast and complex design. Our human nature reflects some of God’s attributes, although in a limited way. We love because we are made in the image of the God who is love because we are created in His image, we can be compassionate, faithful, truthful, kind, patient, and just. In us, these attributes are distorted by sin, which also resides in our nature. https://www.gotquestions.org/human-nature.html
VIEW OF GOOD & EVIL	Provide your response in this column.
· State how this religion defines the concept of good and evil. · How does this definition or understanding impact the way adherents to the religion live their daily lives?	God did not, has not, and will not, cause evil to happen. It is against His very being, that is not to say God will not punish, as just punishment is a good thing. But this does mean that God is not “responsible” for a baby’s death or cancer. The good thing that allows us to freely choose to be with God also allows us to choose evil. Some choose evil in that they simply don’t seek God, while others choose evil in that they actively seek to destroy God’s creation. The definition impact their life in a lot of ways the most important is to love the poor, sick and the sufferings also they despise and cast out https://www.allaboutgod.com/good-and-evil.htm
VIEW OF SALVATION	Provide your response in this column.
· All religions suggest that human beings are faced with a “problem” that needs to be overcome. What is the “problem” this religion identifies? Is this problem intrinsic or extrinsic for the person? Is it individually manifested or is it a collective problem?	Few of the problem this religion face are as follows: The Christian Church is becoming theologically illiterate. Christians are becoming more ingrown and less outreach-oriented. Growing numbers of people are less interested in spiritual principles and more desirous of learning pragmatic solutions for life. All this are really causing problem in this religion lately. This problem are collective problem and needs urgency.
VIEW OF AFTERLIFE	Provide your response in this column.
· What does this religion teach about “what comes next” after all is said and done? In what do adherents of this religion place their hope for any future life or existence? Describe the impact this belief or non-belief impacts the person daily life and the structures of society. With such a view of the after-life, what type of societal structures or institutions would we expect to develop in the culture?	Christian view of the afterlife as its foundation in the teaching, crucifixion, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth, whose birth marks the beginning of the Common Era, Christian beliefs about the afterlife vary between denominations and individual Christians, but most Christians believe in heaven, in which the deceased enjoy the presence of God and loved ones for eternity views differ as to what is required to get to heaven, and conceptions of heaven differ as well. A slightly smaller majority of Christians believe in hell, a place of suffering where unbelievers or sinners are punished views differ as to whether hell is eternal and whether its punishment is spiritual or physical some Christians reject the notion altogether. http://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/afterlife
PRACTICES AND RITUALS	Provide your response in this column.
· How do members of this religion “practice” their “faith?” · What ceremonies, or rituals, do they use to help pass this religion on to the next generation? If you cannot identify how this religion is practiced, offer a suggestion as to why it doesn't have any rituals or practices.	When we live the practices of Christian faith, we join with one another, with Jesus, and with the communion of saints across time and space in a way of life that resists death in all its forms , a way of life that is spilling over with the Life of God for creation, for our neighbors, and for ourselves Christians believe in justification by faith that through their belief in Jesus as the Son of God, and in his death and resurrection, they can have a right relationship with God whose forgiveness was made once and for all through the death of Jesus Christ. Part of the ceremony done by this religion to pass it down to next generation is baptism, confirmation, catechism to say but few all this keeps the root of the religion in the generations to come and makes them deep and much more interested in the religion. http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/beliefs/basics_1.shtml
CELEBRATIONS AND FESTIVALS	Provide your response in this column.
· Identify one or two celebrations and/or festivals that members of this religion use to express their beliefs in public, or in private. Why do religions develop celebrations and/or festivals? How are these different from practices and rituals?	ADVENT SEASON mid-Nov/Dec The Christian year begins with a period of preparation for Christmas. It is time for looking towards Jesus second coming (Parousia). It is a season of expectation. CHRISTMAS 25 Dec - Jan 6 Celebration of Jesus birth this festival emphasizes the INCARNATION the Word/Logos was made flesh and lived amongst us. The festival lasts twelve days and ends with the EPIPHANY Jan. 6, the manifestation of God in Jesus, which celebrates Jesus baptism, the visit of the Magi symbol of Gentiles to the infant Jesus, and Jesus first miracle when he turned water into wine at a wedding feast in Cana. LENT March-April Forty-day preparation for Easter. It corresponds to the 40 days Jesus spent fasting before beginning his ministry. This penitential season ends with: HOLY WEEK begins with PALM SUNDAY, commemorating Jesus entry into Jerusalem. HOLY MAUNDY THURSDAY commemorates the Last Supper and the institution of the Eucharist in Catholic, Orthodox and some Protestant churches. GOOD FRIDAY is the solemn memorial of Jesus' death by crucifixion. EASTER SUNDAY April the greatest of Christian festivals celebrates the Resurrection. Every Sunday is also a commemoration of the Resurrection. ASCENSION THURSDAY May Forty days after Easter, this festival celebrates Jesus ascension to heaven. PENTECOST SUNDAY WHITSUN May/June Ten days after the Ascension 50 after Easter, this festival celebrates the gift of the Holy Spirit to the apostles and other disciples. It marks the birth of the Church. NB: The dates of Easter and, therefore, of Lent, Holy Week, Ascension and Pentecost vary each year. Easter's date is determined by the Passover Full Moon, its extreme limits being 21 March and 25 April. There is variation among Christian communities in the method of determining the date. In Western Christianity it is the first Sunday after the full moon (of Nisan) that falls on or after 21 March. http://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/holidays http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/history/dfg/jesu/festxtn.htm

REL212 WORLD VIEW CHART WEEK 8
This chart contains all the research you need to write the final paper for this course. If you do the research and reading on the religion(s) we study each week, and if you give yourself a good guide to the religions using this chart, you will have a good foundation for that final paper. The more information you provide for yourself with this chart, the easier it will be to write your final paper. Do not forget to provide adequate material for any in-text citations and be sure to include a reference page as well. On the left hand side of the chart are the categories and the content to be discussed. Complete and submit the following chart. Provide citations for any source(s) you used to explain or provide examples for in your research. List in APA Style full references for any in-text citations and source(s) made in the above chart. Use full sentences and correct grammar, etc..
Student Name:
RELIGION(S) OF THE WEEK	Provide your response in this column.
· State the name of the Religion being addressed in this chart. · Please address ONLY ONE (1) religion per chart. If there is more than one religion for the week, do two charts.	Islam
ORIGIN OF ALL THINGS	Provide your response in this column.
Every religion has a cosmology/cosmogony to explain its view of the universe and the place of humans in it. Explain the cosmology/cosmogony for this week’s religion. Explain how it is manifested in the subsequent worldview that develops for that religion.	The cosmos is also identified with the whole created order (khalq) that, according to the Qur’an, comes into existence through the divine creative command kun (“Be!”). For this reason, the term kawn, which is etymologically related to the word kun and which conveys the meaning of engendered existence, is often used by Muslim cosmologists to refer to the whole cosmos. Consequently, one of the terms used to denote cosmology is `ilm al-kawn, meaning literally “the science of the cosmos.” http://islamicus.org/cosmology/
NATURE OF GOD/CREATOR	Provide your response in this column.
In what way does this religion have a God or gods? How does this worship of deity/deities reflect the cosmology of the religion? If the religion has no God/gods, in what way does this absence reflect their cosmology?	Worship is the very purpose of our existence so says the Islam. God declares in the Quran, the holy book of Islam, “I did not create mankind except to worship Me” (51:56). Muslims worship God, the Creator and Sustainer of the universe, out of love and submission. They believe that He is the One God (Allah in Arabic) who is completely unique and only He deserves to be worshipped, Worshipping God is a comprehensive concept within Islam. Along with traditional rituals, such as praying and fasting, it also consists of any lawful action a person does with God consciousness and in the hopes of earning reward from Almighty God. https://www.whyislam.org/brochures/worship-in-islam/
VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE	Provide your response in this column.
· State how this religion views human beings. What is human nature according to this religion? Why does the view of human nature matter? · If you cannot identify how this religion defines human beings, offer a suggestion as to why it doesn't.	According to the Glorious Qur'an human being can be the best and the most perfect creature. As far as our knowledge permits, we recognize, comprehend and identify these beings according to given norms. If we compare man to any form of matter or living things such as plants and animals and so on, we will immediately draw an important conclusion that human beings are better, more intelligent and perfect. If man can cultivate a field and make use of the produce for his own and others' benefit, capture animals, make use of them and extract natural resources for upgrading his life and that of the society, naturally, we know to this result that man is a higher being. https://www.al-islam.org/self-knowledge-mohammad-ali-shomali/status-human-beings-glorious-quran
VIEW OF GOOD & EVIL	Provide your response in this column.
· State how this religion defines the concept of good and evil. · How does this definition or understanding impact the way adherents to the religion live their daily lives?	The Qur'an defines good and evil as acting without the fear of Allah, taking other deities beside Him, serving someone else besides Him and living to please others and to make gains from this earthly life, all this can lead a person into evil. People without faith are passionately attached to the values of this world, which distance them from a good moral life. They always think first about how they can get the most out of life and set this above everything else, which leads them into selfishness, meanness, ingratitude falsity, arrogance, lying, mercilessness and other such negative moral qualities. http://harunyahya.com/en/Daily-Comments/12877/good-and-evil-according-to
VIEW OF SALVATION	Provide your response in this column.
· All religions suggest that human beings are faced with a “problem” that needs to be overcome. What is the “problem” this religion identifies? Is this problem intrinsic or extrinsic for the person? Is it individually manifested or is it a collective problem?	The Muslim world faces the challenges of war, poor healthcare, poverty and violations of human rights, illiteracy, lack of progress, dictatorship, lack of political transparency, ethnic conflict, and regional divisions. Illiteracy is a problem in majority of Muslim countries. We know all these problems are interconnected. The lack of literacy leads to lack of progress, and lack of progress leads to lack of development, which leads to dictatorship, which in turn leads to lack of political transparency, which also leads to power struggles that lead to regional divisions and ethnic conflict. http://icsaweb.org/http:/icsaweb.org/the-most-pressing-issues-for-the-muslim-world/
VIEW OF AFTERLIFE	Provide your response in this column.
· What does this religion teach about “what comes next” after all is said and done? In what do adherents of this religion place their hope for any future life or existence? Describe the impact this belief or non-belief impacts the person daily life and the structures of society. With such a view of the after-life, what type of societal structures or institutions would we expect to develop in the culture?	Islamic beliefs about the afterlife are very important. Muslims believe in the continued existence of the soul and a transformed physical existence after death. Islam teaches that there will be a day of judgment when all humans will be divided between the eternal destinations of Paradise and Hell. A central doctrine of the Quran, and one of the most important teachings of Muhammad, is the Last Day, on which the world will be destroyed, and Allah will raise all people and jinn from the dead to be judged. The Last Day is also called the Day of Standing Up, Day of Separation, Day of Reckoning, Day of Awakening, Day of Judgment, The Encompassing Day or The Hour. http://www.religionfacts.com/islam/afterlife
PRACTICES AND RITUALS	Provide your response in this column.
· How do members of this religion “practice” their “faith?” · What ceremonies, or rituals, do they use to help pass this religion on to the next generation? If you cannot identify how this religion is practiced, offer a suggestion as to why it doesn't have any rituals or practices.	Some rituals are practiced daily, like prayer, others are practiced annually, like those aligned with specific Islamic holidays. The religious practices and rituals of Islam are relatively few in number, but great in importance. The Five Pillars of Islam are five practices regarded by all sects of the Islamic religion as essential to the Muslim faith, and they are as follows: The Five Pillars consist of: Shahadah, Salat, Zakat, Sawm and Hajj Shahadah: sincerely reciting the Muslim profession of faith · Salat: performing ritual prayers in the proper way five times each day · Zakat: paying an alms (or charity) tax to benefit the poor and the needy · Sawm: fasting during the month of Ramadan · Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca http://www.religionfacts.com/islam/practices
CELEBRATIONS AND FESTIVALS	Provide your response in this column.
· Identify one or two celebrations and/or festivals that members of this religion use to express their beliefs in public, or in private. Why do religions develop celebrations and/or festivals? How are these different from practices and rituals?	The following are the major festivals of Islam, Muharram (1 Muharram): The Islamic New Year The month of Muharram marks the beginning of the Islamic liturgical year. Mawlid al-Nabi (12 Rabi 1): Prophet Muhammad's Birthday This holiday celebrates the birthday of Muhammed, the founder of Islam Eid al-Fitr (1 Shawwal): The Celebration concluding Ramadan Ramadan, the month of fasting, ends with the festival of Eid al-Fitr. Eid al-Adha (10 Dhu'l-Hijjah): The celebration concluding the Hajj Eid al-Adha, or the Feast of Sacrifice, commemorates the prophet Abraham’s willingness to obey Allah by sacrificing his son Ishmael. https://www.infoplease.com/calendar-holidays/major-holidays/major-islamic-holidays

REL212 WORLD VIEW CHART Week 9
This chart contains all the research you need to write the final paper for this course. If you do the research and reading on the religion(s) we study each week, and if you give yourself a good guide to the religions using this chart, you will have a good foundation for that final paper. The more information you provide for yourself with this chart, the easier it will be to write your final paper. Do not forget to provide adequate material for any in-text citations and be sure to include a reference page as well. On the left hand side of the chart are the categories and the content to be discussed. Complete and submit the following chart. Provide citations for any source(s) you used to explain or provide examples for in your research. List in APA Style full references for any in-text citations and source(s) made in the above chart. Use full sentences and correct grammar, etc..
Student Name:
RELIGION(S) OF THE WEEK	Provide your response in this column.
· State the name of the Religion being addressed in this chart. · Please address ONLY ONE (1) religion per chart. If there is more than one religion for the week, do two charts.	Sikhism
ORIGIN OF ALL THINGS	Provide your response in this column.
Every religion has a cosmology/cosmogony to explain its view of the universe and the place of humans in it. Explain the cosmology/cosmogony for this week’s religion. Explain how it is manifested in the subsequent worldview that develops for that religion.	The cosmology of this religion is that God is not a mere concept or principle, but Ultimate Reality. True (unchanging) and eternal, He is the Power that has existed and will continue to Exist, it is endowed with Will (Hukam) and supported by a conscious intelligence and unconditional love, all of which serves as the instruments for the fulfilment of His designs and purposes. Karta Purekh, karta means creation and Purekh means consciousness or awareness, therefore, within the Sikh World-view, Existence is Karta Purekh, creation within which the creator is Conscious. http://www.sikh.co.uk/cosmology/index.html
NATURE OF GOD/CREATOR	Provide your response in this column.
In what way does this religion have a God or gods? How does this worship of deity/deities reflect the cosmology of the religion? If the religion has no God/gods, in what way does this absence reflect their cosmology?	Sikhs believe that there is only one God but that this is the God of all religions. No single religion can claim to be the only true way to Waheguru, and different religions are just different ways towards Waheguru. Sikhs, furthermore believe in God, with many names who can be known through meditation his concept is like Islam whose followers believe in a single God who has 99 names. http://www.religioustolerance.org/sikhism2.htm
VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE	Provide your response in this column.
· State how this religion views human beings. What is human nature according to this religion? Why does the view of human nature matter? · If you cannot identify how this religion defines human beings, offer a suggestion as to why it doesn't.	Sikhs perceive human life as an opportunity to merge with the divine will. However, the core problem is that human judgment is occluded by a false sense of self. http://www.patheos.com/library/sikhism/beliefs/human-nature-and-the-purpose-of-existence
VIEW OF GOOD & EVIL	Provide your response in this column.
· State how this religion defines the concept of good and evil. · How does this definition or understanding impact the way adherents to the religion live their daily lives?	God does not inflict suffering on human beings directly, suffering is allowed by God as a test of courage and faith God gave humans free will. Therefore, evil cannot be removed from the world by God, as otherwise God would not be allowing humans true free will. Sikhs are encouraged to work to do good and relieve the consequences of evil. Those who do evil will be punished suffering is valued for the good that it often brings out in humans. Sikhs believe that suffering can draw a person closer to God as people tend to forget God when times are good and turn to God in bad times. https://www.bbc.com/education/guides/z24ky4j/revision/3
VIEW OF SALVATION	Provide your response in this column.
· All religions suggest that human beings are faced with a “problem” that needs to be overcome. What is the “problem” this religion identifies? Is this problem intrinsic or extrinsic for the person? Is it individually manifested or is it a collective problem?	Some of the problem encountered by this religion in the western world is stigmatization by people how people condemn their hair look and the turban used by the follower of the religion.
VIEW OF AFTERLIFE	Provide your response in this column.
· What does this religion teach about “what comes next” after all is said and done? In what do adherents of this religion place their hope for any future life or existence? Describe the impact this belief or non-belief impacts the person daily life and the structures of society. With such a view of the after-life, what type of societal structures or institutions would we expect to develop in the culture?	Sikhs believe in reincarnation, this means that a person’s soul may be reborn many times as a human or an animal. Therefore, for Sikhs, death is not the end. The Sikh sacred text says that the body is just clothing for the soul and is discarded at death. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/rs/death/sikhbeliefrev2.shtml
PRACTICES AND RITUALS	Provide your response in this column.
· How do members of this religion “practice” their “faith?” · What ceremonies, or rituals, do they use to help pass this religion on to the next generation? If you cannot identify how this religion is practiced, offer a suggestion as to why it doesn't have any rituals or practices.	All the Sikh ceremonies like birth, baptism, marriage and death are simple, inexpensive and have a religious tone. They are held in the presence of Guru Granth Sahib and include Kirtan, the singing of appropriate hymns for the occasion, saying of Ardas - formal prayer, and the distribution of Karah Parshad, sacred food, to the congregation. The baptism ceremony called Amrit, is the most important of all Sikh ceremonies. https://www.allaboutsikhs.com/sikh-ceremonies/the-sikh-ceremonies
CELEBRATIONS AND FESTIVALS	Provide your response in this column.
· Identify one or two celebrations and/or festivals that members of this religion use to express their beliefs in public, or in private. Why do religions develop celebrations and/or festivals? How are these different from practices and rituals?	Th following are celebrations or festivals of the religion, Naam Karan. Naming of a Child As soon as mother and child are able, the family visits the Gurdwara. Amrit Sanskar. Sikh Initiation. A sacred ceremony administered by Five Elect Sikhs (Panj Piaray) who initiate a devotee into the Khalsa brotherhood accepting to follow the Sikh Code of Conduct (Rehat Maryada). Anand Karaj. Ceremony of Bliss. Funeral. Following a death, a full reading of the Guru Granth Sahib is commenced. Akhand Paath. The uninterrupted non-stop reading of Guru Granth Sahib. This is performed during occasions marking births, marriages and deaths. http://diversiton.com/sikhism/ceremonies-celebrations-and-festivals/

Assignment 1

The following are the major festivals of Islam, Muharram (1 Muharram): The Islamic New Year

Mawlid al-Nabi (12 Rabi 1): Prophet Muhammad's Birthday

Eid al-Fitr (1 Shawwal): The Celebration concluding Ramadan

Eid al-Adha (10 Dhu'l-Hijjah): The celebration concluding the Hajj

https://www.allaboutsikhs.com/sikh-ceremonies/the-sikh-ceremonies