HIV Paper - due by 11pm tonight!

Category Competencies

A. BIOSTATISTICS Biostatistics is the

development and application

of statistical reasoning and

methods in addressing,

analyzing, and solving

problems in public health;

health care; and biomedical,

clinical, and population-based

research.

A. 1. Describe the roles biostatistics serves in the discipline of public health. A. 2. Describe basic concepts of probability, random variation, and

commonly used statistical probability distributions. A. 3. Describe preferred methodological alternatives to commonly used statistical

methods when assumptions are not met. A. 4. Distinguish among the different measurement scales and the

implications for selection of statistical methods to be used based on these distinctions.

A. 5. Apply descriptive techniques commonly used to summarize public health data. A. 6. Apply common statistical methods for inference. A. 7. Apply descriptive and inferential methodologies according to the

type of study design for answering a particular research question. A. 8. Apply basic informatics techniques with vital statistics and public

health records in the description of public health characteristics and in public health research and evaluation.

A. 9. Interpret results of statistical analyses found in public health studies.

A. 10. Develop written and oral presentations based on statistical analyses

for both public health professionals and educated lay audiences.

B. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES

Environmental health sciences

represent the study of

environmental factors including

biological, physical, and chemical

factors that affect the health of a

community.

B. 1. Describe the direct and indirect human, ecological, and safety effects of major environmental and occupational agents.

B. 2. Describe genetic, physiologic, and psychosocial factors that affect susceptibility to adverse health outcomes following exposure to environmental hazards.

B. 3. Describe federal and state regulatory programs, guidelines, and authorities that control environmental health issues.

B. 4. Specify current environmental risk assessment methods. B. 5. Specify approaches for assessing, preventing, and controlling

environmental hazards that pose risks to human health and safety.

B. 6. Explain the general mechanisms of toxicity in eliciting a toxic response to various environmental exposures.

B. 7. Discuss various risk management and risk communication approaches in relation to issues of environmental justice and equity.

B. 8. Develop a testable model of environmental insult.

C. EPIDEMIOLOGY

Epidemiology is the study of patterns of disease and injury in human populations and the application of this study to the control of health problems.

C. 1. Identify key sources of data for epidemiologic purposes. C. 2. Identify the principles and limitations of public health screening programs. C. 3. Describe a public health problem in terms of magnitude, person, time, and

place. C. 4. Explain the importance of epidemiology for informing

scientific, ethical, economic, and political discussion of health issues.

C. 5. Comprehend basic ethical and legal principles pertaining to the collection, maintenance, use, and dissemination of epidemiologic data.

C. 6. Apply the basic terminology and definitions of epidemiology. C. 7. Calculate basic epidemiology measures. C. 8. Communicate epidemiologic information to lay and professional audiences. C. 9. Draw appropriate inferences from epidemiologic data. C. 10. Evaluate the strengths and limitations of epidemiologic reports.

D. HEALTH POLICY AND MANAGEMENT

Health policy and management is a multidisciplinary field of inquiry and practice concerned with the delivery, quality, and costs of health care for individuals and populations. This definition assumes both a managerial and a policy concern with the structure, process, and outcomes of health services including the costs, financing, organization, outcomes, and accessibility of care.

D. 1. Identify the main components and issues of the organization, financing, and delivery of health services and public health systems in the US.

D. 2. Describe the legal and ethical bases for public health and health services. D. 3. Explain methods of ensuring community health safety and preparedness. D. 4. Discuss the policy process for improving the health status of populations. D. 5. Apply the principles of program planning, development, budgeting,

management, and evaluation in organizational and community initiatives.

D. 6. Apply principles of strategic planning and marketing to public health. D. 7. Apply quality and performance improvement concepts to address

organizational performance issues. D. 8. Apply "systems thinking" for resolving organizational problems. D. 9. Communicate health policy and management issues using

appropriate channels and technologies. D. 10. Demonstrate leadership skills for building partnerships.

E. SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

The social and behavioral sciences in public health address the behavioral, social, and cultural factors related to individual and population health and health disparities over the life course. Research and practice in this area contributes to the development, administration, and evaluation of programs and policies in public health and

E. 1. Identify basic theories, concepts, and models from a range of social and behavioral disciplines that are used in public health research and practice.

E. 2. Identify the causes of social and behavioral factors that affect health of individuals and populations.

E. 3. Identify individual, organizational, and community concerns, assets, resources,

and deficits for social and behavioral science interventions. E. 4. Identify critical stakeholders for the planning, implementation, and

evaluation of public health programs, policies, and interventions. E. 5. Describe steps and procedures for the planning, implementation, and

evaluation of public health programs, policies, and interventions. E. 6. Describe the role of social and community factors in both the

onset and solution of public health problems. E. 7. Describe the merits of social and behavioral science interventions and policies.

health services to promote and sustain healthy environments and healthy lives for individuals and populations.

E. 8. Apply evidence-based approaches in the development and evaluation of social and behavioral science interventions.

E. 9. Apply ethical principles to public health program planning, implementation,

and evaluation. E. 10. Specify multiple targets and levels of intervention for social and

behavioral science programs and/or policies.

F. COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATICS

The ability to collect, manage, and organize data to produce information and meaning that is exchanged by use of signs and symbols; to gather, process, and present information to different audiences in-person, through information technologies, or through media channels; and to strategically design the information and knowledge exchange process to achieve specific objectives

F. 1. Describe how the public health information infrastructure is used to collect, process, maintain, and disseminate data.

F. 2. Describe how societal, organizational, and individual factors influence and are influenced by public health communications.

F. 3. Discuss the influences of social, organizational, and individual factors on the use of information technology by end users.

F. 4. Apply theory and strategy-based communication principles across different settings and audiences.

F. 5. Apply legal and ethical principles to the use of information technology and resources in public health settings.

F. 6. Collaborate with communication and informatics specialists in the process of

design, implementation, and evaluation of public health programs. F. 7. Demonstrate effective written and oral skills for communicating with

different audiences in the context of professional public health activities.

F. 8. Use information technology to access, evaluate, and interpret public health data.

F. 9. Use informatics methods and resources as strategic tools to promote public health.

F. 10. Use informatics and communication methods to advocate for community public health programs and policies.

G. DIVERSITY AND CULTURE

The ability to interact with both diverse individuals and communities to produce or impact an intended public health outcome.

G. 1. Describe the roles of, history, power, privilege, and structural inequality in producing health disparities.

G. 2. Explain how professional ethics and practices relate to equity and accountability in diverse community settings.

G. 3. Explain why cultural competence alone cannot address health disparity. G. 4. Discuss the importance and characteristics of a sustainable diverse public

health workforce. G. 5. Use the basic concepts and skills involved in culturally appropriate

community engagement and empowerment with diverse communities.

G. 6. Apply the principles of community-based participatory research to improve

health in diverse populations. G. 7. Differentiate among availability, acceptability, and accessibility of

health care across diverse populations. G. 8. Differentiate between linguistic competence, cultural competency, and health

literacy in public health practice.

G. 9. Cite examples of situations where consideration of culture- specific needs resulted in a more effective modification or adaptation of a health intervention.

G. 10. Develop public health programs and strategies responsive to the diverse cultural values and traditions of the communities being served.

H. LEADERSHIP

The ability to create and communicate a shared vision for a changing future; champion solutions to organizational and community challenges; and energize commitment to goals.

H. 1. Describe the attributes of leadership in public health. H. 2. Describe alternative strategies for collaboration and partnership among

organizations, focused on public health goals. H. 3. Articulate an achievable mission, set of core values, and vision. H. 4. Engage in dialogue and learning from others to advance public health goals. H. 5. Demonstrate team building, negotiation, and conflict management skills. H. 6. Demonstrate transparency, integrity, and honesty in all actions. H. 7. Use collaborative methods for achieving organizational and

community health goals. H. 8. Apply social justice and human rights principles when addressing

community needs. H. 9. Develop strategies to motivate others for collaborative

problem solving, decision making, and evaluation.

I. PUBLIC HEALTH BIOLOGY

The ability to incorporate public health biology—the biological and molecular context of public health—into public health practice.

I. 1. Specify the role of the immune system in population health. I. 2. Describe how behavior alters human biology. I. 3. Identify the ethical, social, and legal issues implied by public health biology. I. 4. Explain the biological and molecular basis of public health. I. 5. Explain the role of biology in the ecological model of population- based health. I. 6. Explain how genetics and genomics affect disease processes and

public health policy and practice. I. 7. Articulate how biological, chemical, and physical agents affect human health. I. 8. Apply biological principles to development and implementation

of disease prevention, control, or management programs.

I. 9. Apply evidence-based biological and molecular concepts to inform public health laws, policies, and regulations.

I. 10. Integrate general biological and molecular concepts into public health.

J. PROFESSIONALISM

The ability to demonstrate ethical choices, values, and professional practices implicit in public health decisions; consider the effect of choices

J. 1. Discuss sentinel events in the history and development of the public health profession and your relevance for practice in the field.

J. 2. Apply basic principles of ethical analysis (e.g., the Public Health Code of Ethics,

human rights framework, other moral theories) to issues of public health practice and policy.

on community stewardship, equity, social justice and accountability; and to commit to personal and institutional development.

J. 3. Apply evidence-based principles and the scientific knowledge base to critical

evaluation and decision making in public health. J. 4. Apply the core functions of assessment, policy development, and

assurance in the analysis of public health problems and your solutions.

J. 5. Promote high standards of personal and organizational integrity, compassion,

honesty, and respect for all people. J. 6. Analyze determinants of health and disease using an ecological framework. J. 7. Analyze the potential impacts of legal and regulatory environments on the

conduct of ethical public health research and practice. J. 8. Distinguish between population and individual ethical considerations

in relation to the benefits, costs, and burdens of public health programs.

J. 9. Embrace a definition of public health that captures the unique characteristics

of the field (e.g., population-focused, community-oriented, prevention- motivated, and rooted in social justice) and how these contribute to professional practice.

J. 10. Appreciate the importance of working collaboratively with diverse communities

and constituencies (e.g., researchers, practitioners, agencies, and organizations).

J. 11. Value commitment to lifelong learning and professional service including active participation in professional organizations.

K. PROGRAM PLANNING

The ability to plan for the design, development, implementation, and evaluation of strategies to improve individual and community health.

K. 1. Describe how social, behavioral, environmental, and biological factors contribute to specific individual and community health outcomes.

K. 2. Describe the tasks necessary to assure that program implementation occurs as intended.

K. 3. Explain how the findings of a program evaluation can be used. K. 4. Explain the contribution of logic models in program

development, implementation, and evaluation. K. 5. Differentiate among goals, measurable objectives, related activities, and

expected outcomes for a public health program. K. 6. Differentiate the purposes of formative, process, and outcome evaluation. K. 7. Differentiate between qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods in

relation to your strengths, limitations, and appropriate uses, and emphases on reliability and validity.

K. 8. Prepare a program budget with justification. K. 9. In collaboration with others, prioritize individual, organizational, and

community concerns and resources for public health programs. K. 10. Assess evaluation reports in relation to your quality, utility, and

impact on public health.

L. SYSTEMS THINKING

The ability to recognize system level properties that result from dynamic interactions among human and social systems and how they affect the relationships among individuals, groups, organizations, communities, and environments.

L. 1. Identify characteristics of a system. L. 2. Identify unintended consequences produced by changes made to a public

health system. L. 3. Provide examples of feedback loops and “stocks and flows”

within a public health system. L. 4. Explain how systems (e.g., individuals, social networks, organizations,

andcommunities) may be viewed as systems within systems in the analysis of public health problems.

L. 5. Explain how systems models can be tested and validated. L. 6. Explain how the contexts of gender, race, poverty, history,

migration, and culture are important in the design of interventions within public health systems.

L. 7. Illustrate how changes in public health systems (including input, processes, and output) can be measured.

L. 8. Analyze inter-relationships among systems that influence the quality of life of people in your communities.

L. 9. Analyze the effects of political, social, and economic policies on public health systems at the local, state, national, and international levels.

L. 10. Analyze the impact of global trends and interdependencies on public health related problems and systems.

L. 11. Assess strengths and weaknesses of applying the systems approach to public health problems.