literature review , discussion
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CompareContrastassignment-PollutionissuesinIndia1.docx2
Compare & Contrast assignment - Pollution issues in India
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Compare & contrast assignment - Pollution issues in India
1. What articles have similarities in each section below?
a. Methodology
All the articles used statistical techniques to analyze the collected data. Gupta and Dhir (2021) utilized Mann-Kendall test to evaluate the tendencies in air pollutant concentrations over time. To contemplate on potential relations between microplastic quantities and several prompting aspects, Lechthaler et al. (2021) utilized Pearson’s t-tests whereas Sasmita et al.(2022) utilized pair-wise post-hoc Tukey's assessment to approximate the P-value in cluster evaluation. S et al. (2022) utilized concentration indices and Lorenz curves to examine the disparity in air pollution attributed to disease burden across individual states.
b. Findings
Gupta and Dhir (2021) in their study to investigate dimensional and chronological differences of air contaminants they found that the quantities of air contaminants were generally higher in the winter period than in the summer period. Similarly, Sasmita et al. (2022) found that the health effect of PM10 on individuals is 3 to 5 times more in winter times when compared to the summer season.
c. Recommendations
The authors recommend the need to implement and enforce policies to reduce air pollution. Lechthaler et al. (2021) recommends the need for further research on the sources and fate of microplastics in Indian rivers and their potential effects population health and the surrounding. Sasmita et al. (2022) signifys the pollution harshness and the necessity for consideration by legislators to fight city air contamination to protect public well-being. On the other hand, S et al. (2022) recommends the need for coordinated efforts by governments, industries, and civil society to reduce air contamination and its related health and economic impacts in India.
2. What articles have differences in each section below?
a. Methodology
Contrary to Gupta and Dhir (2021) and S et al. (2022) who used secondary sources of data, Lechthaler et al. (2021) and Sasmita et al.(2022) used primary sources of data. Again, Gupta and Dhir (2021) utilized a quantitative research methodology whereas Lechthaler et al. (2021) used laboratory analysis technique whereby the samples were assessed by microscope and partly with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Contrary to that, Sasmita et al.(2022) used a combination of experimental and modeling approaches to achieve its objectives. On the other hand, S et al. (2022) used the Global Burden of Disease methodology to approximation the disease problem relatable to air pollution in each state, which uses epidemiological studies and other data sources to estimate the number of deaths and years of life lost.
b. Findings
Gupta and Dhir (2021) found that the highest concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and NO2 were in industrial areas, whereas the huge quantities of SO2 and CO were found in cities. They also found that the highest quantities of PM10 and PM2.5 were in the winter season whereas the huge quantities of SO2, NO2, and CO were found in summer season. On the other hand, Lechthaler et al. (2021) found that there was more microplastics in places with high anthropogenic influences in contrast to places with a minimal anthropogenic effect. On the contrary, S et al. (2022) found that air pollution was responsible for a significant disease burden in India and was associated with economic losses.
c. Recommendations
Gupta and Dhir (2021) recommend that choice makers and city organizers should explore the main foundations of particulate matter for more effective monitoring. Lechthaler et al. (2021) recommends further environmental sampling to enhance the efficiency of the data by getting more comprehensive data concerning the storing and conveyance of fluvial microplastics within diverse climate circumstances. Sasmita et al.(2022) called for consideration to emphasize on regulating and preventing air contamination in handling health-connected problem due to PM10. On the other end, S et al. (2022) recommends increasing public awareness about the health impacts of air pollution and the importance of reducing air pollution for economic growth and sustainable development.
References.
Gupta, A., & Dhir, A. (2021). Spatial and temporal variations of air pollutants in urban agglomeration areas in Gujarat, India during 2004–2018. MAPAN, 37(1), 215-226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12647-021-00495-5
Lechthaler, S., Waldschläger, K., Sandhani, C. G., Sannasiraj, S. A., Sundar, V., Schwarzbauer, J., & Schüttrumpf, H. (2021). Baseline study on microplastics in Indian rivers under different anthropogenic influences. Water, 13(12), 1648. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13121648
S, S. K., Bagepally, B. S., & Rakesh, B. (2022). Air pollution attributed disease burden and economic growth in India: Estimating trends and inequality between states. The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia, 7, 100069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lansea.2022.100069
Sasmita, S., Kumar, D. B., & Priyadharshini, B. (2022). Assessment of sources and health impacts of PM10 in an urban environment over eastern coastal plain of India. Environmental Challenges, 7, 100457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2022.100457
