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Post 5:

Global health is becoming increasingly important in terms of both global security and population security in the United States. It is vital to think about health in a global framework as the globe and its economies become increasingly globalized, including substantial international travel and business. 

In the case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by a novel coronavirus currently known as SARS-CoV-2, the past is repeated on a far greater scale following Ebola (Nakatani et al., 2020). The WHO Country Office in China was notified on December 31, 2019, that cases of pneumonia of unknown cause had been discovered in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China (Nakatani et al., 2020). 

This is a natural outcome of a globalized world in which commodities and people move at unprecedented scales and speeds. Since the turn of the century, global outbreaks have occurred approximately every five years: the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) outbreak in Asia in 2003, the H1N1 (influenza virus A/H1N1) pandemic in 2009, the Ebola outbreak in West Africa in 2001, and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 (Nakatani et al., 2020). 

The worldwide economy has taken a huge hit as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) forecasting a 3.9 percent reduction in global median GDP from 2019 to 2020, the worst downturn since the Great Depression (Economic Impact of COVID-19 on PEPFAR Countries, 2022). The global economy was predicted to increase last year, in 2021, as countries began to reopen and vaccines became accessible, though still below pre-pandemic estimates, and recovery has been unequal across countries and regions (Economic Impact of COVID-19 on PEPFAR Countries, 2022). 

COVID-19 has revealed ongoing inequities based on income, age, race, gender, and region. Despite recent improvements in global health, individuals around the world continue to face complex, interwoven dangers to their health and well-being rooted in social, economic, political, and environmental factors (The Impact of COVID-19 on Global Health Goals, 2021). 

The pandemic has also exposed major flaws in country's health-information systems. While high-resource settings have experienced issues such as capacity constraints and fragmentation, weaker health systems risk compromising decades of hard-won health and development benefits (The Impact of COVID-19 on Global Health Goals, 2021). 

The unique character of multidisciplinary collaborations, which have the capacity to reach disproportionally affected populations or those with chronic issues of mistrust in the healthcare system, is a significant strength of our framework for mobilizing health care through community involvement (Epps, 2021). Many of the health inequities exacerbated by the COVID-19 epidemic can be addressed by using key influencers and community partners. People with low literacy (and limited healthcare literacy) require culturally competent, relevant information as well as the capacity to provide feedback to a trusted community adviser who can help support healthcare behavior improvements (Epps, 2021). 

 

References 

Economic Impact of COVID-19 on PEPFAR Countries. (2022, February 7). KFF; www.kff.org.  https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/issue-brief/economic-impact-of-covid-19-on-pepfar-countries/#:~:text=Key%20Facts,downturn%20since%20the%20Great%20Depression . 

 

Epps, F. (2021, April 1). A Framework for Mobilizing Health Care to Respond to the Community Within the COVID-19 Pandemic. A Framework for Mobilizing Health Care to Respond to the Community Within the COVID-19 Pandemic; www.cdc.gov.  https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2021/20_0572.htm  

 

Nakatani, H., Katsuno, K., & Urabe, H. (2020, September 15). Global health landscape challenges triggered by COVID-19 - Inflammation and Regeneration. BioMed Central; inflammregen.biomedcentral.com.  https://inflammregen.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41232-020-00144-5  

 

The impact of COVID-19 on global health goals. (2021, May 20). The Impact of COVID-19 on Global Health Goals; www.who.int.  https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-global-health-goals  

Post 6:

According to World Health Organization, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is still in the top ten health issues in the globe. Thirty-three million people are infected with HIV; including, one million people in the United States. There are 68% of adults and 53% of children infected with HIV who are receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the globe (WHO, 2020). HIV is a virus that attacks cells in the immune system and can transmit by body fluids. HIV destroys white blood cells called CD4 cells (WHO, 2020). Therefore, the person infected with HIV has a high risk of easily getting any infection due to weakening immunity. Antiretroviral therapy is a choice of treatment for HIV. With HIV being treated, the person can live a healthy and long life with treatment; however, HIV is a life-long condition.

With underprivileged health care systems in developing countries especially in Africa, shortage of essential medical professionals is one of the major health care problems due to various economical and regulatory factors. Hence for HIV treatment, excessive workload and burnout of medical workers further worsen this problem. With a burden for increased cases of diseases; such as tuberculosis (TB), malnutrition, diarrhea, meningitis, and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), in the context of opportunistic HIV-related infections suggests that programmed prevention, care, and treatment must be changed in order to react to new scenarios (Tawfik & Kinoti, 2006).

Health care delivery systems work collaboratively by educating people about risk factors, transmissions, screening, preventions, and treatment for HIV. Also, there is the President’s Emergency Plan For AIDS Reliefs (PREFAR) program to support HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment in developing countries (CDC, 2021). Also, funding agencies actively work in the developing countries with lower Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to screening, prevention, and care for HIV.

Reference:

Centers for disease control and prevention. (2021, April 13). PEPFAR - For fifteen years, CDC played a critical role in PEPFAR's effort. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/globalhivtb/who-we-are/pepfar15/PEPFAR15.html

Tawfik, L., & Kinoti, S. (2006, March). The impact of HIV/AIDS on the health workforce in developing countries. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/hrh/documents/Impact_of_HIV.pdf

World Health Organization. (2020, November 30). HIV/AIDS. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids