Deductive and inductive
Dariix
CommonDeductiveArgumentForms.docxCommon Deductive Argument Forms
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Valid Form |
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Invalid Cousin |
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Modus Ponens |
If P, then Q. P. __________ Q.
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Affirming the Consequent |
If P, then Q. Q. __________ P. |
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Modus Tollens |
If P, then Q. Not-Q. ___________ Not-P.
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Denying the Antecedent |
If P, then Q. Not-P. __________ Not-Q. |
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Disjunctive Syllogism
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Either P or Q. Not-P. _____________ Q.
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Dysfunctional Syllogism (Inclusive ‘or’) |
Either P or Q. Q. ____________ Not-P. |
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Hypothetical Syllogism |
If P, then Q. If Q, then R. _____________ If P, then R.
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Illegitimate Syllogism |
If P, then Q. If R, then Q. __________ If P, then R. |
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Dilemma |
Either P or Q. If P, then R. If Q, then R. ___________ R.
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False Dichotomy |
Either P or Q (or S). If P, then R. If Q, then R. __________ R. |
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Contraposition |
If P, then Q. ___________ If not-Q, then not-P.
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Conversion |
If P, then Q. __________ If Q, then P. |
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Simplification |
P and Q. _______ P.
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Conjunction |
P. ________ P and Q. |
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Addition |
P. _______ P or Q.
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Subtraction |
P or Q. ________ P.
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