Communication Theory Today (CTT)
Today’s Agenda
Chapter 6: Culture
Minute Poll
Topic 1: Culture Defined
Topic 2: Learning Culture
Topic 3: Organizational Culture
Introduce CTT Essay
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Ch. 6: Culture & Communication
COM 2801: Introduction to Communication
Fall 2021
Describe This Culture
Where was the picture taken? What leads you to that assumption?
What are the people like/what are they doing inside this establishment? What leads you to this assumption?
MINUTE POLL: https://forms.gle/GSKi7cJBGE7wfvmHA
We make judgments based on cultural artifacts
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1. Culture Defined
First defined by English Anthropologist Edward B. Tylor in 1871:
Culture is “that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs, and any other capabilities and habit acquired by man as a member of society.”
Simply put: Culture is a set of shared beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors that distinguish one group from another.
In-group v. Out-group
Co-cultures
Intercultural Communication: How people from one group interact with individuals from another group
Difficulties/differences encountered
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We Transact Culture
A scientist is running an experiment and has locked 5 monkeys in a cage. At the top of the cage hangs some bananas. Inside the cage and directly underneath the bananas, there is a ladder. Immediately, one of the monkeys races towards the ladder to climb it and grab the bananas. However, as soon as the monkey started to climb, the scientist sprays that monkey as well as the other four monkeys with ice water. Then a second monkey tries to climb the ladder. Same result, all of the monkeys get sprayed. This same process continues until all five monkeys have attempted to climb the ladder and all monkeys have been sprayed for each attempt. The scientist then replaces one of the veteran monkeys with a newbie. As soon as the new monkey walks towards the ladder, the other four monkeys jump him and beat him up. The scientist then replaces a second monkey. As soon as the second new monkey walks towards the ladder, he is beat up by all the monkeys in the cage – including the first replacement monkey that had never been exposed to the cold water treatment. This process continues until the 5th replacement monkey is put in the cage. He runs towards the bananas and gets beat up by the other four monkeys. The 5th monkey then asks, “why do you beat me up when I try to get the bananas?” The other four monkeys look at one another, shrug their shoulders, and say “Don’t know. But that’s the way we do things around here.”
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2. Learning Culture
Occurs via transaction and performance
Culture is not necessarily geographical
Harold Garfinkel
Ethnomethodology:
Make rules explicit by ignoring them
Make mistakes on purpose
When you think you’ve figured out a group’s “rule” (e.g., traditions, words, mannerisms, phrases), you will be able to test it by the reaction you get when you don’t follow the rule
Ex. Physical violence over talking when in conflict
Teamsterville (working-class community in Chicago) – man’s communication style
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Studying Cultures
How do we know what the values of different cultures are?
What is your reaction to Timothy’s ‘culture’?
How do we make sure we have represented the culture accurately?
Ethnocentrism/Ethnocentric Bias (Deficit Theory): Measures a culture in terms of the culture of the one doing the measuring.
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3. Organizational Culture
The connective tissue knitting together an organization’s people so they can succeed in the face of challenges and opportunities
Organizational culture comes from:
Vision and imagination of organizational founders
Organization’s core values and mission
Assumptions about people and work
Interpersonal interactions
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How would you describe Google’s culture?
What is the purpose of all the perks?
How does the organizational culture influence employee interactions?
How do employee interactions influence the organizational culture?
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Communication Theory Today (CTT)
Guidelines are live on Blackboard
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Lecture Wrap
Culture is transacted: we learn from exposure
We enact culture: Ex. Teamsterville
Be careful of ethnocentric biases: Just because it is different doesn’t mean it’s weird
Organizations have cultural structures just as society does
W: Miner – The Body Ritual of the Nacirema
Cross and intercultural communication
Ethnocentrism/Number One Mentality
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