Communication Theory Today (CTT)

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COM2801_Ch.6-CultureandCommunicationforBB.pptx2.pptx

Today’s Agenda

Chapter 6: Culture

Minute Poll

Topic 1: Culture Defined

Topic 2: Learning Culture

Topic 3: Organizational Culture

Introduce CTT Essay

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Ch. 6: Culture & Communication

COM 2801: Introduction to Communication

Fall 2021

Describe This Culture

Where was the picture taken? What leads you to that assumption?

What are the people like/what are they doing inside this establishment? What leads you to this assumption?

MINUTE POLL: https://forms.gle/GSKi7cJBGE7wfvmHA

We make judgments based on cultural artifacts

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1. Culture Defined

First defined by English Anthropologist Edward B. Tylor in 1871:

Culture is “that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs, and any other capabilities and habit acquired by man as a member of society.”

Simply put: Culture is a set of shared beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors that distinguish one group from another.

In-group v. Out-group

Co-cultures

Intercultural Communication: How people from one group interact with individuals from another group

Difficulties/differences encountered

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We Transact Culture

A scientist is running an experiment and has locked 5 monkeys in a cage. At the top of the cage hangs some bananas. Inside the cage and directly underneath the bananas, there is a ladder. Immediately, one of the monkeys races towards the ladder to climb it and grab the bananas. However, as soon as the monkey started to climb, the scientist sprays that monkey as well as the other four monkeys with ice water. Then a second monkey tries to climb the ladder. Same result, all of the monkeys get sprayed. This same process continues until all five monkeys have attempted to climb the ladder and all monkeys have been sprayed for each attempt. The scientist then replaces one of the veteran monkeys with a newbie. As soon as the new monkey walks towards the ladder, the other four monkeys jump him and beat him up. The scientist then replaces a second monkey. As soon as the second new monkey walks towards the ladder, he is beat up by all the monkeys in the cage – including the first replacement monkey that had never been exposed to the cold water treatment. This process continues until the 5th replacement monkey is put in the cage. He runs towards the bananas and gets beat up by the other four monkeys. The 5th monkey then asks, “why do you beat me up when I try to get the bananas?” The other four monkeys look at one another, shrug their shoulders, and say “Don’t know. But that’s the way we do things around here.”

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2. Learning Culture

Occurs via transaction and performance

Culture is not necessarily geographical

Harold Garfinkel

Ethnomethodology:

Make rules explicit by ignoring them

Make mistakes on purpose

When you think you’ve figured out a group’s “rule” (e.g., traditions, words, mannerisms, phrases), you will be able to test it by the reaction you get when you don’t follow the rule

Ex. Physical violence over talking when in conflict

Teamsterville (working-class community in Chicago) – man’s communication style

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Studying Cultures

How do we know what the values of different cultures are?

What is your reaction to Timothy’s ‘culture’?

How do we make sure we have represented the culture accurately?

Ethnocentrism/Ethnocentric Bias (Deficit Theory): Measures a culture in terms of the culture of the one doing the measuring.

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3. Organizational Culture

The connective tissue knitting together an organization’s people so they can succeed in the face of challenges and opportunities

Organizational culture comes from:

Vision and imagination of organizational founders

Organization’s core values and mission

Assumptions about people and work

Interpersonal interactions

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Google

How would you describe Google’s culture?

What is the purpose of all the perks?

How does the organizational culture influence employee interactions?

How do employee interactions influence the organizational culture?

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Communication Theory Today (CTT)

Guidelines are live on Blackboard

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Lecture Wrap

Culture is transacted: we learn from exposure

We enact culture: Ex. Teamsterville

Be careful of ethnocentric biases: Just because it is different doesn’t mean it’s weird

Organizations have cultural structures just as society does

W: Miner – The Body Ritual of the Nacirema

Cross and intercultural communication

Ethnocentrism/Number One Mentality

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