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COM-227-R1902PublicRelations21EW1-10202021-455PM.zip

Module One The Makings of the Contemporary PR Industry.html

Learning Objectives

  • Analyze the impact of historical events on contemporary practice in public relations (PR)
  • Analyze the differences between public relations and marketing
  • Analyze public relations and its function in assisting in the management of organizations
  • Examine the public relations planning process and how it relates to public relations as a management function

Reading and Resources

Textbook: This is PR: The Realities of Public Relations, Chapters 1 and 2 As you read, consider the following questions:

  • What are key moments from the field’s history that have impacted the current practice of public relations (PR)?
  • What are key tenets of modern-day PR practice?
  • Why does the field have the public perception it does?

Article: What Is Public Relations? PRSA’s Widely Accepted Definition In 2012, PRSA led an industry-wide international effort to create a modern definition of public relations. A crowdsourcing campaign and public vote produced this new definition. This resource supports this module’s journal. Blog: What is PR? Marketing vs. Public Relations - The Final Showdown This blog post from the “New Professionals” section on PRSA’s website outlines the differences between marketing and public relations. This resource supports this module’s journal. Website: Public Relations: The Process This website provides a brief overview of the four-step planning process used in PR. This resource supports this module’s journal.

Module Overview.html

This course will introduce you to the evolution and ethical practice of modern-day public relations (PR) as a foundation for future classes, and potentially, a career. It is an exciting time to explore this ever-changing industry, not only because of the continuous communication advances, but also the strong demand for professionals. Organizations including corporations, nonprofits, governments, and religious institutions, wrestle with our constantly changing world and external environment forces, such as economic shifts, global competition, security concerns, and the powerful voice of popular opinion (Seitel, 2011). With the field’s heightened stature, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projected a 12% growth in PR positions between 2012 and 2022, with an additional 27,400 jobs needing to be filled during this time (U.S. News, 2015).

Defining Public Relations (PR)

According to the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA) (1982):

Public relations serves a wide variety of institutions in society such as businesses, trade unions, government agencies, voluntary associations, foundations, hospitals, schools, colleges and religious institutions. To achieve their goals, these institutions must develop effective relationships with many different audiences, such as employees, members, customers, local communities, shareholders and other institutions, and society at large. (p.1)

Or as Kate James, chief communications officer for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, said in her speech, The Business of Changing the World, Video when companies look to PR professionals, they are not asking only for communications insights—they are looking for an understanding of the world in which they operate (James, 2013).

Along with persistent myths of PR and a common confusion with marketing, there are many definitions of PR as a field. Seitel (2011), a highly respected PR veteran and academic, defined public relations as a “planned process to influence public opinion, throughout sound character and proper performance, based on mutually satisfactory two-way communication” (p. 4). Comparing this concept to the definition of marketing sheds light on 2 COM 227 Module One core differences as well common interests. Marketing can be defined as “the management function that identifies human needs and wants, offers products and services to satisfy those demands, and causes transactions that deliver products and services to users in exchange for something of value to the provider” (Lingwall, 2013, slide 10). It is important to recognize that marketing and PR are two distinct fields, even though both are management functions critical to the long-term success of an organization and often are partners in achieving organizational goals.

In this course, you will study and implement the four-step industry-standard planning process, mentioned by Seitel (2011) in his definition of PR. These four steps include: research, planning, implementation, and evaluation, or commonly abbreviated as RPIE (Seitel, 2011). Additionally, you will learn and demonstrate knowledge of the required writing style of the profession: Associated Press (AP) style.

The History of Public Relations (PR)

With so much confusion on the practice of PR, the first step in building foundational knowledge of the field is to gain a clear understanding of what PR is and is not. It is also important to recognize the path it has taken to get where it is today. Survey results from a global communications firm illustrated the common misunderstandings of the field, with the majority of respondents identifying the practice of PR as marketing/advertising or of spin/propaganda (Topline Comms, 2013).

In this module, you will focus on the history of PR and how it has impacted both the contemporary field and the perception of the field. Understanding the field’s origins provides insights into its function and purpose in society. You will explore the PR role in organizations, and learn firsthand how to approach projects in this field in an intentional and strategic manner.

Over the past century, the PR practice has evolved into a planned process as part of an organization’s problem solving and change practices. In this module, you will be introduced to the connection between PR effectiveness and the four-step planning process. According to McGraw Hill Higher Education (2004), “understanding and developing the ability to implement an effective public relations plan is essential to progression from entry-level public relations practitioner to a top-level public relations manager” (para.1).

The history of the PR field provides a new lens for students to understand the need for, and the importance of, the PR codes of ethics and PR actions based in the social sciences, rather than on singular opinion or intuition. In Module Two, you will explore professional COM 227 Module One 3 ethical codes, as well as take a deeper look at the first step in the planning process: research.

References

James, K. (2013) The business of changing the world—IPR 52nd Annual Distinguished Lecture [Video file].

The Institute for Public Relations. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hk7p4T8tnwM

Lingwall, A. (2013). Cutlip & Center's effective public relations: Chapter 1 introduction to contemporary public relations [PowerPoint slides]. McGraw Hill Higher Education. (2004). Public relations: The profession and the practice. Retrieved from

http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072424028/student_view0/part2/chapter6/index.html

Public Relations Society of America. (1982,Nov. 6). Official statement on public relations. Retrieved from

http://www.prsa.org/aboutprsa/publicrelationsdefined/documents/official%20statement%20on%20publi c%20relations.pdf

Seitel, F. (2011). The practice of public relations (11th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Retrieved from

http://toplinecomms.com/blog/2013/06/survey-reveals-pr-industry-could-do-with-a-littlepr-itself .

U.S. News and World Report. (2015). Best creative jobs: Public relations specialist. Retrieved from

http://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/public-relations-specialist

1-3 Final Projects Review (Non-graded).html

The final project will require you to use the four-step process: research, planning, implementation, and evaluation. You will research the field of public relations and plan the development of a public relations presentation. You will then use the last two steps of the four-step process: implementation and evaluation. You will develop a presentation designed to educate employees of an organization on the history and ethics of public relations and how they inform the modern practice of the profession. You will also include an evaluation of your presentation in your submission. Review the Final Project Guidelines and Rubric PDF document and post any questions to the General Questions discussion.

Course Documents/COM 227 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric.pdf

COM 227 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric

Overview This course offers you an introduction to the field of public relations. You will develop a foundational basis around the history and ethics of the field, while also exploring what constitutes public relations in a more modern context. You will also become acquainted with the foundational best practices used in public relations and develop the fundamental writing skills required in the field. This course will help you become more acquainted with what public relations is, and learn how to convey that to others in a professional presentation.

The final project for this course is the creation and evaluation of a public relations campaign for a field or industry of your choice. The final product represents an authentic demonstration of competency because it is common practice to create and evaluate public relations campaigns. The final project focuses on using the four step public relations plan (research, planning, implementation, and evaluation). You will work on each step throughout the course to create a final plan.

The project is divided into two milestones, which will be submitted at various points throughout the course to scaffold learning and ensure quality final submissions. These milestones will be submitted in Modules Three and Five. The final product will be submitted in Module Seven.

In this assignment, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following course outcomes:

 COM-227-01: Explain how the history of the public relations field influences the contemporary practice of the profession  COM-227-02: Determine an approach to addressing ethical issues in public relations supported by the professional ethics code in public relations  COM-227-03: Develop engaging work appropriate to the field of public relations that accurately reflects AP writing style and best practices  COM-227-04: Utilize the four-step public relations process for informing the development of public relations projects

Prompt

Specifically, you must address the critical elements listed below. Most of the critical elements align with a particular course outcome (shown in brackets).

I. Research: For this part of the summative assessment, you will perform the first step of the four-step public relations process, research. You will describe the best practices and appropriate ethical practices in public relations in your presentation.

A. Create at least two slides that provide an overview of how the professional ethics code in public relations guides decision making on conflicts of interest using examples from the ethics code and connecting them to the field you have selected. [COM-227-02]

B. Create at least two slides that provide an overview of how the professional ethics code in public relations guides decision making regarding competition among public relations professionals using examples from the ethics code and materials presented in the course. [COM-227-02]

1

C. Create at least two slides that provide an overview of how the professional ethics code in public relations guides decision making regarding the protection and advancement of accurate and truthful information using examples from the ethics code and materials presented in the course, these should connect to the type of industry you have selected. [COM-227-02]

D. Discusses best practices for creating presentations in public relations. The notes section should be used, and sources should be properly cited. [COM-227-03]

II. Planning: For this part of the summative assessment, you will perform the second step of the four-step public relations process, planning. You will provide an overview regarding the history of public relations and how it exists today for the industry you have selected. Your slides will be tailored to the audience of that industry.

A. Create three slides, in your presentation, that discuss the history of PR for your industry, include any major milestones, and how the field uses PR today. [COM-227-04]

B. Explains what research was found to support ethics and best practices. The notes section should be used and references provided. [COM- 227-04]

C. The presentation must reflect information for your target audience. [COM-227-03]

III. Implementing: For this part of the summative assessment, you will perform the third step of the four-step public relations process, implementing. You will create your public relations presentation that contains historical content meant to educate the audience about the history of the field and how it exists today. In your presentation you must:

A. Review your overview of the history of public relations including critical milestones and how the field has grown over time. Does any new information need to be added/changed?

B. Explain the idea of modern public relations. Be sure to support your response with evidence from the course or research. For example, how is public relations viewed today in this field? How is social media used in public relations? This should be at least two slides. [COM-227-01]

C. Explain how the history of the field has influenced the perceptions of the practice today. Be sure to support your response with evidence from the course or research. For example, how has the past behavior of professionals in the field influenced the perception of modern public relations? Include at least two slides that discuss how PR is used in this field today. What is the preferred strategy and why is it effective. [COM-227-01]

D. Determine an approach that could be used in addressing ethical issues regarding public relations. Be sure to support your response with evidence from your research and your plan. This could include crisis, violation of policy, development of new technology, etc. [COM-227-02]

E. Utilize best practices and AP writing style throughout your presentation and speaker notes. Be sure that your work accurately and appropriately aligns with best practices and AP writing style. [COM-227-03]

IV. Evaluation: For this part of the summative assessment, you will perform the fourth step of the four-step public relations process, evaluation. You will reflect on your presentation, identifying potential errors or issues in your presentation and how you might go about addressing or improving those issues. Finally, you will speak to how the four-step process could be used in other avenues of your life. (This will be submitted separately within a Microsoft Word document.)

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A. Explain potential ways that any errors or issues in your presentation could be improved and justify your response. [COM-227-04] B. Explain how your completed presentation benefited from the four-step public relations process. For example, how did the research step

assist in developing your presentation? The planning, implementing, and evaluation steps? How did the process as a whole benefit the presentation? [COM-227-04]

C. Explain how you could use the four-step process to plan for personal, professional, or academic experiences in the future. Be sure to support your response with examples. For example, how could the process be applied to an upcoming personal vacation? A project you have been assigned at work? A research assignment in another course? [COM-227-04]

Milestones Milestone One: Planning In Module Three, you will submit the planning section of your final project. This milestone will be graded with the Milestone One Rubric.

Milestone Two: Implementing In Module Five, you will submit the implementing section of your final project. This milestone will be graded with the Milestone Two Rubric.

Final Submission: Public Relations Campaign In Module Seven, you will submit your final project. This will include your PowerPoint presentation, along with a Microsoft Word version of your evaluation. It should be a complete, polished artifact containing all of the critical elements of the final product. It should reflect the incorporation of feedback gained throughout the course. This submission will be graded with the Final Project Rubric.

Final Project Rubric Guidelines for Submission: Your public relations campaign must be 18–22 slides in length and must be written in Associated Press style. The evaluation portion of your final project must be submitted as a 1- to 2-page Microsoft Word document.

Critical Elements Exemplary (100%) Proficient (85%) Needs Improvement (55%) Not Evident (0%) Value Research: Conflicts of

Interest Meets “Proficient” criteria, and examples provided demonstrate a sophisticated awareness of the professional ethics code in public relations regarding conflicts of interest

Provides an overview of how the professional ethics code in public relations guides decision making on conflicts of interest using examples from materials presented in the course

Provides an overview of how the professional ethics code in public relations guides decision making on conflicts of interest, but overview is cursory, contains inaccuracies, or does not use examples from materials presented in the course

Does not provide an overview of how the professional ethics code in public relations guides decision making on conflicts of interest

5.4

3

Critical Elements Exemplary (100%) Proficient (85%) Needs Improvement (55%) Not Evident (0%) Value Research:

Competition Meets “Proficient” criteria, and examples provided demonstrate a sophisticated awareness of the professional ethics code in public relations regarding competition

Provides an overview of how the professional ethics code in public relations guides decision making on competition using examples from materials presented in the course

Provides an overview of how the professional ethics code in public relations guides decision making on competition, but overview is cursory, contains inaccuracies, or does not use examples from materials presented in the course

Does not provide an overview of how the professional ethics code in public relations guides decision making on competition

5.3

Research: Accurate and Truthful Information

Meets “Proficient” criteria, and examples provided demonstrate a sophisticated awareness of the professional ethics code in public relations regarding the protection and advancement of accurate and truthful information

Provides an overview of how the professional ethics code in public relations guides the protection and advancement of accurate and truthful information, using examples from the materials presented in the course

Provides an overview of how the professional ethics code in public relations guides the protection and advancement of accurate and truthful information, but overview is cursory, contains inaccuracies, or does not use examples from materials presented in the course

Does not provide an overview of how the professional ethics code in public relations guides the protection and advancement of accurate and truthful information

5.3

Research: Best Practices

Meets “Proficient” criteria, and examples provided demonstrate a sophisticated awareness of the best practices for creating and delivering presentations in public relations

Provides an overview of the best practices for creating and delivering presentations in public relations, using examples from materials presented in the course

Provides an overview of the best practices for creating and delivering presentations in public relations, but overview is cursory, contains i naccuracies, or does not use examples from the materials presented in the course

Does not provide an overview of the best practices for creating and delivering presentations in public relations

8

Planning: Presentation

Meets “Proficient” criteria, and response clearly and precisely demonstrates consistency in presenting information

Creates a presentation that is logical, uses the notes section, and is tailored to a specific audience

Creates a presentation flow of information is provides some detail, but the flow of information is cursory or illogical

Does not create a presentation that provides relevant information

8

Planning: Research on Ethics and Best

Practices

Meets “Proficient” criteria, and response demonstrates keen insight into how previous research on ethics and best practices are applied

Explains how presentations incorporate previous research on ethics and best practices

Explains how presentations incorporate previous research on ethics and best practices, but explanation is cursory or contains inaccuracies

Does not explain how presentations will incorporate previous research on ethics and best practices

8

4

Critical Elements Exemplary (100%) Proficient (85%) Needs Improvement (55%) Not Evident (0%) Value Planning: Audience Meets “Proficient” criteria, and

response demonstrates a keen and sophisticated awareness of the needs of the audience being presented to

Presentation is developed for the audience being presented to

Presentation is somewhat developed for the audience being presented to, but information is cursory or is inappropriate for the audience

Does not target the presentation to the audience

8

Implementing: History of Public

Relations

Meets “Proficient” criteria, and response demonstrates keen insight into the critical milestones in public relations and how they relate to the growth and history of the field

Provides a brief overview of the history of public relations, including critical milestones and the growth of the field

Provides an overview of the history of public relations as presented in the course, but overview is cursory, not brief, or does not include the critical milestones and growth of the field

Does not provide an overview of the history of public relations as presented in the course

4

Implementing: Modern Public

Relations

Meets “Proficient” criteria, and response demonstrates keen insight into the idea of modern public relations

Explains the idea of modern public relations, supporting with evidence from the course or prior research

Explains the idea of modern public relations, but explanation is cursory, contains inaccuracies, or is not supported with evidence from the course or prior research

Does not explain the idea of modern public relations

4

Implementing: Practice Today

Meets “Proficient” criteria, and response makes cogent connections regarding the relationship between the past history of public relations and the modern practice of public relations

Explains how the history of the field has influenced the perception of the practice of public relations today, supporting connections with evidence from the course or prior research

Explains how the history of the field has influenced the perception of the practice of public relations today. but explanation is cursory, contains inaccuracies, or is not supported with evidence from the course or prior research

Does not explain how the history of the field has influenced the perception of the practice of public relations today

4

Implementing: Approach

Meets “Proficient” criteria, and response demonstrates a sophisticated awareness of the professional approaches to addressing issues of ethics used in the field of public relations

Determines a professional approach that could be used in addressing ethical issues regarding public relations with evidence from prior research and planning

Determines a professional approach that could be used in addressing ethical issues regarding public relations, but determination is cursory, contains inaccuracies, or is not supported with evidence from prior research and planning

Does not determine a professional approach that could be used in addressing ethical issues regarding public relations

12

5

Critical Elements Exemplary (100%) Proficient (85%) Needs Improvement (55%) Not Evident (0%) Value Implementing: Best

Practices and AP Writing Style

Meets “Proficient” criteria, and presentation and accompanying speaker notes demonstrate a sophisticated awareness of when and how to use best practices and AP style in public relations projects

Utilizes appropriate best practices and AP style throughout the presentation and accompanying speaker notes

Utilizes best practices and AP style throughout the presentation and accompanying speaker notes, but utilization contains inaccuracies or is not appropriate

Does not utilize best practices and AP style throughout the presentation and accompanying speaker notes

12

Evaluation: Improved Meets “Proficient” criteria, and makes a cogent defense of potential improvements

Explains potential ways that any errors or issues in the presentation could be improved and justifies response

Explains potential ways that any errors or issues in the presentation could be improved but does not justify response, or explanation is cursory or illogical

Does not explain potential ways that any errors or issues in the presentation could be improved

4

Evaluation: Four-Step Public Relations

Process

Meets “Proficient” criteria, and response makes cogent connections regarding the benefits of the individual steps of the four-step process and the process as a whole

Explains how the completed presentation benefited from the four-step public relations process

Explains how the completed presentation benefited from the four-step public relations process, but explanation is cursory or illogical

Does not explain how the completed presentation benefited from the four-step public relations process

4

Evaluation: Personal, Professional, or

Academic Experiences

Meets “Proficient” criteria and provides cogent examples regarding the personal, professional, or academic applications of the four-step public relations process

Explains how the four-step public relations process could be used to plan for personal, professional, or academic experiences in the future, and supports with examples

Explains how the four-step public relations process could be used to plan for personal, professional, or academic experiences in the future, but explanation is cursory or illogical

Does not explain how the four- step public relations process could be used to plan for personal, professional, or academic experiences in the future

4

Articulation of Response

Submission is free of errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, and organization and is presented in a professional and easy-to-read format

Submission has no major errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization

Submission has major errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization that negatively impact readability and articulation of main ideas

Submission has critical errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization that prevent understanding of ideas

4

Total 100%

6

  • COM 227 Final ProjectGuidelines and Rubric
    • Overview
    • Prompt
    • Milestones
      • Milestone One: Planning
      • Milestone Two: Implementing
      • Final Submission: Public Relations Campaign
    • Final Project Rubric

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