Color and value

COLORS

COLOR noun

1.That aspect of things that is caused by differing qualities of the light reflected or emitted by them, definable in terms of the observer or of the light, as:

a. The appearance of objects or light sources described in terms of the individual's perception of them, involving hue, lightness, and saturation for objects, and hue, brightness, and saturation for light sources.

b. The characteristics of light by which the individual is made aware of objects or light sources through the receptors of the eye, described in terms of dominant wavelength, luminance, and purity.

c. A gradation or variation of this aspect, especially when other than black, white, or gray; a hue.

2. A substance, such as a dye, pigment, or paint, that imparts a hue.

Source: https://www.thefreedictionary.com/color

WHITOUT LIGHT, THERE IS NO COLOR.

Each color is differentiated from the others by its wavelength.

The spectrum of light that humans are able to see is known as the visible spectrum.

It ranges from red to violet (or purple).

Red is the longest wavelenght, violet is the shortest.

White light is composed of the three primaries of light: red, green and blue (RGB).

Sources: Foundations of Interior Design, Susan J. Slotkis, 3rd editon, Chapter 3. https://www.freepik.com/premium-vector/visible-light-spectrum-template_6958648.htm

PIGMENT

For the interior designer, the chemist's focus on color as substance may be of more importance than the physicist's focus on color as light.

The designer most often deals with color as substance, or matter - in other words, with how color is produced as a reflection of a colored object or surface.

When we speak of color substance, we are refereing to pigmentation, such as dyes, colorants, pigments, stains, and paints.

The three primaries of color as pigment: red, yellow and blue.

Source: Foundations of Interior Design, Susan J. Slotkis, 3rd editon, Chapter 3 and 4.

COLOR SYSTEMS - RGB VS. CMYK

RGB (Red, Green and Blue) is the color system used in designs and images that will be viewed on a screen (TV, computer, smartphone, tablet...).

RGB color system is an additive color system and requires a light source to exist.

RGB uses light sources in combination to color designs by adding them together at varying intensities to create the desired hue and to produce the desired effect.

The light source influences how the image is perceived by the human eye.

Source: https://www.uspress.com/page/color-to-use-for-printing-and-design-cmyk-or-rgb#:~:text=CMYK%2C%20however%2C%20is%20the%20go,designs%20when%20they're%20printed.

CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black) is the color system used in designs that will be printed or presented in any physical medium (Postcards, brochures, business cards, posters...).

“K” is referred to black and is used instead of “B” to prevent confusing it with blue. Black is used to add shades of black, because merging the other colors doesn’t produce a shade of true black.

CMYK is a subtractive color system, because it removes white from the medium it’s printed on.

CMYK works by blending colors of ink in the printing process. The system blends four colors to create the right color, shade and hue for the desired printed result.

VS.

It’s important to take any designs made in RGB and convert them to CMYK before printing.

HUE, VALUE AND CHROMA

Hue is the family of a color, or the way we distinguish one color.

Value is the degree of lightness or darkness of a color.

Tint is addition of white to a hue. Shade is addition of black to a hue.

Chroma is the purity, saturation, or intensity of a color.

Tone is the addition of gray to a hue. Adding gray lowers the chroma. Tone is a muted version of a hue.

Source: Foundations of Interior Design, Susan J. Slotkis, 3rd editon, Chapter 3. https://www.vectornator.io/blog/color-tone-terminology/ https://www.robertnajlis.com/color-theory/color-values/

COLOR WHEEL

A color wheel provides a useful tool for organizing color.

Color wheel generally depict 12 pincipal hues.

Red is the warmest color, violet is the coolest.

Source: Foundations of Interior Design, Susan J. Slotkis, 3rd editon, Chapter 4. https://decoart.com/blog/article/318/color_theory_basics_the_color_wheel

Three primaries hues: Red, Yellow and Blue. Three secondary hues: Orange, Green and Violet. Six tertiary hues: Yellow-Orange, Yellow-Green, Blue-Green, Blue-Violet, Red-Violet and Red-Orange.

PRIMARY COLORS SECONDARY COLORS TERTIARY COLORS

COLOR WHEEL

Source: Foundations of Interior Design, Susan J. Slotkis, 3rd editon, Chapter 4. https://decoart.com/blog/article/318/color_theory_basics_the_color_wheel

COLOR HARMONY SCHEMES

Source: Foundations of Interior Design, Susan J. Slotkis, 3rd editon, Chapter 4. https://sarahrenaeclark.com/ https://www.pinterest.com/pin/319614904806649956/

Monochromatic colors derived from the use of only one hue.

A monochromatic color scheme may be devised of hue variations of many different values and chroma levels to avoid monotony.

COLOR HARMONY SCHEMES

Source: Foundations of Interior Design, Susan J. Slotkis, 3rd editon, Chapter 4. Color, A Course in Mastering the Art of Mixing Colors, Betty Edwards, Chapter 3. https://sarahrenaeclark.com/ https://i.pinimg.com/564x/83/d8/f0/83d8f0e3d01f4c2f1f7e0ebdcb42bee4.jpg

Analogous colors are any colors lying next to each other on the color wheel.

Analogous colors are inherently harmonious because they reflect light waves that are similar.

Analogous colors tend to evoke a sence of pemanence, calm, and stability.

COLOR HARMONY SCHEMES

Source: Foundations of Interior Design, Susan J. Slotkis, 3rd editon, Chapter 4. Color, A Course in Mastering the Art of Mixing Colors, Betty Edwards, Chapter 3. https://sarahrenaeclark.com/ https://i.pinimg.com/564x/3f/4f/ac/3f4facdc29a040aa966a8d37947af1f2.jpg

Complementary colors are pairs of colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel.

Complementary colors complete and perfect the central, fundamental role of the primary colors as the theoretical parents and progenitors of all colors.

Any two complements contain the complete trio of primaries.

COLOR HARMONY SCHEMES

Triadic colors hues that are combined from a equilateral triangle on the color wheel, in which all three sides are equal.

When accomplished through pure chroma, triadic schemes are very active, playful, and cheerful.

Creativity is stimulated in the presence of bold primaries. May be consider unadulterated colors brash and primitive.

Source: Foundations of Interior Design, Susan J. Slotkis, 3rd editon, Chapter 4. https://sarahrenaeclark.com/ https://www.pinterest.com/pin/319614904806649956/

SIMBOLIC MEANINGS OF COLOR

Source: Foundations of Interior Design, Susan J. Slotkis, 3rd editon, Chapter 4.

The branch of science that studies the mind and behavior is psychology.

Emotional responses may be triggered by memories or percepetions surrounding occurrences expercienced by an individual.

It is the meaning of color for an indivudual that is important when we consider the psychology of color.

Studies that concentrate on the emotional impact of color are used to market various products, forecast future trends, and help us better understand consumer reaction to a color.

Understanding the psychological meaning of color includes awareness that color is experienced within context and circunstance.

"You've got to try it. You've only got one trip. You've got to remember that."

"Color can raise the dead." Iris Apfel

Source: https://morningglazziness.com

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