formal research paper

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Impacts of COVID 19 on States and Organization

Student’s Name: Yali Liu

Student No.: V00970969

Department: Department of Educational Psychology & Leadership Studies

Course name: Concepts and Theory of Organization ED-D531/A

Instructor Name: Dr. Darlene Colover

Date: 24th November, 2020

Impacts of COVID 19 on States and Organization

COVID 19 has had a major impact on the corporate organization of the economy and death, life, nature, and systems. 2020 was a dangerous year for everyone. The coronavirus has killed countless people, but more and more people have been killed and infected. The virus has infecteds approximately 24 million people worldwide and killeds more than 800,000. More than 50 countries were have been affected. No one was allowed into the country due to blockages, travel restrictions, and flight suspensions in all parts of the world. Besides this, trade, tourism, global trade, investment, and supply chains worldwide have been disrupted and still exist. As it is today, China's economy is very closely linked to the world economy. 17% of the world’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) comes from the Chinese economy. The domestic market accounts for 34% of (China’s?) GDP since the deadly SARS crisis of 2003. The Ccoronavirus has been gradually increasing around the world since March 2020. The global economy grew 3.1% in 2020, and China's GDP growth fell from 5.9% to 5.4% compared to pre-crisis coronavirus projections. This didn't help after that because it didn't end right away, but that's it. It still exists. Not only that. Oil prices and interest rates and currency and gold prices have risen to previously unpredictable levels. Global GDP growth was less than 2%, as this serious pandemic intensified and was uncontrolled (Bartik et al., 2020, p. 10). This paper will focus on evaluating the impact of COVID 19 on organizations and countries based on Morgan's metaphoric approach. It will offer the different approaches that are used to determine overcome the challenges. The discussion will also offer my own metaphoric, which will describe the impact of Covid 19 on states and economies. Finally, the paper will provide future developments as far as the pandemic is concerned. Comment by Jessica Willows: Will be killed? Comment by Jessica Willows: It’s important to cite the figures in this paragraph Comment by Jessica Willows: Which country? Comment by Jessica Willows: Not sure what you are meaning here. Comment by Jessica Willows: Page numbers are only needed with direct quotations. Comment by Jessica Willows: Keep your reference to COVID-19 consistent (ie. always use all capitals as you did when you began your paper) Comment by Jessica Willows: This last part of your introduction is very clear about what this paper is going to be about. The beginning of the introduction needs to be connected to the rest of the paper – explain the connections that you are seeing in the economic data you list and the metaphors you will explain.

Morgan’s tTechnique of description

According to Morgan’s metaphoric approach to organizations, corporationes are supposed to be compared with other aspects to understand better the occurrences (Morgan, 1998, p. 9). In the COVID 19 pandemic, the strategies used to address the issues will be based on metaphoric approaches, that is, comparisons. The metaphoric approaches I use in this paper to understand organizations include the perception of organizations as either classical or mechanical. Organizations are also perceived as brains, organisms, the structure of politics, psychic prisons, culture, flux, and tools for domination in Morgan (1998). (Morgan, 1998, pg. 12). This influences the perception of an ideology. The effects of COVID 19 has greatly affected the on businesses aspects will be discussed based on the metaphorical approaches. Comment by Jessica Willows: Or “organizations”? Comment by Jessica Willows: You might describe here what metaphors are and how they help us to understand how organizations function and the roles they play. Comment by Jessica Willows: I’m wondering if you are meaning that in this paper you will be using metaphors to explain the impact of the issues affecting organizations due to the COVID 19 pandemic? Comment by Jessica Willows: This is an interesting statement! I would suggest moving this to the beginning of your next paragraph and then explaining what you mean by this and how it applies to your analysis.

Organizations are perceived as machines.

This perception is based on the assumption that the organization focuses on increased efficiency and maximum labor use. Typically, the organization is viewed as machines that are difficult to adapt to different changes (Morgan, 1998, p. 12). Typically, fast adaptation is inhibited. This makes the leaders focus instead on precision, reliability, predictability, and efficiency. All of these mechanistic approaches have to be integrated into the organization for efficiency. Covid 19 has greatly affected the mechanistic aspects of organizations, thereby affecting their efficiency.

Market leaders have streamlined their supply chains, established their day-to-day operations, and made tough economic choices (Tohidian & Rahimian, 2018, p. 20). Analysis by some experts suggests three economic conditions that may become clear. It's (who is it?) a pandemic of rapid recovery, a global slowdown, and a recession. The cost-effectiveness of the more positive evolutionary outcomes of COVID 19 is considered to be underestimated. First, rapid recovery in this situation increases the number of patients given the high levels of transmission of the virus. This inevitably creates solid public protests and declining demand, but it is relatively less of a national problem because different countries can exercise the same swift control as China. Working older people and children's low mortality rate suggests that anxiety levels are beginning to decline as the disease continues to spread. Comment by Jessica Willows: During the pandemic? Comment by Jessica Willows: How so? Comment by Jessica Willows: Connect these last two ideas back to your metaphor analysis.

Adult workers are always worried about their parents, older relatives, colleagues, neighbors, and measures taken to protect their well-being (how do you know this for sure - instead of sweeping statements, talk about your own situation) . Adults and the elderly, especially those with underlying disabilities, refuse certain activities. Many people continue their normal lives outside the transmission complex. This situation suggests that young people (not?) are sufficiently affected to change certain daily habits. For example, do it more often, washing your hands for survival therapy, or taking action at a higher level. Another example is not going home to work or keeping your child out of school. The main complex factor that has not yet been investigated is that employees in this economy, such as drivers, have to report their work, even though they are being asked to work from home. Generally, this has affected the mechanistic aspects of organizations. Comment by Jessica Willows: What are they doing more often? Comment by Jessica Willows: Again, connect these ideas to the mechanistic metaphor. These are linked to reduced efficiency?

Corporateion as a brain.

The brain has mostly been associated with cognitive aspects, whereby the urge to learn prevails (Morgan, 1998, p. 15). In this case, the organization should learn new concepts due to changes in the market structure and working environments. This is the brain metaphor. There is a recommendation based on the (this?) approach that systems should conceptualize the internal diversities within systems that control themselves. Based on the brain metaphor, it is evident that systems have to be self-adjusting, optimizing, and regulating to face the various changes environment in the case of the COVID 19 pandemic. This has mostly been associated with the double loop learning approach. Comment by Jessica Willows: Nice, this would be a good place to give an example of double loop learning in the face of the COVID 19 situation you describe.

With a slowdown in global growth, it can be assumed that many countries will not be able to achieve the same rapid power as China in this situation. Communication in the US and Europe is large but still curtailed because individuals, businesses, and governments have adopted some credible measures, including school closures and large-scale events. In this example, the cumulative number of hits in the United States is projected to be approximately 10,000-500,000. It hosts about one huge epicenter. 40% to at least 50% of all cases, 10% to 15% of all instances, and two or three small centers in different cities with different instances (OECD, 2020, p. 10). As a result, the demand shock will halve GDP growth from 1 to 1.5 by 2020, slowing global economic growth, if not a recession. The global collapse, in this case, will have a more serious impact on SMEs. Comment by Jessica Willows: Infections? Comment by Jessica Willows: What is demand shock? Comment by Jessica Willows: Citation? Comment by Jessica Willows: List the full name here

Developing economies will suffer more than advanced economies and businesses. Again, not all industries are affected equally. Service sectors such as aviation, transportation, and tourism can be hit hardest. On the most profitable global routes, especially in the Asia Pacific region, airline traffic has plummeted. In the following states, airlines missed peak sales during the summer travel season, leading to bankruptcy segment-wide alliances. A sharp drop in market demand slows consumer goods demand. This may mean that the supply labor capital constraints of various client and partner companies are small, which has implications, but May-June demand returns to concern about virus reduction. We have been. The impact of Nemours' largest segment, Target, is primarily the decline in GDP at the global and national levels, partly due to various indicators' direct impact. For example, oil prices have fallen below expectations. This hurts gas and oil. The systems have to adjust to the various changes in the economic spectrum. This is the learning process. Comment by Jessica Willows: Incomplete sentence? Comment by Jessica Willows: Again, connect your ideas here on the impacts of these changes to the idea of an organization learning. It would be great to hear your ideas about how an organization might learn how to survive the impacts of this situation.

Organization as an organism

Corporate institutions have to adapt to changes in survival (Morgan, 1998, p. 15). This is based on the theory of survival for the fittest based on the various challenges that the organization faces. This aspect acknowledges the significance of the internal and external environments, which are crucial for the corporation's survival. In this case, Covid 19 has significantly affected the business environment. Comment by Jessica Willows: Yes! Comment by Jessica Willows: By threatening the survival of businesses?

Outbreaks and depressions in this situation are similar to a global slowdown, just considering that this coronavirus is not only seasonal in nature. “Virus growth can drastically reduce global economic growth in 2020 to 1.5-0.5%” (OECD, 2020, p. 5). Besides, sSupply chain challenges for are effecting many companies worldwide, the most important reflection on the COVID-19 pandemic in the first few weeks, affected supply chains in or originating in China. Confusion has prevailed, and as a result, the supply chain has closed factories in China throughout the COVID period, which is not yet clear. Many large companies report that China has been using more than 90% of its features in other parts of China. Actual testing, such as migrant workers' availability to transport goods from the factory to the port, will continue, but the carrying capacity is typically between 60% and 80% (Rogerson & Rogerson, 2020, p. 50). Delay issues now exist in the goods and services department from the 8th to the 10th from the factory to the port. Comment by Jessica Willows: Economic depressions? Comment by Jessica Willows: Explain what you mean by features here Comment by Jessica Willows: Of which month?

Fares have fallen by about 15% worldwide due to the corona crisis. In the coming months, development in the plant will be slowed down, and more tests may be done to protect the hazardous areas. Corporate inventories are declining rapidly. The shortage of spare parts is expected to be a new reason why China's factories cannot operate at full capacity. It's unimaginably great for supply chain managers and production managers who insist on products.

All industries around the world have changed. Some of them have more severe resistance, but some of them fight and always succumb to the unstable "normal." If the configuration is unstable, the world's supply chain is disrupted, and the load remains low, the customer requests the configuration. In various regions and markets, governments rely solely on the coronavirus crisis. Companies are relentlessly familiar with innovative and uncertain market conditions. Through day-to-day conversations with customers, the company provides industry-specific guidance on what leaders should reflect in their current and future work. (Funk et al., 2010, p. 22). Comment by Jessica Willows: How so? Can you give examples of this? Comment by Jessica Willows: How are companies responding to the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure their survival?

Corporation as a culture

Culture is the process through which meaning in an institution is derived (Morgan, 2019, p. 18 - page number needs direct quotation). The meaning assists in understanding the concepts in different systems or operations. Cultural metaphors are used to shape realities and create shared reality, which is the basis for obtaining an understanding of concepts. Generally, cultures arise as a result of shared task solutions. Generally, the cultural metaphor is mostly used to formulate solutions or strategies to mitigate particular challenges, as it is in the case of COVID 19 in corporations (Tohidian & Rahimian, 2018, p. 25 - where are the quotation marks here?). Comment by Jessica Willows: Remember that direct quotes need to be in quotation marks to indicate this.

Besides, some other methods may improve emergency management by improving awareness of capital requirements rather than forecasting sound cash flow in the short term. Also, classify and use Quick Win to get stuck money or money saved by companies. By establishing tighter control over cash and cash-related cash to reduce leaks and adapt to lenders' various proposals. For example, an entity can increase its receiving and paying accounts by negotiating payments between debtors to secure the goods it offers. Reducing payment accounts can help you investigate financial discounts, for example, by implementing a payment plan to avoid paying early. All of these factors help your organization fully operate and control everything.

As businesses slow down, some companies face lower revenues, resulting in lower cash flow. This is one of the biggest challenges for any company as it works for money. As a result, cash and liquidity management is difficult at the time of this, as few businesses remain on the market, and everything is shut down due to a lack of sales and rising costs. Short-term financial and cash management strategies in which a corporate organization uses a variety of strategies. Because this is an important part of the business line, companies ensure sound supply chain risk management. If this is not confirmed or supported, the business may be shut down immediately.

To maintain the cash flow of the business, it is necessary to develop short-term strategic liquidity. Besides, manage infrastructure and communicate with relevant stakeholders, landowners, tax authorities, suppliers, lenders, etc. (such as improving facility stockpiling and financing). Companies can also rebuild stakeholder trust to ensure sustainable corporate restructuring. Last but not least, quickly discover other financing options with investors / financial firms in the economy. Comment by Jessica Willows: Interesting ideas here, wondering how these relate to the culture metaphor?

Own My? metaphor

An organization can be compared to a family, that is, an organization as a family. There has have been different conceptualizations of the institution family, which has been perceived as the basic unit for human interaction. Based on other views, the institution has also been perceived as a private niche for private interaction. In the public segment, a family is perceived to be a work organization. Basically, family units are based on common goals and objectives. The families are also based on the common ethics that determine the interaction amongst various family members. Families have a crucial leader as they have to make critical decisions associated with the operation in the families. The case is similar to organizations that have to have a leader who greatly influences the organization's direction. Families are also affected by various factors in their operation, as is the case of organizations. The availability of all components of a typical family is essential that is both parents and children as it is in a nucleated family. Single-parent families face various challenges in operation. This is the case of the reduction of human resource in an organization which greatly influence the outcome.

In this case, financial constraint is a major factor that affects operations. The Covid 19 pandemic has greatly affected the availability of financial resources. The small scale corporation has been greatly affected due to their challenges in financial ability. This can be compared to high-income families who have not been greatly affected by the pandemic as their income source is still intact. High-income families are also characterized by saving and investment habits. The large organization also has a variety of products. Such organizations have only been affected by the pandemic due to the reduction of labor. Comment by Jessica Willows: Nice comparison and connection here!

Future developments of organizations

In the future, the Covid-19 pandemic brought acceleration and unexpected variables, and most of the current plans and units to combat outbreaks were not ready to be implemented. Many companies have developed event management tactics shortly before they occur and are now looking to the future. All a company has to do is influence the company's management team in response to the crisis and work together to respond to the immediate corona crisis. This allows companies to move on to the next. Besides, once the company has settled down and focused on how to get people back to work, evaluate the company's response to classifying areas for aisle changes in real-time. Companies need to pay attention to what organizational vision the crisis process has brought to support their strategy and take advantage of the opportunities for change during the event. Comment by Jessica Willows: Good point! Comment by Jessica Willows: Not sure what you mean here. Comment by Jessica Willows: How might your metaphor analysis help companies here to recover from the effects brought on by COVID-19?

From a financial perspective, companies need to create new resource opportunities. After the outbreak of COVID-19, leaders needed to take immediate action to improve the company by balancing liquidity and risk and measuring the potential for expansion after the recession. These steps will bring a great future for most industries, not just businesses. Some industries are thriving, as many companies are under stress. These are internet-based businesses such as online education, online shopping, online entertainment, and businesses related to food delivery for work. As the demand for cleaning products, fasteners, snacks, etc. increased, people changed their shopping designs, and since COVID 19, people are spending more time at home. (Jaworski e al., 2016, p. 19) Comment by Jessica Willows: This is a great example of how companies might “learn” as a brain! Consider including this in your discussion above about this metaphor.

Conclusion

Organizations and states are stressed by the COVID 19 pandemic, which has greatly influenced the operations (Rogerson & Rogerson, 2020, p. 26). Businesses are not carringed on as usual. Based on Morgan’s theories, it is evident that organizations can be compared to the brain, organs, machines, etc. tThese are metaphoric perceptions that assist in the ideation of the processes involved in the organization's operation. The ideations have effectively indicated an impact on any of the aspects greatly influenced the organization's operations as it is in the case of COVID 19, which has influenced operation differently, as discussed in the preceding discussions.

You have included a lot of information about the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on businesses and economies. What was missing were some clear connections between this information and the metaphors you were using to describe these effects. One strategy to do this would be to include more of your own ideas: clearly state the connections you see between how organizations are responding to the pandemic (for example, between the business strategies you list and the culture metaphor from Morgan) and/or include examples of businesses that are “learning” to relate to the brain metaphor (what are they learning and how are they doing this learning?).

Mark: 22.0/30.0

Reference

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Morgan, G. (1998). Images of organization: The executive edition. PublsherThousand Oaks, CA.Pubisher here

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Strauss, S. (2020). Some Emerging Hypotheses on the Economic Opportunities and Challenges of the Post-Pandemic World. Available at SSRN 3633391.

Tohidian, I., & Rahimian, H. (2019). Bringing Morgan’s metaphors in organization contexts: An essay review. Cogent Business & Management, 6(1), 1587808 - what is this?.