Evidence-Based Project, Part 2: Advanced Levels of Clinical Inquiry and Systematic Reviews

Matrix Worksheet Template

Matrix Worksheet Template

Use this document to complete Part 2 of the Module 2 Assessment, Evidence-Based Project, Part 1: An Introduction to Clinical Inquiry, and Part 2: Research Methodologies

Full citation of the selected article	Article #1	Article #2	Article #3	Article #4
	Brooks Carthon, J., Hatfield, L., Plover, C., Dierkes, A., Davis, L., & Hedgeland, T. et al. (2019). Association of Nurse Engagement and Nurse Staffing on Patient Safety. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 34(1), 40-46. https://doi.org/10.1097/ncq.0000000000000334	Driscoll, A., Grant, M., Carroll, D., Dalton, S., Deaton, C., & Jones, I. et al. (2017). The effect of nurse-to-patient ratios on nurse-sensitive patient outcomes in acute specialist units: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 17(1), 6-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474515117721561	Griffiths, P., Maruotti, A., Recio Saucedo, A., Redfern, O., Ball, J., & Briggs, J. et al. (2018). Nurse staffing, nursing assistants and hospital mortality: retrospective longitudinal cohort study. BMJ Quality & Safety, 28(8), 609-617. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2018-008043	Griffiths, P., Recio-Saucedo, A., Dall'Ora, C., Briggs, J., Maruotti, A., & Meredith, P. et al. (2018). The association between nurse staffing and omissions in nursing care: A systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 74(7), 1474-1487. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13564
Why you chose this article and/or how it relates to the clinical issue of interest (include a brief explanation of the ethics of research related to your clinical issue of interest)	The researchers in the article address the correlation between regulated dependable nurse ratios to delivery of quality care. In other words, the paper addresses how modern healthcare has assumed a patient-centric approach resulting in the needs of nursing practitioners being ignored.	The researchers in the article assess the correlation between the nurse staffing levels to inpatient mortality and nurse sensitivity to patient needs. The study reviewed data from 2006 to 2017 investigating the effects of nurse-patient ratio and patient outcome in acute units.	The article was selected as the national issue relating to shortage of nurses is a problem plaguing the healthcare care sector. In the US, the shortage of nurses has been growing for the past few decades resulting in the reduction of quality of care as remaining nursing practitioners are overworked.	The researchers evaluate the implications of disregarded nursing care and the undesirable patient outcome. The research is approached through the analysis of nurse shortage and its implications on essential care. The researchers also identify the potential consequences of the missed care and its prevalence.
Brief description of the aims of the research of each peer-reviewed article	The objective of the study was to evaluate the correlation between nurses’ valuation of patient safety and the differentiation under varying staffing and engagement requirements.	The goal of the study is to evaluate the published data investigating the association between nurse staffing levels and patient sensitivity. In other words, if higher nurse staffing reduces the risk of inpatient mortality.	The study assesses the implication of low nursing and assistant nursing staff on inpatient death rates in England hospitals.	The purpose of the study is to recognize nursing care responsibilities that are frequently missed in acute care and creating correlations to nurse staffing.
Brief description of the research methodology used Be sure to identify if the methodology used was qualitative , quantitative , or a mixed-methods approach. Be specific.	The researchers approached the study by conducting a secondary assessment of two linked data sources in four states. The data for the assessment was sourced from the 2006-2007 Penn Multi-State Nursing Care and Patient Safety Survey and the 2007 annual survey by the ANA (American Hospital Association). The researchers applied a mixed-method approach. They applied a cross-sectional study where they assessed the survey retorts from thousands of nurses in numerous hospital settings.	The researchers employed PICOT and meta-analyses in the review. It entailed the utilization of cross-sectional studies and random-effect models in homogeneous studies. Thus, the main research method was quantitative research as the study was investigating the impact of the relationship between nurses and patients to improve the overall outcome.	When the study is summarized, it entails longitudinal observational research. The researchers collected their data from nurse staffing from 0ver 30 adult medical units of large facilities in the South of England. Thus, it is evident that the study employed a quantitative approach. The objective was to create a correlation between nurse staffing and patient mortality.	The research methodology employed has high similarities to the quantitative approach method. It entailed a systematic review of 18 cross-sectional samples that range from just over 200 to approximately 31,000 nurses. BERNCA was employed as a research tool assessing the number of care not offered to patients within a week. In other words, it assessed the frequency of missed care initiatives.
A brief description of the strengths of each of the research methodologies used, including reliability and validity of how the methodology was applied in each of the peer-reviewed articles you selected.	The ore strength of the study is that it adheres to the Donabedian concept model of health care where the nurse-patient relationship is carefully studied. The survey each nurse responded to entailed over 50 questions that examined global safety articles by exploiting the 5- point Likert scale. The reliability and viability of the study were enforced by the fact that it was conducted in 599 facilities in Florida, New Jersey, California, and Pennsylvania.	The PRISMA statement was employed in the study further strengthening the quality of the review approach. Moreover, the NOS (Newcastle Ottawa scale) was also applied to evaluate the quality of the nonrandomized reviews. Other tools employed in the study to support its reliability and validity include professional information technologies, electronic databases, and custom-developed data mining tools.	The core strength of the study was the utilization of SHMI (Summary Hospital Mortality Indicator) where the researchers employed demographic and diagnostic factors to compute the projected risk of death. By comparing the results associated with low nurse staffing, the researchers were confident that low nurse staffing increased the mortality risk	Each study was evaluated by exploiting the guidance, methods, and outlines described by NICE (The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence). It facilitated the quality appraisal of studies that met the needed criteria. It allowed for any biases in all selected literature to be acknowledged allowing for the overall research to reliable and valid.
General Notes/Comments	Through the study of the relationship between patient safety and satisfactory patient-nurse relations where better relations resulted in greater patient satisfaction. Additionally, the survey identified that nurses have great concern for patient safety, short staffing, and larger workloads.	A close assessment of the research identified a large degree of differences between the data used. The notion is most expressed when comparing the nurse-patient relationship and the type of nurse-sensitive patient result. The overall outcome was the inability to make standardized recommendations.	The study was able to conclude that patient mortality due to nurse staffing shortage is seldom expected to improve with the replacement of RNs with assistant nurses. Though assistant nurses are essential members of the healthcare community, they cannot substitute the role and functionality of RNs.	The overall outcome of the study was the recognition of higher patient satisfaction and safety through the development of positive nurse-patient relations as well as patient welfare.

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