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Climate change

Climate change today can be termed to be an issue that affects most parts of the world. It is shifting the patterns of food production and it is increasing the related risks like the catastrophic floods. The impact of climate change is global in the scope and in the scale is unprecedented. When proper and mitigation actions are not taken as early as now, the impact that the issue revolving around climate change will have in the future will be more difficult to handle. Climate change poses an ethical issue to humanity and people have the moral right and obligation that helps them to respond to it [endnoteRef:1] [1: Thomas, Chris D., Alison Cameron, Rhys E. Green, Michel Bakkenes, Linda J. Beaumont, Yvonne C. Collingham, Barend FN Erasmus et al. "Extinction risk from climate change." Nature 427, no. 6970 (2004): 145.]

There has been an increase in the cases of diseases according to WHO statistics that are caused by climate change as a result of high temperatures [endnoteRef:2]The areas that experience climate change experience high atmospheric temperature, they rise very high during the day and fall very low at night. On the other side, the unpredicted rainfall in the different areas that experience climate change makes the farmer's calendar to be disrupted. When the rainfall is not consistent and affects the farmer’s calendar then the food supply will reduce and hence affect the population that depends on the food from farms. [2: Patz, Jonathan A., Holly K. Gibbs, Jonathan A. Foley, Jamesine V. Rogers, and Kirk R. Smith. "Climate change and global health: quantifying a growing ethical crisis." EcoHealth4, no. 4 (2007): 397-405.]

The effects that climate change poses on the globe are evident all over on the environment. The glacier has shrunk, the ice that is found on the river is breaking up very earlier, the plants and animals ranges have moved and shifted and the plants are flowering sooner than its normal. However, these effects have been predicted by the scientist and they have been looking at the effects like the loss of seas, the sea level are rising and are becoming longer and lastly, more intense heat waves have been experienced. The changes in climate call for an urgent task to make and develop proper predictions about the biological response to climate change [endnoteRef:3] [3: Urban, Mark C., Greta Bocedi, Andrew P. Hendry, J-B. Mihoub, Guy Pe’er, Alex Singer, J. R. Bridle et al. "Improving the forecast for biodiversity under climate change." Science353, no. 6304 (2016): aad8466.]

The scientists have been developing new ways to help us to understand climate change then helps us to know the impact that climate change has today and, in the decades, to come. This understanding will help the decision makers to place climate change as one of the major challenges that are facing the world today. The impact that climate change has on crop production due to a doubling of the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere [endnoteRef:4], However, there are still many uncertainties that need to be understood in the complex system like the earth and its climate. [4: Rosenzweig, Cynthia, and Martin L. Parry. "Potential impact of climate change on world food supply." Nature 367, no. 6459 (1994): 133.]

More so, there is credible evidence body that is based on the research that has been done and has been doing documentation of the climate changes effects and how they affect human activities. The main benefit of having an integrated assessment model is to help see the relationship that exist between different sectors which otherwise would have been hard to discern [endnoteRef:5]While still such scientific question sure being analyzed and their hypothesis being examined, there are still scientific debates and seek of alternative explanation about the cases in climate changes. What the decision makers have been working on and wanted to expand is the question is, “What is happening?”, More so, they are debating on the question, “what can we do?”. [5: Clarke, Leon, J. Lurz, M. Wise, J. Edmonds, S. Kim, S. Smith, and Hugh Pitcher. "Model documentation for the minicam climate change science program stabilization scenarios: Ccsp product 2.1 a." Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PNNL-16735 (2007).]

To address these questions the body of a scientist can be helping to respond to them. There are many prevalent human diseases that result from changes in climate such as cardiovascular diseases [endnoteRef:6]The research has consequences on climate change, there is a body that deals with technologies and policies that are helpful to limit the effects and the magnitude of future climate change, but has been helpful in helping to expand the knowledge to help to understand climate change. There are ways that have been put across and advice that are on prudent short term and the other long-term action and strategies. [6: Patz, Jonathan A., Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum, Tracey Holloway, and Jonathan A. Foley. "Impact of regional climate change on human health." Nature 438, no. 7066 (2005): 310.]

The most assessed factor that causes climate change have been human factors and how they cause climate change, in the past, in the present time and in the future [endnoteRef:7]Human and their activities have been influenced by climate. This is irrespective of the wealth and even the industrial society that we have, climate change still affects human wellbeing in different ways. It influences the ways human beings live, hat they eat, how they even get their income and many more factors. [7: Houghton, John T., L. G. Meiro Filho, Bruce A. Callander, Neil Harris, Arie Kattenburg, and Kathy Maskell. "Climate change 1995: the science of climate change." Climatic Change (1996): 584.]

On the other side, human beings also affect climate in different ways, the process of earth warming have multiple evidence that it comes from warming that is primarily caused by human activities. These activities are like burning fuels and other many activities that release heat-trapping gases that are termed as greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The future prediction that is being put across is that the earth will continue to effects the earth and human activities until sustainable action are taken to mitigate it. These activities are the ones that are mainly concerned with reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. There are rapid implantation of activities and technologies that are aimed at reducing the effects of emission of greenhouse gases [endnoteRef:8] [8: Thomas, Chris D., Alison Cameron, Rhys E. Green, Michel Bakkenes, Linda J. Beaumont, Yvonne C. Collingham, Barend FN Erasmus et al. "Extinction risk from climate change." Nature 427, no. 6970 (2004): 145.]

Although the details of how the issue in climate change will affect the future are still not very well understood, it is evident that we should expect consequences in either way. Even as the scientist do more and more research, they cannot completely eliminate the uncertainties that we have about climate change but can only provide the information that the decision makers need in order to make choices that reduces the impact of the risks. The united nation and the other stakeholders are coming up with strategic steps that are supposed to be implemented and to adopt the response. Since the impacts cuts across different sectors. The advantage of the control policy that can be used to control up to decades as the stabilization actions will make them incur the cost [endnoteRef:9] [9: Nordhaus, William D. Managing the global commons: the economics of climate change. Vol. 31. Cambridge, MA: MIT press, 1994.]

Like any other science climate change will be proceeded by the accumulation of data and the formulation, testing, and then the refinement of the hypothesis, the theories and then produce new predictions which will be used to test the hypothesis. This can be through models, observations and other experiments that help to expand on scientific research and become able to refute the prediction that has been made about climate changes.

There is a need to integrate social and economic pillar without affecting the livelihood of the generation to come in the agricultural sector [endnoteRef:10]The data that I used for the research was mainly from the research that has been collected on the factors that influence climate change. These data came from the changes in land usage and identifying the different variabilities that shape the long-term warming effects on earth. Observation and characterization of the uncertainties which is very important in the scientific enterprise. Some of the literature material that has been exploring the issue around climate change are many and have covered the different side of the issue: [10: Fischer, Günther, Mahendra M. Shah, and H. T. Van Velthuizen. "Climate change and agricultural vulnerability." (2002).]

Climate justice: hope, resilience, and the fight for a sustainable future by Mary Robinson. It explains that climate change like any other issue in society is a human right issue. It goes ahead and explains that the most vulnerable community are the most likely to be on the front line to advocate for climate change. In the literature, mature brings out experiences that make us feel the impact that we have to impact climate change and putting them to action.

The impact of climate change has been seen in the different ecological environment from tropical to terrestrial and affects both flora and fauna [endnoteRef:11]Below freezing: energy for the melting planet by Donald Anderson. He explains more other than just the climate change and the debate in it. It is a unique assemblage of all sort of scientific data that we need to know in the era where the climate had been greatly altered by human activities. The information in this work can be from, newspaper reports, poetry, history, nonfiction, and creative nonfiction. [11: Walther, Gian-Reto, Eric Post, Peter Convey, Annette Menzel, Camille Parmesan, Trevor JC Beebee, Jean-Marc Fromentin, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, and Franz Bairlein. "Ecological responses to recent climate change." Nature 416, no. 6879 (2002): 389.]

Tunefulness: how thinking like a geologist can help save the world by Marcia Bjornerud. she tries to explain how the act of determining the pace of the solid earth can be helpful and builds up erosions and then relates them with the other unstable rhythms of the ocean and the atmosphere. The rates at which the earth system changes vary some are fast while others are slow. In short, she helps to explain why tunefulness is vital in the Anthropocene which the human act in facilitation planet change then she goes ahead to explain solutions.

The method that I will use to collect data in the future will be fully dependent on different factors. there are obviously changes that are happening, the methods of generating data that can be used for a global model which can as well be used locally to analyze the relevant impacts and the vulnerabilities of climate change. The areas around the coast are well suited to help in the explanation of different climate changes [endnoteRef:12]Since the coastal region is most vulnerable, then I can analyze the strength and the challenges that I expect and those that were experienced by climate change project partners. This will open a room for me to be able to conduct research on the area I have interest in. including the available data limits. [12: Change, Avoiding Dangerous Climate, Tony Blair, and Rajendra Pachauri. Avoiding dangerous climate change. Cambridge University Press, 2006.]

As I seek to understand climate change, there are formidable challenges that I will face but above that, I will need to build on the strength that I will have in the scientific enterprise. And the other many existing activities:

· Focus on understanding as well as help to form informed solutions to local. Regional and national problems as well as those that affect the entire globe

· Make use of different knowledge that entails the social, physical, health and even ecological science.

· Make my work to be based on human society other than the individual environment, the system that works in isolation.

· Make use of the opinion from decision makers that are from different locations since different location have different dynamics of human activities that influence climate change.

· Lastly, I can work in decision making and the risk management to face the uncertainties that happen but remain flexible and adaptive to new research option and priorities

There is an ethical issue that may arise in the course of the project are may affect the outcome from the research: first climate changes are caused by human activities and nation that which puts other people and nation in a risk who have done barely anything in causing climate change. The other-other ethical issue is that the people who are at risk can do very little to protect themselves from the risk caused by climate change. The people who I may interact with may not be willing to provide data since they may be the cause or the contributors of the act. In business ethics, the industries that are involved and the ethical dilemma comes in when we look at the relationship between the emission of gas and profit industries earn [endnoteRef:13] [13: Thomas, Chris D., Alison Cameron, Rhys E. Green, Michel Bakkenes, Linda J. Beaumont, Yvonne C. Collingham, Barend FN Erasmus et al. "Extinction risk from climate change." Nature 427, no. 6970 (2004): 145.]

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