Classical Argument English 1301 Essay
DreaA
ClassicalArgumentEssayguide.pptxArgument Essay
Essay 3
Choosing a side:
You will choose to be for or against your topic in this paper.
“Yes, because” or “No, because”
Should have 4-5 points of support to explain reasons why
These will be your body paragraphs
Research should support the side that you have chosen
Research
You need 8 credible sources
You need a visual (chart, graph, or image) that supports your point
You can add this as the last page of your essay, but you should reference it within your essay
Label it Chart 1, Graph 1, or Image 1
Six sources should come from the library-type sources (databases, books, magazines, documentaries, etc.)
Two can come from credible Internet sites, interviews, field research, etc.
Incorporating research
Paraphrase
Summarize
Quote
Only 1 long/block quote (4 or more lines)
Cite the information in the paper and on the works cited
Incorporating quotes
Incorporate quotes smoothly into your sentences
Include quoted phrases in your own sentences
Use “that”
Use a full sentence with a colon, then add quote
Use Introductory or tag phrases to link author and quote
According to Tom Riley
Include short quoted phrases into your own sentences
Avoid putting an entire quoted sentence alone in your paragraph
Who is your audience?
You assume that your audience is not a supporter of your viewpoint.
You must show solid evidence to support your viewpoint.
Credible sources
Representative of information
You must have adequate evidence to convince your reader.
2-4 pieces of cited material per paragraph
Convincing your audience
You will want to show why your research is credible (appeal to authority).
Give names and credentials of experts, explain the importance of the studies, surveys, etc.
Respecting your audience
Convey an intelligent, controlled tone. Avoid overly aggressive, angry language. This argument is written for an academic audience, which tends to be impressed by supported facts, strong organization, and intelligent reasoning--not name-calling.
Writing the paper: Introduction
Attention-getter
Summarize the issue and what’s at stake regarding this topic and give any background information
Put your thesis at the end of the introduction
This will indicate your topic, stance and preview those 4-5 main points (briefly).
This should be 1-2 sentences max
Writing the paper: Body Paragraphs
You should have 4-5 main points, which will be your body paragraphs
Each body paragraph needs a topic sentence that will indicate what is being covered within the paragraph
Each body paragraph needs adequate research and explanation
2-4 quotes per body paragraph
Explanations that connect research to why you support topic
Refuting or conceding to the opposition as needed
Use transitions between ideas
In addition, also, along with, furthermore, as a result, therefore, consequently
Logos, Pathos, Ethos
You should incorporate Logos, Pathos, and Ethos into your body paragraphs.
You will not label these in the text. However, they should be applied throughout the paper.
The following slide review this information.
Logos
Reasoning
Compare/contrast-show good/bad to change the way a person sees A or B.
Concrete examples-multiple examples to prove point?
Direct quotes-from credible sources that strengthen the point being made
Statistics-from credible sources that strengthen the point being made
Definitions-given to clarify
Ethos
Knowledge of the author
The appeal to authority (credible sources: quoting experts, using statistics, citing information from credible sources. Where does the information come from?
Appealing to the opposition: granting validity to the opposition/demonstrating respect for the opposition.
Effective authors will take pains to show that while they disagree with their opponents, they still respect them.
Pathos
Personal testimony occurs when the writer describes an event they have directly experienced. The author’s experiences are intended to be representative of a general tendency
Illustrative anecdotes- stories the author tells about other people
Emotion-laden words and phrases
Descriptions
Writing the paper: Conclusion
Restate your thesis
Tie up any loose ends
Present a solution, proposal, or course of action
OR, give a compromise regarding the topic, if applicable
Point to larger implications of the issue
Predict where the argument is going in the future
Tips
Be specific
Who? Where? When?
Avoid “researchers/studies say"
Use intelligent language and sentence structure
Vocabulary, vary sentence structure
Include transitions
Also, in addition, etc.
Integrate quotes a variety of ways (handout)
Check works cited and in text citations to make sure they match
Paper Requirements
Proper Heading (Name, Class, Date)
Proper Header (Last name, pg # in upper right corner)
6-9 pages, not counting the Works Cited or visual page
Double spaced
12 point font
Time New Roman
Works Cited Page & In-text citations
Should be in 3rd person point of view (Americans, citizens, researchers, etc)
1st person-Leave out “I think,” “I believe,” or “I’m going to tell you”
2nd person- “You should consider”
