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One of the major reasons was the cost of administrations and militaries. Empires would thrive on expansion into new lands and utilizing natural resources found within in the new lands. Bentley (2015) alludes to an economic decline of Islamic empires due to reversal of military expansions because new land was not taken over and therefore resources from new lands were not available to sustain an empire. To counter this, the empires would revert to taxation, bribes or even extortion. The problem with all of these measures is that it usually benefits a narrow demographic and creates and economical imbalance throughout their respective societies. The other decline is the lack of international or commercial stations abroad. In simplest forms, the Islamic Empires were content with other countries coming to them and had little to interest expanding their respective trading’s to the international community.  

With the decline of expansion and loss of military power, the Islamic Empire could not compete with the Europeans. The reliance on foreign military technology proved too overwhelming for the Empires and their technology was quickly outdated by more advanced European arsenals. Essentially, the Islamic Empires were dependent upon importation from European nations and had little to offer for exportation since they failed to create commercial stations abroad. From about the 18th century, the Islamic Empires had little to offer. To add more problems to their cultural decline, the Islamic Empire felt confident that they did not need to learn anything about the Europeans. The printing press did not catch on until late and most believed it was better to read hand-written literature versus mass produced writings. The bottom line is that technology was evolving in Europe but the Islamic Empire was very slow to adopt the new ways into their respective culture.

Bentley, Ziegler & Streets-Salter. 2015. Traditions and encounters: A global perspective on the past.

(6th edition). New York, New York: McGraw Hill Education.