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CJ598

Unit2 DQ & Student Response

Theories of Organizational Behavior and Management

Select two of the four theories discussed in this unit and provide a description and overview of each, supported by scholarly, peer-reviewed sources (NO LAW REVIEW). Discuss the application of each to at least two specific aspects of homeland security and/or emergency management. Describe how both practitioners and academic researchers might use each theory to inform their efforts associated with the two specific aspects you identify. Include supporting citations from scholarly, peer-reviewed sources and provide the complete APA reference for each.

In your response posts, identify additional applications for the theories focused on by your peers.

NOTE: In this week's discussion, we are focused on the identification and application of theory to emergency management/homeland security efforts. Be sure that you are selecting from the theories discussed in this unit (you should be able to cite the original author/source of the theory) and including supporting citations for the description of each. In discussing the application of these theories, focusing on your own research proposal topic will help you to develop your assignment content for this week. Be sure you are clearly distinguishing between concepts and the established theories. For example, the concept of risk perception itself is not the theory of risk perception. 

Respond Kindly to Student #1

(Hector Chamo)

Class,

            The guided complexity is a theory that can be useful in assessing disaster response management. The three

foundations are system resolution, system scope and system dimension. Coordination with communication will help the

process in planning and the command and control is a self organization with multi organizational collaboration (Bergström,

J., Uhr, C., & Frykmer, T. 2016).

               A community’s vulnerability and technology are related to the condition of hazards in their community. All disasters create disruptions and create barriers to resources needed for survival (Norris, Stevens, Pfefferbaum, Wyche, & Pfefferbau,2008). In addition to physical disruption from disaster, mental and health symptoms a factor for people who went through a disaster. Secondary stressors are related to interpersonal relationships, like family conflicts, family strains, and work related problems. When stressors exist prior to a disaster chronic problem increases.  It is important to have social resources for every person and groups to become disaster resilient (Zakour, 2010).  There is an overview of belief that disasters are triggered by climate change, people moving to unsafe geographic areas. In addition, there is an increase of complex mixtures like technological disasters, example being the 2011 earthquake tsunami nuclear power disaster in Japan. Research is done to seek an understanding on why and how communities become disrupted from disaster events, to take not on creating ways to mitigate pr reduce disruption and vulnerability  .

Reference

Bergström, J., Uhr, C., & Frykmer, T. (2016). A Complexity Framework for Studying Disaster 

Response Management. Journal of Contingencies & Crisis Management, 24(3), 124–135. 

https://doi-org.libauth.purdueglobal.edu/10.1111/1468-5973.12113

Norris, F. H., Stevens, S. P., Pfefferbaum, B., Wyche, K. F., & Pfefferbaum, R. L. (2008). 

Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster 

readi- ness. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41(1/2), 127–150.

Zakour, Michael & Gillespie, David. (2012). Community Disaster Vulnerability: Theory, 

Research, and Practice. 10.1007/978-1-4614-5737-4.

Hector

 

Respond Kindly to Student #2

(Luke Leon)

Risk Perception Theory

Risk Perception is how a person views risks and what can happen in decision making. Everyone has their gauge of risk and to the extent of how serious they let that influence their decision (Rohrmann, 2008, p. 2). An example of risk perception in emergency management is when coming up with a mitigation and response plan, decision-makers have to prioritize what risks need more attention over other risks (Rohrmann, 2008, p. 2). Another example of risk perception in homeland security and emergency management is looking beyond individualized risk and assessing group risks that feel like they are at risk of a certain danger (Rohrmann, 2008, p. 5). A specific example in real life is the Black Lives Matter movement as that group feels that black lives are at risk and since the group perceives that risk of their livelihoods being threatened, they have their movement.

Systems Theory

Systems are a combined group of elements that work together to achieve an objective (Simonovic, 2015, p. 3). An emergency management concept that works with this theory is integrated disaster management where the human aspect of life combines with the built or structured environment to create a response (Simonovic, 2015, p. 4). This is a good example because from the human element we are our human systems with emotions, reactions, and feelings whereas we have to interact with other systems like technology, nature, and even animals that may not be aware of the human element that is needed in processes. Another example of systems theory in practice with emergency management is in training and simulations, there is disaster response training, so responders know what to do and the response feels natural, so it is quick and efficient rather than delaying the response and increasing the chance of more damage in the disaster (Simonovic, 2015, p. 4). While the most common thought when first hearing the word systems are computers or programs, systems still apply to the human element as humans have their code and programs to get tasks done and respond to situations.

Practitioners and researchers may use these theories to analyze the response and see how they can be improved (Simonovic, 2015, p. 9). They could also be used to analyze what went wrong or what went right, from a research standpoint they can be used as a study as to why people make the decisions they do with what is given to them in a certain situation or they can be used to question decisions, going back to risk perception theory maybe a mitigation plan focused more on tornadoes rather than floods and this can be used to gauge why decision-makers feared tornadoes over flooding.

 

References

Rohrmann, B. (2008). Risk perception, risk attitude, risk communication, risk management: A conceptual appraisal, 1–10. Retrieved from https://cdn-nrspp.s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2020/08/31175520/TIEMS_2008_Bernd_Rohrmann_Keynote.pdf.

Simonovic, S. P. (2015). Systems approach to management of disasters – a missed opportunity. Journal of Integrated Disaster Risk Management, 5(2), 70–83. https://doi.org/10.5595/idrim.2015.0099