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CJ509

Unit 6 DQ

Part 1 Topic 1: International Trends (Please Respond)

Critically discuss with your classmates 3 international trends in the administration of criminal justice. Be sure that each trend you select is supported with literature. How will each trend affect not only the system of criminal justice in the world, but internationally?

Part 2

Topic 1: Student Response #1(Respond to Kathryn)

Kathryn Ostrom

Hey Professor and Class,

Trends within the administration of criminal justice vary depending on the crimes committed. Take drug trafficking for example, over time the drug trafficking has remained stable, but since 2003 there has been an increase of drug possession offenses (Reichel, 2018). This shows that although moving drugs in and out of the United States has remained stable over the years there is an increase in possession rates. Opioids, such as heroin and controlled prescription drugs, continues to increase in the United States, and other drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamine also increases as drug traffickers continue to sell increased amounts of these drugs (Drug Enforcement Administration, 2019). Looking at heroin the trend this drug has on not only the United States but other countries as well fluctuates in the distribution, seizures, and overdoses caused by heroin. The United States has heroin smuggled in through Mexico, South America, and Southwest Asia (Drug Enforcement Administration, 2018). Showing the affect this has is international, with it coming from three different sources we can assume the demand in the United States has increased. In 2016, 1,690 kilograms of heroin was seized, this number increased to 2,284 kilograms in 2017, then 2,321 kilograms in 2018 (Drug Enforcement Administration, 2018). The amount seized has increased over this three years span but it only addresses that which was seized, the intent is to increase the trend on what is seized as the years go on. Although a large amount is seized, there is still a large amount being distributed within the United States, sometimes resulting in overdoses. There were roughly 15,400 heroin overdose deaths between 2016 and 2017, although the trend is stable in 2017 heroin was involved is the majority of overdose related deaths.  

These trends in drug trafficking of heroin in the distribution, seizures, and overdoses, not only impacts the United States but other countries as well, with the increase of drugs coming into the United States they have to be produced somewhere. This causes the drug issue to affect other countries as well. It can cause other crimes such as robbery, theft, and murder by those trying to obtain money to produce or purchase the drugs but also those selling them to ensure they are not apprehended by authorities, this can happen where the drugs are produced and where they are distributed increasing crimes rates on both side of the spectrum. Increased crime rates then increases the need for law enforcement, the court system, corrections, and rehabilitation, resulting in move funding for all of these factors by the government in each area drug trafficking affects.

Thank you,

Kathryn Ostrom  

Drug Enforcement Administration. (2019, December). 2019 National Drug Threat Assessment.  https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2020-01/2019-NDTA-final-01-14-2020_Low_Web-DIR-007-20_2019.pdf

Reichel, P. (2018). Comparative Criminal Justice Systems: A Topical Approach (7th ed.). Pearson

Topic 1: Student Response #2(Respond to Nathan)

Nathan Collins

Entrepreneurial Justice

            Entrepreneurial justice can be depicted as privatized justice to be placed in gaps where public justice systems have gaps (Burgis-Kasthala, 2019).  In this sense, private security assets are on the rise to make for places public police forces can not cover.  For example, security of hospitals in Syria built by nonprofit organizations is often done by private contractors. As interests of everyday people are moving to an international platform, security and justice has the chance of becoming privatized.

Cyber Justice

Cyberspace continues to be an expanding and erratic natured platform that continually needs monitoring.  Another topic of discussion for one is the security of human rights online that remain a direct reflection of the physical plain (Mihr, 2016).  This trend in cyber justice and continued need of use is a demonstration of what is yet to come.   Further developments in cyberspace will make the court system and criminal justice administration to continue to create more laws.

Confucianism

            Ancient China had three major methodologies regarding its criminal justice system expanding multiple empires.  Of note is the concept of Confucianism to which focuses on moral restoration of those committing the crime (Zhang, 2017).  This type of justice can be seen today regarding multiple systems rehabilitation programs. Emphasizing moral awareness and independence.

 

References

Burgis-Kasthala, M. (2019). Entrepreneurial Justice: Syria, the Commission for International

Justice and Accountability and the Renewal of International Criminal Justice. European Journal of International Law, 30(4), 1165–1186.

 

Mihr, A. (2016). Cyber justice: Cyber governance through human rights and rule of law in the internet. US-China Law Review, 13(4), 314-336.

 

Zhang, X., Yao, T., Xu, W., & Zhai, Y. (2017). Crime and Punishment in Ancient China and Its

Relevance Today. American Journal of Economics & Sociology, 76(5), 1191–1218. https://doi-org.libauth.purdueglobal.edu/10.1111/ajes.12205