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CJ509

Unit 5 DQ

Part 1: Topic: Terrorism

Critically discuss with your classmates the differences and similarities of criminal acts of domestic and international terrorism. Include in the discussion the nature of the terrorist actor and their motivations in committing an act of terror.

Share with the class a summary of a terror event anywhere in the world (do not include 9/11 in this discussion).

Part 2: Student Response #1(Reply to Monica below)

Monica Mcalister

Terrorism at the XXVI Summer Olympiad

 

Terrorism

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has taken the broad spectrum of terrorism and divided the types into two areas: domestic terrorism and international terrorism. The definitions for both areas are rather broad in scope. According to Watson, domestic terrorism is defined by the FBI as “the unlawful use, or threatened use, of violence by a group or individual based and operating entirely within the United States (or its territories) without foreign direction” (para. 8).  Additionally, the FBI uses the definition of “violent acts or acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or any state, or that would be a criminal violation if committed within the jurisdiction of the United States or any state. Acts are intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population, influence the policy of a government, or affect the conduct of a government” (para. 9) for their international terrorism category.

Both domestic and international terrorism is rooted in extremist and their ideals and the use of tactics that promote terror to further their agenda. According to Martin (2019), the typical objectives for terrorism are to change the existing order, social disruption, psychological disruption, and creating a revolutionary environment (pp. 10-11).

Eric Rudolph was responsible for the July 27, 1996 bombing during the XXVI Summer Olympiad in Atlanta when he used a nail-laden pipe bomb in Centennial Olympic Park that killed a woman who had driven with her daughter to Atlanta to celebrate the Olympics, and injured over 100 others (History, 2010, para. 1). According to the FBI, the motives behind Rudolph’s attack included his anti-government, anti-gay, and other biases (para. 12).

References

FBI. (n.d). Famous cases and criminals: Eric Rudolph. Retrieved from: https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/eric-rudolph

History. (2010). Bombing at Centennial Olympic Park. A&E Television Networks. Retrieved from: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/bombing-at-centennial-olympic-park

Martin, G. (2019). Essentials of terrorism: Concepts and controversies (5th edition). Sage Publications.

Watson, D. (2002, February 6). The terrorist threat confronting the United States. The Federal Bureau of Investigation. http://archives.fbi.gov/archives/news/testimoney/the-terrorist-threat-confronting-the-united-states

Part 3: Student Response (Respond to Kimberly below)

Terrorism - Why?

 

Kimberly Ord

According to the Department of Emergency and Military Affairs (n.d.), there is no single definition of international or domestic terrorism, as when violence is used, it depends on why to determine if it is terrorism.  Do you not just love that?  The government decides if the violence is terrorism or just someone blowing off steam at an opponent of the government.  That is like is it a battle or a massacre, which depends on who won it and who lost.  Okay, back to the questions for this week.

But for the differences and similarities of domestic and international terrorism, one thing is who or what group is behind the act.  If the top people are based internationally or a country is sponsoring the terrorist group, then it is international, but if they are within the country or the act, then it is domestic (Department of Emergency and Military Affairs, n.d.). Then, another difference is what is the motivation for the act?  Is it one country against another for whatever reason (for example, radical Islam against infidel countries)? Is it a grievance that a resident(s) has with the government of their country (such as Timothy McVeigh in the Oklahoma City Bombing of the federal building)?  As you can see, motivations are across the board – it could be grievances, it could be religious ideology, political ideology, racially motivated, motivated by hate toward any protected class of people, and much more.  Terrorism can occur for the stupidest of reasons, but I feel it is the intolerance of people toward other people or vengeance that drives most of it.

According to Masood and Myers (2021), last week in Pakistan, nine Chinese hydroelectric construction workers, and three others were killed in an explosion when a suicide bomber drove a vehicle into the bus carrying the workers.  They stated that 41 people were injured as well. Masood and Myers noted that Chinese workers and diplomats in the country have been targeted for attacks before this incident. As no group has yet claimed responsibility, the motivation behind the attack is unknown at this time.

References

Department of Emergency and Military Affairs. (n.d.). Various definitions of terrorism.  https://dema.az.gov/sites/default/files/Publications/AR-Terrorism%20Definitions-BORUNDA.pdf

Masood, S. & Myers, S. L. (2021). Blast that killed Chinese workers in Pakistan was a terrorist attack, officials say. The New York Times.  https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/16/world/asia/china-pakistan-bus-crash-blast.html