human development

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Samuel Morgan

ARTICLE SUMMARY EARLY OR MIDDLE ADULTHOOD.docx

Summary

 609 Words  

Running head: MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN LIVING WITH HIV

MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN LIVING WITH HIV 2

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Middle-aged women living with HIV

Samuel Morgan

Grand Canyon University

Human Development

11/02/2020

Early and middle adulthood stages are scary for most individuals. This is especially

common for women due to the situations and how they live their lives and how they cope with

things they face make a difference on stressors which women deal with daily (Emlet, et al.,

MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN LIVING WITH HIV 3

interpersonal sensitivity (Monteiro, Canavarro, & Pereira, 2017) . The study indicated that

younger women seems to harbor more hostile/anger behaviors than others either due to lack of

interpersonal skills to counteract the psychological effect of HIV-related discrimination and

stigma or as an expression of mode of transmission.

The personal reactions to the article was mixed emotions. I read and understood the

article. However, I disagree with some statistics presented. I think that most middle-aged women

are well-educated. The authors could have specified whether they study was conducted

(Monteiro, Canavarro, & Pereira, 2017) . The article should have been a more situational article

instead of saying all middle-aged women. I do agree with the article about stressors. Middle-aged

women living with HIV faces multiple stressors such as lack of social support, financial stressors

and more responsibilities. However, this could describe all women but those with HIV have

another stressor of the disease. Most women face these stressors but those with HIV have an

additional one (Emlet, et al., 2015) . Therefore, those with HIV are at increased risk of

development mental health issues because HIV doubles all other stressors. Middle-aged women

wears many hats as a mother, wife, grandparent (in some cases), employee, breadwinner (some

cases) and so on. Adding HIV to the list increases the psychological effects of these stressors.

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2015). The article in this paper is eye-catching as it takes about the women living with HIV and

stressors they go through. This paper will summarize an article about middle-aged women who

lives with HIV.

The tile of the article is “Prevalence and correlates of psychological distress of middle-

aged and older women living with HIV.” The article is authored by Monteiro, Canavarro and

Pereira in 2017. According to the article, women of over 45 years old are usually overlooked in

health matters. While HIV affects all ages globally, women have many stressors that comes with

the disease (Monteiro, Canavarro, & Pereira, 2017) . These women usually experience some

psychosocial burdens such as self-care, household responsibilities, employment-related issues,

financial burdens and lack of social support. When these stressors are accompanied by HIV,

women get mental health issues. These experiences service as additional stressors. These

experiences act as additional stressors and lead to increased difficulties in their psychological

adjustment. Middle-aged women are looked at as risk as they develop symptoms of

psychological distress especially anxiety and depressive symptoms (Monteiro, Canavarro, &

Pereira, 2017). Research shows that middle-aged women who are diagnosed with HIV have

more psychological distress prevalence than men diagnosed with the same virus. A study was

done where 1251 patients were asked to complete questionnaire while they were seeing their

specialists. The study considered their age, education and ethnicity. The study showed that

middle-aged women who were diagnosed with HIV had less education and were most likely

widowed. Younger women had significant higher scores on paranoid ideation, hostility and

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References

Emlet, C. A., Brennan, D. J., Brennenstuhl, S., Rueda, S., Hart, T. A., & Rourke, S. B. (2015).

The impact of HIV-related stigma on older and younger adults living with HIV disease:

does age matter? AIDS care, 520-528.

Monteiro, F., Canavarro, M. C., & Pereira, M. (2017). Prevalence and correlates of

psychological distress of middle-aged and older women living with HIV. Psychology,

Health & Medicine.