Writing Discussion

Running Head: CHILD LABOUR 3

Child Labour- Literature Review

Afghanistan: Thousands of child labourers in eastern province deprived of education. (2007, May 10). IRINnews.org. Retrieved October 11, 2007, from http://www.irinnews. org/Report.aspx?ReportId=72062

Source: News Article Child Labour: Brick Making

The above article provides reports concerning child labour practised in bricks fabrication in Afghanistan country, Sorkhroad in Nangahar province (Wal, 43). There happens to be an estimation of sixty manufacturing factory bricks in the area that make use of an approximate five thousand children under work force, as stated by saving the Sweden children. Red bricks obtained from the factories have their use in buildings constructed in Nangahar province. The article provides facts that kids in the brick fabrication centres are subject to harsh situations which include, working for twelve hours a day, inadequate sleeping, and physical injury and pain. As a result of the work, children end up not attending schools.

Poverty is the main backbone of child labour in Afghanistan fabrication industry. The country also has socio-cultural child labour acceptance as a way of providing economic support to the families. Despite Afghanistan being a CRC signatory among various treaties, the country does not have institutional infrastructure and support to help them enforce laws. UNICEF is on the path of establishing some community schools in Sorkhroad district to provide education to those children as a way of keeping them off from child labour in the brick’s fabrication centres.

International Organization for Migration. (2003). Trafficking in persons: An analysis of Afghanistan. Kabul, Afghanistan: Author. Retrieved October 11, 2007, from http://www. old.iom.int/documents/publication/en/afghan_trafficking.pdf

Source: International Organization Child Labour: Construction, Orchard Farming, Poppy Cultivation Child Trafficking: Domestic Labour, Poppy Cultivation, Sexual Exploitation, Labour, Drug Trafficking, Sexual Exploitation, Soldiering, Unspecified Forced Child Labour: Domestic Labour, Poppy Cultivation, Sexual Exploitation, Soldiering

It is one of the most in-depth and comprehensive reports of child trafficking and child labour in Afghanistan. IOM organization has started a project that will help in examining child trafficking in the area and Afghanistan country. Interviews and anecdotes responses that are inclusive in the whole report contextualize and illustrate child labour forms and exploitation. There are human trafficking forms in Afghanistan nation which include children who are involved in sexual exploitation and prostitution, organs removal, domestic servants, marriage for reliefs of debts, capture into forced marriages, domestic labour, forced labour, and slavery.

Child labour involves orchard agriculture and construction chores, while forced labour involves forced joining to military groups and sexual victimization. There are male kids trafficking to labour on poppy grounds since they are more energetic when, in comparison with their female counterparts (Kendall, 29). The interior department has formulated a department that will help in reducing individual trafficking and has its focus on enforcing laws to end the phenomena.

National Institute of Statistics of Albania. (2004). People and work in Albania: Labour force, employment and unemployment in the Transition. Tirana, Albania: Author. Retrieved August 11, 2008, from http://www.instat.gov.al/repoba/english/Researches/anglisht/ people%20and%20work/people%20and%20work25fevrier05.pdf

Source: Government Agency—National Institute of Statistics of Albania Child Labour: Agriculture, Trade

It was produced by INSTAT as a section of a project supported financially by the World Bank, is based on the 2001 census, the measurement of the living standard survey of 2002 (Hindman, 56). According to the conducted analysis, 9.8% of children from six years to fourteen years in Albania were working, mostly in the rural sectors, and 95.6% of the children in work were in agricultural business conducted by their families. 2% of the children working were in trade. In towns, children working were 0.3% of the total number of children from the age of six and fourteen, with a comparison of 16% in rural sectors.

International Labour Organization. (2005a). Making decent work an Asian goal: Combating child labour in Asia and the Pacific: Progress and challenges. Bangkok, Thailand: Author. Retrieved September 25, 2007, from http://www.ilo.org/ipecinfo/product/view Product.do;jsessionid=0a038009cebe6f9fd61ab8d4b5baee49f3af95a284f?productId=189

Source: International Organization Child Labour: Automobile Industry, Battery Recharging, Bidi (Cigarettes), Construction, Domestic Labour, Garments, Leather Tanning, Match Making, Transportation, Unspecified, Welding Child Trafficking: Unspecified

The report suggests that child force is required to be solved in the development policy in a country framework, including having a relationship to education and poverty. In Bangladesh, there is a prevalent of child labour in the battery charging, repair on an automobile, family labour, making of the match, activities based to the towns, welding companies and transportation. This report doesn't specify more on the kinds of activities based on the streets, nor even provide information concerning the purpose of the children trafficking. This report, however, has the details concerning the situation of child labour in the company that manufactures garment and the partnership of pioneer among ILO-IPEC, Bangladesh government, and the monitoring of the BGMEA companies and educating the recent child workers.

Global March against Child Labour. (2005). Worst forms of child labour. New Delhi, India: Author. Retrieved June 7, 2008, from http://www.globalmarch.org/worstformsreport/ world/belgium.html

Source: NGO Child Labour: Sexual Exploitation Child Trafficking: Sexual Exploitation Forced Child Labour: Unspecified

Nation sum-up based on sources from 2004 to 2005 and states that even if it is prohibited by the Belgian law, compulsory and forced labour of children is inclusive (Humbert, 23). There are reports acknowledged of the labour forced. It mentions Belgium is a destination and transit nation for abducted individuals. The article summarizes that prostitution for the child is in existence in Belgium with members exploited as young as ten years, child labour in goods production is not stated.

In the above articles, some voices are in representation. We find out that various legislations have come out to speak on behalf of the countries children who seem to be a marginalized group. It is evident by the way some are them are captured and taken in factories to work as slaves. If these children were to speak on their behalf, it would have taken a longer period since they seem to have no say in their nations. The reports from News Article Child Labour: Brick Making and Source: International Organization Child Labour has some similarities. They both talk about child labour in various forms that deprives children their right to education and also make them subjects of physical harm and injuries. It is a significant similarity because every child has the right to education no matter her background poverty. No child should be subjects of physical harm and injury because it may cause physical stunting and affect their future. The articles also state that their organizations that are stepping out to curb the child labour act.

	Source: News Article Child Labour:	Source: International Organization Child Labour	Source: Government Agency—National Institute of Statistics of Albania Child Labour	Source: International Organization Child Labour	Source: NGO Child Labour
Main idea 1	Poverty is the main backbone of child labour in Afghanistan fabrication industry.	Child trafficking and child labour in Afghanistan.	9.8% of children from six years to fourteen years in Albania were working	Child force is required to be solved in the development policy in a country framework	Compulsory and forced labour of children
Main idea 2	The country also has socio-cultural child labour acceptance as a way of providing economic support to the families.	IOM organization has started a project that will help in examining child trafficking in the area and Afghanistan country	95.6% of the children in work were in agricultural business conducted by their families.	There is a prevalent of child labour in the battery charging, and repair on an automobile	Belgium is a destination and transit nation for abducted individuals.
Main idea 3	The country does not have institutional infrastructure and support to help them enforce laws.	Children are involved in sexual exploitation and prostitution, organs removal, domestic servants, marriage for reliefs of debts, capture into forced marriages, domestic labour, forced labour, and slavery.	2% of the children working were in trade	Bangladesh government, and the monitoring of the BGMEA companies and educating the recent child workers.	It consists of reports from 2004 to 2005
Main idea 4	UNICEF is on the path of establishing some community schools in Sorkhroad district	Child labour involves orchard agriculture and construction chores, while forced labour involves forced joining to military groups and sexual victimization.	0.3% of the total number of children from the age of six and fourteen	It involves the situation of child labour in the company that manufactures garment and the partnership of pioneer among ILO-IPEC	There is existence of child prostitution
Main idea 5	kids in the brick fabrication centres are subject to harsh situations which include, working for twelve hours a day, inadequate sleeping, and physical injury and pain.	The interior department has formulated a department that will help in reducing individual trafficking and has its focus on enforcing laws to end the phenomena.	16% of children under child labour are in rural sectors	There should be a framework that deals with the relationship of education and poverty	Child forced labour is also applied in Belgium

Works Cited

Hindman, Hugh D. child labour. World Bank Publications, 2012.

Humbert, Franziska. The Challenge of Child Labour in International Law. Cambridge UP, 2019.

Kendall, Virginia M., and T. M. Funk. Child Exploitation and Trafficking: Examining the Global Challenges and U.S. Responses. Rowman & Littlefield, 2012.

Wal, S. Combating Child Labour Legal Approach. Sarup & Sons, 2016.