Virus

Chikungunyavirus.docx

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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging arbovirus from the Togaviridae family and the Alphavirus genus, that causes a crippling musculoskeletal inflammatory disease characterized by fever, polyarthralgia, myalgia, rash, and headache. It is transmitted to humans by infected mosquitos. Since the first confirmed CHIKV epidemic in the coastal area of Tanzania in 1952, the virus has caused outbreaks in eastern and central Africa, the Indian Ocean islands, southeast Asia, Central and South America, US territories, and Europe, with more than five million cases reported in the past 15 years (Who,2020).

The joint pain is often very debilitating; it usually lasts for a few days, but may be prolonged for weeks, months or even years. Hence, the virus can cause acute, subacute, or chronic disease. Chikungunya is rarely fatal. Symptoms are self-limiting and last for 2–3 days. The virus is still in the human system for 5-7 days and mosquitoes feeding on an infected person during this period can also become infected. Symptoms usually begin 3–7 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito (CDC (Center for Disease Control) (Center for Disease Control) (Center for Disease Control), 2020). The most common symptoms are fever and joint pain. Other symptoms may include headache, muscle pain, joint swelling, or rash. Chikungunya disease does not often result in death, but the symptoms can be severe and disabling.

In such a case, home remedies can prove to be immensely helpful. Applying garlic paste or segment oil with pepper can help in reducing inflammation and joint pain, especially around the knees. Taking a bath in hot water mixed with Epsom salt and neem leaves can also improve immunity and lesser pain.

Several methods can be used for diagnosis of chikungunya virus infection. Serological tests, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), may confirm the presence of IgM and IgG anti-chikungunya antibodies (Ganesuan, 2017). IgM antibody levels are highest 3 to 5 weeks after the onset of illness and persist for about 2 months.

The most effective way to prevent infection from chikungunya virus is to prevent mosquito bites. Mosquitoes bite during the day and night. Use insect repellent, wear long-sleeved shirts and pants, treat clothing, and gear, and take steps to control mosquitoes indoors and outdoors.

References:

Prevention/chikungunya virus/CDC. (October 1, 2020). CDC. Https.cdc.gov>chikungunya virus>prevention.

Ganesan, V.K. (2017, December). A mosquito transmitted alphavirus. NCBI. GOV. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc › articles › PMC5744143

World Health Organization. (WHO). Chikungunya. (2020, September 15,). WHO?