gened essay 1

A Crow in the North:

Enduring the Hostilities of Indigenous Populations

John Snow

History 201: Exploration and Anthropology

Professor Taylor Lohman

September 25, 2013

SAMPLE CHICAGO PAPER (16th ed.)

Chicago papers start

with a title page. The

title of the paper should

be 1/3 of the way down

the page and centered.

If there is a title and

subtitle, the two should

be on different lines,

separated by a colon.

About 2/3 of the way

down the page should

contain your name, the

date, and any other

information required by

your instructor.

Typically it will be the

name and section of

your class, and perhaps

the name of your

professor.

Snow 2

In a Chicago paper, there are no headings or subheadings, and there is no need to write

the title at the top of the page since there is already a title page. As with most papers Chicago

papers should be written in third-person unless otherwise indicated by your instructor. Avoid

using first-person (I, me, our) or second person language (you) and substitute those words with

third-person language (One might think…). Chicago papers should be written with 12-point,

Times New Roman font and should be double spaced. Margins should be one inch on each side,

and the first sentence of each new paragraph should be indented a half inch.

Chicago papers do not use in-text citations like the ones found in APA and MLA, but

instead use either footnotes or endnotes.1 When inserting a footnote, one should make sure the

number for the footnote directly follows the period, and is a regular number (1,2,3…) as opposed

to a roman numeral (i,ii,iii).2 For more information on how to change the formatting of footnotes,

consult the footnote/endnote guide sheet.3 Inserting a footnote will take you to the bottom of the

page where you will write the information about the source. If instead your professor has asked

for endnotes, inserting the number will bring you to the last page of your paper where all the

sources are compiled as a comprehensive list.4 The footnotes and endnotes resemble

bibliographic entries, but the formatting is different. Consult the footnote/endnote guide sheet for

more information about how to format different types of footnotes.5

When quoting something in your Chicago paper, you can simply “use regular

in-sentence quotation marks,” so long as your quote three lines long or less.6 If your

1 Robert Baratheon, Account of the Conquest of the Southern Kingdom (New York: Penguin, 1996), 99-100.

2 Baratheon, Account of the Conquest, 55.

3 Ibid., 443.

4 Ibid. 5 Ibid.

6 Ibid.

Chicago style calls for page numbers at the top of each page on the

right side. Some professors also like for your last name to be in the

header to the left of the page number It is good to ask a professor

their preference regarding the page number.

1 is an

example of a

book written

in correct

footnote

format. A full

footnote is

only necessary

the first time a

source is used

in the paper.

After that, a

shortened

form may be

used as shown

in example. 2

If the same source is used for two or more consecutive footnotes and

only the page number differs, one can simply write “Ibid” followed by

a period, comma, space, the page number, and another period. If two

or more consecutive footnotes have both source and page number in

common, one can simply write Ibid followed by a period.

Snow 3

direct quote is four lines or more (eight lines or more is Chicago’s recommendation, but most

professors ask for block quotes if the quote is over four lines) you will need to use a block quote.

The sentence before a block quote should end with a colon, and there should be one space

between this sentence and the block quote itself:

A block quote should be one space below the previous sentence, however the block quote itself

should be single spaced. There should be no quotation marks put around the block quote, as the

fact that it is in this format already implies that it is a quote. The entire block quote should be

indented .5. As a stylistic choice some also choose to make the font in a block quote one size

smaller. There should also be one line between the end of the block quote and the continuation of

the paper.7

After that one space one can carry on writing the paragraph. To format your block quotation,

simply highlight the section you would like to set off as a block quotation, right click, choose

“Paragraph,” and from there you will be able to change the spacing and indentation.

As Chicago papers do not have headings or subheadings, your conclusion need not be

sectioned off in any special way. It will simply be the last paragraph in your paper, where you

will give a summary of your main ideas. Make sure that your conclusion does not contain any

new ideas; a conclusion should simply be the wrap up in which you review the ideas you talked

about in your paper, and essentially reiterate the ideas of your thesis statement.

7 Ibid.

Snow 4

Notes

1. Robert Baratheon, Account of the Conquest of the Southern Kingdom (New York:

Penguin, 1996), 99-100. Book

2. Baratheon, Account of the Conquest, 55.

3. Ibid., 443.

4. Ibid.

5. Ibid.

6. Ibid.

7. Taylor Jones and Mark Nutt, Winning Drive: The Truth Behind Olympic Gold

(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002), 420. Book with Multiple Authors

8. Flynt Cole, “The American Fascination with International Espionage,” in The Rise and

Fall of Cold War Popular Culture, ed. Michael Jones (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,

2006), 55-56. Chapter in an Edited Work

9. John Smith, “Time and Relative Dimensions in Space,” Journal of Astrophysics 283,

no. 5 (2000): 597. Journal Article

10. Gavin Free, “What is Game Night? How Electronic Media is Contributing to the

Degradation of Traditional Family Values,” New York Times, January 12, 2008, 67.

Newspaper Article

11. Angela Watercutter, “Feminist Take on Games Draws Crude Ridicule, Massive

Support,” Wired, last modified June 14, 2012, http://www.wired.com/underwire/2012/06/anita-

sarkeesian-feminist-games/. Article from a Website

You do not need an endnotes page if

you use footnotes, you will use one or

the other, and endnote citations follow

the same format as footnote citations.

Endnotes should be on their

own page. The first line of each

endnote should be indented half

an inch, the endnotes should be

single spaced, and there should

be one line between each new

note. Unlike with footnotes the

note number is not raised and is

followed by a period.

Though Microsoft Word has a button to add endnotes, these endnotes are

not in correct Chicago style. See the handout on how to add footnotes and

endnotes to learn how to correctly add endnotes.

Snow 5

Bibliography

Baratheon, Robert. Account of the Conquest of the Southern Kingdom. New York: Penguin,

1996. Book

Cole, Flynt. “The American Fascination with International Espionage.” In The Rise and Fall of

Cold War Popular Culture, edited by Michael Jones, 50-100. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press, 2006. Chapter in an Edited Work

Gavin Free, “What is Game Night? How Electronic Media is Contributing to the Degradation of

Traditional Family Values.” New York Times. January 12, 2008, 67. Newspaper Article

Jones, Taylor and Mark Nutt. Winning Drive: The Truth Behind Olympic Gold. Berkeley:

University of California Press, 2002. Book with Multiple Authors

Smith, John. “Time and Relative Dimensions in Space.” Journal of Astrophysics 283, no. 5

(2000): 597-630. Journal Article

Watercutter, Angela. “Feminist Take on Games Draws Crude Ridicule, Massive Support.”

Wired. Last modified June 14, 2012. http://www.wired.com/underwire/2012/06/anita-

sarkeesian-feminist-games/. Web Article

Whether you use footnotes or endnotes, the paper

will still need an additional bibliography on its

own page at the end of the paper. Each citation

should be single spaced with one line in between

each entry. Each citation should have a hanging

indent (highlight the citation, right click, choose

paragraph, change indentation to ‘hanging’) and

citations should be in order by author last name.

Also make sure to note the fact that bibliography

citations are formatted differently than

footnote/endnote citations.

Snow 6

Chicago Footnote/Bibliography Citation Guide

Book

Footnote/Endnote:

AuthorFirstName AuthorLastName, Title of the Book (Publishing City: Publisher,

YearPublished), Page Range.

1 Robert Baratheon, Account of the Conquest of the Southern Kingdom (New York:

Penguin, 1996), 99-100.

Shortened Footnote Format:

1 Baratheon, Account of the Conquest, 99-100.

Bibliographic Format:

Baratheon, Robert. Account of the Conquest of the Southern Kingdom. New York: Penguin,

1996.

Book with Two or More Authors

Footnote/Endnote:

AuthorFirstName AuthorLastName and AuthorFirstName AuthorLastName, Title of the

Book (PublishingCity: Publisher, YearPublished), Page Range.

2Taylor Jones and Mark Nutt, Winning Drive: The Truth Behind Olympic Gold

(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002), 420.

Shortened Footnote Format:

1Jones and Nutt, Winning Drive, 420.

Bibliographic Format:

Jones, Taylor and Mark Nutt. Winning Drive: The Truth Behind Olympic Gold. Berkeley:

University of California Press, 2002.

Chapter in an Edited Work

Footnote/Endnote:

Snow 7

AuthorFirstName AuthorLastname, “Title of the Chapter,” in Title of the book, ed.

EditorFirstName EditorLastName (PublishingCity: Publisher, YearPublished), PageRange.

3Flynt Cole, “The American Fascination with International Espionage,” in The Rise and

Fall of Cold War Popular Culture, ed. Michael Jones (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,

2006) 55-56.

Shortened Footnote Format:

3Cole, “The American Fascination with International Espionage,” 45-47.

Biblographic Format:

Cole, Flynt. “The American Fascination with International Espionage.” In The Rise and Fall of

Cold War Popular Culture, edited by Michael Jones, 50-100. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press, 2006.

Journal Article

Footnote/Endnote Format:

AuthorFirstName AuthorLastName, “Article Title,” Journal Title VolumeNumber, no.

IssueNumber (YearPublished): Page.

John Smith, “Time and Relative Dimensions in Space,” Journal of Astrophysics 283, no.

5 (2000): 597.

Shortened Footnote Format:

Smith, “Time and Relative Dimensions in Space,” 590-592.

Bibliographic Format:

Smith, John. “Time and Relative Dimensions in Space.” Journal of Astrophysics 283, no. 5

(2000): 597-630.

Newspaper Article

Footnote/Endnote Format:

AuthorFirstName AuthorLastName, “Article Title,” Newspaper, Month Day, Year,

PageNumberORSectionNumber.

Gavin Free, “What is Game Night? How Electronic Media is Contributing to the

Degradation of Traditional Family Values,” New York Times, January 12, 2008, 67.

Shortened Footnote Format:

Snow 8

Free, “What is Game Night,” 68.

Bibliographic Format:

Gavin Free, “What is Game Night? How Electronic Media is Contributing to the Degradation of

Traditional Family Values.” New York Times. January 12, 2008, 67.

Article from a Website

Footnote/Endnote Format:

AuthorFirstName AuthorLastName, “Article Title/Webpage Title,” WebsiteTitle, last modified

date, URL.

Angela Watercutter, “Feminist Take on Games Draws Crude Ridicule, Massive Support,”

Wired, last modified June 14, 2012, http://www.wired.com/underwire/2012/06/anita-sarkeesian-

feminist-games/.

Bibliography Format

Watercutter, Angela. “Feminist Take on Games Draws Crude Ridicule, Massive Support.”

Wired. Last modified June 14, 2012. http://www.wired.com/underwire/2012/06/anita-

sarkeesian-feminist-games/.