Public Finance Topic chosen and The Introduction.

Reference and Curriculum Services Homer Babbidge Library • University of Connecticut

Chicago Manual of Style

By Kathy Banas-Marti February 2018

How to Prepare Bibliographic Citations: Chicago Manual of Style Author-Date References

SOURCE: The Chicago Manual of Style. 17th ed., Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017.

Babbidge Library/Level B/Ref. Z253 .U69 2017 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/book/ed17/frontmatter/toc.html The author-date-system is used by many in most social sciences and in the natural and

physical sciences. Sources are cited in the text in parentheses, by the author’s last name, the date of publication, and a page number. Full details appear in the reference list, labeled “References” or “Works Cited” in which the year of publication appears immediately after the author’s name. This arrangement makes it easy to follow a text citation to the corresponding full source in the reference list.

Author-date references – Examples and variations Book with Single Author or Editor – Invert the name in the reference list; in the text, include only the last

name. Text: (Strayed 2012, 87-88) Reference List Entries: Strayed, Cheryl. 2012. Wild: From Lost to Found on the Pacific Crest Trail.

New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Book with Two Authors – Only the first listed name is inverted in the reference list. Text: (Grazer and Fishman 2015, 188) Reference List: Grazer, Brian, and Charles Fishman. 2015. A Curios Mind: The Secret to a Bigger

Life. New York: Simon & Schuster. Book with Three or More Authors – Only the first list name is inverted in the reference list. Text: (Berkman, Bauer, and Nold 2011, 7-10)) Reference List: Berkman, Alexander, Henry Bauer, and Carol Nold. 2011. Prison Blossoms:

Anarchist Voices from the American Past. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

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Book with Author plus Editor or Translator Text: (Garcia Marquez, 1988, 242-55) Reference List: Garcia Marquez, Gabriel. 1988. Love in the Time of Cholera. Translated by Edith

Grossman. London: Cape. Chapter in an Edited Book – Include the chapter author; the chapter title, in quotation marks; and the editor.

Precede the title of the book with In. Note the location of the page range for the chapter in the reference list entry.

Text: Wiese 2006, 101-2) Reference List: Wiese, Andrew. 2006. “The house I live in”: Race, class, and African American

suburban dreams in the postwar United States. In The new suburban history, edited by Kevin M. Kruse and Thomas J. Sugrue, 99–119. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Journal Article – Citations of journals include the volume and issue number and the date of publication. The

volume number follows the italicized journal title A specific page reference is included in the text; the page range for an article is included in the reference list, preceded by a colon.

Text: (Smith 1998, 639) Reference List: Smith, John Maynard. 1998. The origin of altruism. Nature 393:639-640. Article in an Online Journal – Use the DOI rather than the URL. Text: (Liu 2015, 312) Reference List: Liu, Jui-Ch’i. 2015. “Beholding the Feminine Sublime: Lee Miller’s War

Photography.” Signs 40, no.2 (Winter): 308-19. https://doi.org/10.1086/678242. Newspapers and Magazines in Reference Lists – It is usually sufficient to cite newspaper and magazine

articles entirely within the text. However, if a reference list entry is needed, repeat the year of publication with the month and day to avoid any confusion. To cite an article consulted online, include the URL, or if no suitable URL is available, the name of the database.

Niederkorn, William S. 2002. A scholar recants on his “Shakespeare” discovery. New York

Times, June 20, Arts section, Midwest edition.

Meikle, James. 2015. “Nearly 75% of Men and 65% of Women in UK to Be Overweight by 2030-Study.” Guardian (UK edition), May 5, 2015. https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/may/05/obesity-crisis-projections-uk-2030-men- women.

Websites – An access date is required in citations of website and other sources consulted online only if no date of publication or revision can be determined from the source. When only an access date is used, use n.d. as the date of publication in the reference list entry and for the in-text citation.

Text: (Alliance for Linguistic Diversity, n.d.) Reference List: Alliance for Linguistic Diversity. n.d. “Carpathian Romani.” Endangered Languages.

Accessed September 11, 2017. http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/3263

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Blogs – Like newspaper and magazine articles, it is often sufficient to cite blog posts entirely within the text. If

a reference list is needed, repeat the year of publication with the month and day to avoid any confusion. References to an entire blog should also be made in the text rather than in a reference list.

Constine, Josh. 2017. “Twitter Has an Unlaunched Tweetstorm Feature.” TechCrunch (blog), The

Daily Crunch. September 11, 2017. https://techcrunch.com/2017/09/10/tweetstorm-button/. Comments are not included in reference lists; instead they should be cited in the text, in reference

to the related post. A comment on Constine (2017) from TechCrunch (on September 10, 2017) insisted that…. Social Media –Citations of social media content can often be limited to the text. A frequently cited account or

an extensive thread related to a single subject or post, however, may be included in a reference list. In the text, cite the name under which the entry is listed. In the reference list, include the real name and a screen name.

Text: (O’Brien 2015) Reference List: O’Brien, Conan (@ConanOBrien). 2015. “In honor of Earth Day, I’m recycling my

tweets.” Twitter, April 22, 2015, 11:10a.m. https://twitter.com/ConanOBrien/status/59094079267016448.