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This brief guide is primarily for students writing assignments at Curtin University; not for those using the Chicago 17th style for publishing. If you are publishing in the Chicago 17th style, please consult the Chicago Manual of Style:

The Chicago Manual of Style. 2017. 17th ed. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.

Guide Contents:

Using this guide About Chicago referencing In-text citations explained Quoting (less than 40 words) Quoting (more than 40 words) Paraphrasing Multiple sources for the same information Multiple works by the same author(s) Multiple works by the same author in the same year Different authors, same surname Authors citing other authors Author variations No author 1 – 2 authors 3 authors 4 or more authors Organisation as author Reference components

Tables and figures (including images) – see the separate Chicago 17th B Referencing Tables and Figures guide

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Reference list examples Journal and news articles Journal article Journal article – Advance online publication Journal article – Supplement Newspaper or magazine article Books Book Chapter in an edited book Conference paper or poster Thesis Book review Websites and social media Entire website Webpage on a website Webpage – no date Blog post Lecture Facebook Instagram Twitter

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Reference list examples Reports and grey literature Government or organisation report Australian Bureau of Statistics Press release Brochure, fact sheet or pamphlet Legislation and standards Act of Parliament Case Standard Audiovisual media Film or video TV series episode TV series YouTube or other streaming video Podcast episode Music Other sources Personal communication Data set Company information Annual report Dataset from a company database Company and industry reports

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It is important that you check the assignment guide of your department or school as some details such as punctuation may vary from guidelines provided in this guide. You may be penalised for not conforming to your School’s requirements. All referencing queries should be addressed to the appropriate lecturer or supervisor.

https://libguides.library.curtin.edu.au/ld.php?content_id=46956996

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Using this guide

This guide includes three sections which, when used together, will address how to create in-text citations and reference list entries in the Chicago 17th B referencing style.

Within the Chicago section of the library’s referencing guides you will find additional information (https://libguides.library.curtin.edu.au/referencing/chicago):

• Sample reference list • Referencing for tables and figures • Support materials: Providing links to the Chicago manual and Chicago style blog.

In-text citations explained

Provides information and examples regarding quoting, paraphrasing and other scenarios primarily impacting your in-text citations.

Author variations Provides information and examples crucial to the construction of your in-text citations and reference list. Not sure how to display different numbers of authors, a corporate

author or no author at all? You’ll find the information here.

Reference list examples Provides information and examples for constructing your reference list entries.

https://libguides.library.curtin.edu.au/referencing/chicago

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About Chicago 17th B referencing

Referencing is a standardised method of acknowledging sources of information and ideas that you have used in your assignments or research, in a way that uniquely identifies the source. It is not only necessary for avoiding plagiarism, but also for supporting your ideas and arguments.

There are two parts to referencing:

• In-text citation • Reference list entry

In-text citations explained

In-text citations are included throughout the course of your writing, to acknowledge the sources of information you have used to build and support your ideas. An in-text citation provides information about the author, the year the information was published, and sometimes location information such as a page number.

An in-text citation can be presented in different ways:

Stark and Lannister (2019) – the author(s) names are part of the sentence, appearing outside the brackets

(Stark and Lannister 2019) – all the referencing information appears within brackets

The table below provides additional information and examples of how to reference in-text when quoting and paraphrasing in the Chicago 17thB author-date style.

Quoting (40 words or less)

Quoting is when you copy the exact words from another source into your work.

• Short quotations should be run in (incorporated) within the text • Place quotation marks around the quote • In-text citation includes author, year of publication and page number • Use paragraph number for sources where the page number is not available

In-text citation According to Palladino and Wade (2010, 147), “a flexible mind is a healthy mind.” In fact, “a flexible mind is a healthy mind” (Palladino and Wade 2010, 147). Lee (2015, para. 1) states that, “double quotation marks are used to enclose quoted material.” “In the APA and Chicago referencing styles, double quotation marks are used to enclose quoted material” (Lee 2015, para. 1).

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Quoting (40 words or more)

• Use a freestanding block of text which: o Starts on a new line o Is indented from the left margin o Does not include quotation marks

• Your in-text citation will appear in brackets after the final punctuation mark and will include the author, year of publication, and page/paragraph number (note: there is no punctuation mark after the in-text citation)

In-text citation In-text citations are important in academic writing, drawing the parallel between the author’s work and the sources which support it:

The function of any citation-signaller is to alert the reader to some kind of association between the citing text and the cited text. Citation-signallers may additionally, by using page references or chapter numbers, single out a particular part of the text as especially relevant. (Langham 2005, 361)

Paraphrasing Paraphrasing is when you present the ideas of others in your own words.

• In-text citation includes author and year of publication • Check with your lecturer to see whether you should also include a page number (which is recommended

in the Chicago manual, but not required) In-text citation Palladino and Wade (2010) argue that mental well-being is linked with flexible thinking. It could be argued that mental flexibility is a key factor in well-being (Palladino and Wade 2010). Multiple sources for the same information When including multiple sources to support a particular point in your writing or demonstrate a consensus:

• Include all sources in the same set of brackets. You can choose to order these names alphabetically by author, chronologically by date of publication, or by importance, whichever best supports your work

• Separate the citations with semi colons • Include a reference list entry for each source

In-text citation There is an established consensus that the current trend towards a warming climate is directly linked to human activity (Hegerl 1996; Levitus et al. 2017; NASA, n.d.; Robinson, Hall, and Mote 2014; Santer et al. 2003).

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Multiple works by the same author(s) – published in different years

• Order chronologically in the reference list • For a publication with no date (n.d.) list this after the authors’ other publications with dates

In-text citation (Bull 2008). OR Bull (2008) states... Reference list Bull, Melissa. 2008. Governing the Heroin Trade: From Treaties to Treatment. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.

http://CURTIN.eblib.com.au/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=438571. Bull, Melissa. 2010. Punishment and Sentencing: Risk, Rehabilitation and Restitution. South Melbourne, VIC:

Oxford University Press. http://CURTIN.eblib.com.au/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1985996. Multiple works by the same author(s) – published in the same year

• Add a, b, c after the year to differentiate works by the same author(s) published in the same year • Order alphabetically by the title of the work in the reference list • For references that have no date (shown by n.d.), use the following forms for the date in the in-text

citation and reference list: (n.d.-a), (n.d.-b) etc. In-text citation (Clarke and Fawcett 2014b). AND Clarke and Fawcett (2014a) suggest that… Reference list Clarke, Pamela, and Jacqueline Fawcett. 2014a. “Life as a Mentor.” Nursing Science Quarterly 27 (3): 213-215.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0894318414534492. Clarke, Pamela, and Jaqueline Fawcett. 2014b. “Life as a Nurse Researcher.” Nursing Science Quarterly 27 (1): 37-

41. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894318413509708. Different authors with the same surname If referring to two or more publications where the primary (first) authors have the same surname, include the first author’s initials in all in-text citations, even if the year of publication differs. In-text citation (B. Johnson 2017). OR According to B. Johnson (2017)… (M. Johnson, Sanchez, and Zheng 2016). OR M. Johnson, Sanchez, and Zheng (2016) state…

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Authors citing other authors Academic content such as books and journal articles will often contain a lot of citations. When do you need to give credit to the original author (primary source)? Cite the original author when:

• They are quoted by your source (the secondary source) • When a specific study is discussed in the secondary source and you reproduce findings or arguments from

that study without accessing the primary source • The in-text citation should include author details from the primary source, as well as the author, year of

publication and page/paragraph number from the secondary source • Only the secondary source is included in the reference list

In-text citation …"event in nature or in society” (Blaikie et al. 1994, as quoted by Maldonado et al. 2013, 602). Lazrus (2012, as quoted by Maldonado et al. 2013, 610) outlines the exemptions for certain populations. Reference list Maldonado, Julie, Christine Shearer, Robin Bronen, Kristina Peterson, and Heather Lazrus. 2013. “The Impact of

Climate Change on Tribal Communities in the US: Displacement, Relocation, and Human Rights.” Climatic Change 120 (3): 601-614. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0746-z.

Author variations (for in-text citations and reference list)

Author variations apply to all reference types

No author Most published scholarly sources will have an author. If no personal author is given, check to see if an organisation/corporate body has acted as the author and that the source is credible. Where there are no authors follow the guidelines below:

• Use the title of the work in place of the author in the in-text citation and in the reference list • If the title is too long, shorten it in the in-text citation but always include the first word of the title • If the item is a smaller part of a publication (e.g. journal article, book chapter), enclose the title in

quotation marks in both the in-text and reference list • If the item is a book, brochure, website or report, italicise the title both in the in-text and reference list

Note: Newspaper or magazine articles are exceptions to the above guidelines. Refer to the Newspaper and magazine article section of this guide In-text citation ("A Profession In Charge" 2015). OR In the article "A Profession In Charge" (2015) ... Reference list "A Profession In Charge of Its Future - A Vision for 2030." 2015. Veterinary Record 177 (20): 503-504.

https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.h6215.

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One – two authors

• List author(s) in every citation • Include all authors in the reference list entry

In-text citation (Burns 2015). OR Burns (2015) claimed that… (Lane and Catling 2016). OR Lane and Catling (2016) found that... Reference list Burns, Timothy. 2015. “Philosophy and Poetry: A New Look at an Old Quarrel.” The American Political Science

Review 109 (2): 326-338. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055415000076. Lane, Rod, and Simon Catling. 2016. “Preservice Primary Teachers’ Depth and Accuracy of Knowledge of Tropical

Cyclones.” Journal of Geography 115 (5): 198-211. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221341.2016.1153133. Three authors

• For in-text citations, include all author surnames • Include all authors in the reference list entry

In-text citation (Thomas, Russell, and Warren 2018). OR Thomas, Russell, and Warren (2018) found that... Reference list Thomas, M’Balia, Alisa L. Russell, and Hannah V. Warren. 2018. “The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly of the Pedagogy

in Harry Potter: An Inquiry into the Personal Practical Knowledge of Remus Lupin, Rubeus Hagrid, and Serverus Snape.” The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas 91 (4-5): 186- 192. https://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.2018.1433152.

Four or more authors

• For in-text citations, include only the surname of the first author followed by et al. (meaning and others) • Include all authors in the reference list entry

In-text citation (Crysel et al. 2015). OR Crysel et al. (2015) claimed that... Reference list Crysel, Laura C., Corey L. Cook, Tatiana Schember, and Gregory D. Webster. 2015. “Harry Potter and the Measures

of Personality: Extraverted Gryffindors, Agreeable Hufflepuffs, Clever Ravenclaws, and Manipulative Slytherins.” Personality and Individual Differences 83:174-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.04.016.

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Organisation as author

• If required, organisation names can be abbreviated for the in-text citation, however the name should be written out in full the first time it is mentioned in text to avoid ambiguity

• If you have used the abbreviated name in the in-text citation, list the abbreviated name first followed by the organisation’s full name in brackets in the reference list e.g. WHO (World Health Organization)

• Where multiple departments are listed, use the organisation most responsible for the information as the author. In government documents particularly, the hierarchy is often displayed.

o For example: Royal Perth Hospital, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia. The smallest department is usually primarily responsible for the content (in this case, Royal Perth Hospital)

In-text citation (Australian Red Cross 2017). OR The Australian Red Cross (2017) argues… In-text citation: Optional organisation name abbreviation First citation: (World Health Organization [WHO] 2018). OR According to the World Health Organization (WHO 2018)…. Subsequent citations: (WHO 2018). OR WHO (2018) reports… Reference list Australian Red Cross. 2017. Climate-Ready Communities: A Guide to Getting Started. Carlton, VIC: Australian Red

Cross. https://www.redcross.org.au/getmedia/b5b004b5-e572-4d9d-a1a1-c8fb5d1be5e3/climate-ready- communities-a-guide-to-getting-started.pdf.aspx.

WHO (World Health Organization). 2018. Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018. Geneva: World Health

Organisation. https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2018/en/.

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Reference components

A reference consists of a number of components that allow the identification of the original source. These components must be presented with specific formatting. Examples for a couple of reference types are provided below. Find components for additional reference types in the table of reference list examples.

Journal article:

Chapter in an edited ebook

Lee, Christina. 2012. “Have Magic Will Travel: Tourism and Harry Potter’s United (Magical) Kingdom.” Tourist Studies 12 (1): 52-69. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797612438438.

Author

The first author’s surname is listed first, followed by their first name. The Author variations section of this guide will show you how to present different numbers of authors

Volume Issue Number (displayed in brackets): Page range

DOI (Digital Object Identifier)

A stable URL which acts as an online address. Not all online sources will have a DOI. If one hasn’t been assigned, substitute the URL.

Year

The year of publication

Article title

Display enclosed in quotation marks and in headline style capitalisation – capitalise all significant words

Journal Title

Italicise the title and use headline style capitalisation

Applebaum, Peter. 2008. “The Great Snape Debate.” In Critical Perspectives on Harry Potter, 2nd ed., edited by Elizabeth E. Heilman, 83-100. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203892817.

Chapter author

The chapter author is responsible for the content within a chapter. Their surname(s) appear in the in-text citations

Editor

The editor is responsible for bringing together content written by authors to form a book. Their first name(s) are provided first, followed by a surname

Year

The year of publication

Chapter title

Display enclosed in quotation marks using headline-style capitalisation

Book title

Appears italicised and in headline- style capitalisation

Chapter page range Edition statement (not provided for a first edition)

Page 10 of 24 Check the author variations section (pp. 6 -8) for information on presenting the author component of your reference

Reference list examples

Your reference list includes all of the books, journal articles, reports etc. that you have cited in the text of your work. When using the Chicago 17thB style:

• Include the reference list at the end of your work on a new page • Label the page References with this title appearing centred, at the top of the page (it should not be bolded, underlined, or have quotation marks around it) • Arrange the list alphabetically by the first author’s surname or organisation name. Where there is no author, use the first word of the title (other than A, An, or The) • All titles appear in headline style capitalisation (where all significant words are capitalised) • See an example of a Chicago 17thB reference list in the Chicago Author-Date Referencing Guide: Sample Reference List

Journal and news articles

In-text example Reference list example

Journal article Components: (Author Year) Example (Burns 2015). If quoting: (Burns 2015, 326).

Components: Author Surname, First Name(s). Year. “Article Title.” Journal Title Volume Number (Issue Number): Page Range.

https://doi.org... or URL. Example: Burns, Timothy. 2015. “Philosophy and Poetry: A New Look at an Old Quarrel.” The American Political Science Review 109 (2):

326-338. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055415000076. Extra tips: • The DOI is given preference over a URL due to its stable nature. If there is no DOI, include the item’s URL • For print journal articles omit the DOI or URL • For journal articles without an issue number, list the page number after the volume number separated by a colon e.g.

25:56-59. • Where only the volume and a month or season is available, include this in place of the issue number e.g. 25 (May): 56-59.

https://libguides.library.curtin.edu.au/ld.php?content_id=40841212

Page 11 of 24 Check the author variations section (pp. 6 -8) for information on presenting the author component of your reference

Journal article – Advanced online publication

Components: (Author Year) Example: (Napoli, Dickinson- Delaporte, and Beverland 2016) If quoting: (Napoli, Dickinson- Delaporte, and Beverland 2016, 122)

Components: Author Surname, First Name(s). Year. “Article Title.” Journal Title (forthcoming). https://doi.org... or URL. Example: Napoli, Julie, Sonia Dickinson-Delaporte, and Michael B. Beverland. 2016. “The Brand Authenticity Continuum: Strategic

Approaches for Building Value.” Journal of Marketing Management (forthcoming). https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2016.1145722.

Extra tips: • Advance online publications are articles that have been accepted for publication but are published online first ahead of

print. They will not have a volume or issue number • If the article has an electronic page range, put this after the term ‘forthcoming’ e.g. (forthcoming): 1-10

Journal article – published in a supplement

Components: (Author Year) Example: (Lock 2005) If quoting: (Lock 2005, S50 )

Components: Author Surname, First Name(s). Year. “Article Title.” Journal Title Volume Number (Suppl. #): Spage range. https://doi.org... or

URL. Example: Lock, Margaret. 2005. “Eclipse of the Gene and the Return of Divination.” Current Anthropology 46 (Suppl. 5): S47–S70.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/432452. Extra tips: • Replace issue number with supplement letter or number e.g. Suppl. A or Suppl. 5 • For print journal articles, use the reference components above omitting the DOI or URL

Page 12 of 24 Check the author variations section (pp. 6 -8) for information on presenting the author component of your reference

Newspaper or magazine article

Components: (Author Year) Example: (Haberman and Baker 2017) (Weekend Edition Saturday 2015) If quoting: (Weekend Edition Saturday 2015, 23) When quoting, if the article has no page number, cite the paragraph number

Components: Author Surname, First Name(s). Year. “Title of Article.” Newspaper/Magazine Title, Month Day, Year. URL. Example: Haberman, Maggie, and Peter Baker. 2017. “In Call with Times Reporter, Trump Projects Air of Calm Over Charges.” New York

Times, November 1, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/01/us/politics/trump- russia-charges.html. Example: No author Weekend Edition Saturday. 2015. “Fairytales Exist: Migrants Get a Football Team of Their Own.” May 9, 2015.

https://search.proquest.com.docview?1679726805?accountid=10382. Extra tips: • If the article has no author, use the title of the newspaper or magazine in place of the author for the in- text citation. The

name of the newspaper and/or magazine is italicised • For print articles, include the page number after the month day and year (e.g. May 9, 2015, 5) • In the reference list, repeat the year of publication with the month, day and year

Books In-text example Reference list example

Book Components (Author Year) Examples: (Fleer 2015) (Doyle, McEachern, and MacGregor 2015) If quoting: (Fleer 2015, 5)

Components: Author Surname, First Name(s). Year. Book Title. # ed. Place of Publication: Publisher. https://doi.org... or URL. Examples: Doyle, Timothy, Doug McEachern, and Sherilyn MacGregor. 2015. Environment and Politics. 4th ed. Milton Park, NSW:

Routledge. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/curtin/detail.action?docID=2194948. Fleer, Marilyn. 2015. Science for Children. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Extra tips: • An edition number is placed after the title of the work – this is not necessary for the first edition • If the author(s) first name is not provided, use initials

Page 13 of 24 Check the author variations section (pp. 6 -8) for information on presenting the author component of your reference

Chapter in an edited book

Components (Author Year) Examples: (Renner, Brew, and Proctor 2013) (Juvonen and Graham 2004) If quoting: (Renner, Brew, and Proctor 2013, 177) (Juvonen and Graham 2004, 231)

Components Chapter Author Surname, First Name(s). Year. “Title of Chapter.” In Title of Book, # ed., edited by Editor(s) First Name(s) Last

Name, Chapter Page Range. Place of Publication: Publisher. https://doi.org... or URL. Examples: Renner, Adam, Bridget Brew, and Crystal Proctor. 2013. “Plotting Inequality, Building Resistance.” In Rethinking Mathematics:

Teaching Social Justice by the Numbers, 2nd ed., edited by Eric Gutstein and Bob Peterson, 175-180. Milwaukee, WI: Rethinking Schools.

Juvonen, Jaana, and Sandra Graham. 2004. “Research Based Interventions on Bullying.” In Bullying: Implications for the

Classroom, edited by Cheryl E. Sanders and Gary D. Phye, 229-255. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/curtin/detail.action?docID=226831.

Extra tips: • For online books, the DOI is given preference over a URL due to its stable nature. If one has been assigned, include it in

your reference. If you cannot locate a DOI, include the item’s URL • For books with an edition, place the edition number after the title of the book – this is not necessary for first editions • Use this format for authored articles in Dictionaries and Encyclopaedias

Conference paper or poster

Components: (Author Year) Example: (Loughnane 2014) If quoting (Loughnane 2014, 5)

Components: Author Surname, First Name(s). Year. “Title of Paper.” Paper presented at the Name of Conference, City, State/Country, Month

Day(s), Year. https://doi.org... or URL. Example: Loughnane, Lawrence. 2014. “Innovation and Strategy: Linking Management Practices to Achieve Superior Performance.”

Paper presented at the European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Belfast, Ireland, September 18-19, 2014. https://search.proquest.com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/docview/1674838588?accountid=10382.

Extra tips: • If publication details such as dates or location are not provided, you can easily discover this information by searching for

the Conference Name on Google • A Conference paper included in published proceedings is treated like a chapter from a book. If the paper is published in a

journal, it is treated as a journal article

Page 14 of 24 Check the author variations section (pp. 6 -8) for information on presenting the author component of your reference

Thesis Components: (Author Year) Example: (Ling 2015) If quoting: (Ling 2015, 88)

Components: Author Surname, First Name(s). Year. “Title of Thesis.” PhD diss., or Master’s thesis, University Name. https://doi.org... or

URL. Examples: Gao, Wenran. 2018. “Fuel Properties and Thermal Processing of Bio-oil and Its Derived Full Mixtures.” PhD diss., Curtin

University. https://espace.curtin.edu.au/handle/20.500.11937/75545. Ling, Justin. 2015. “Lords and Ladies of the Modern Age.” Master’s thesis, Mills College.

https://search.proquest.com/dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/docview/1676462563?accountid-10382. Extra tips: • Following the title of the thesis, indicate the level of the thesis using either

o PhD diss. for a thesis submitted for PhD o Master’s thesis

Book review Components: (Author Year) Examples: (Gerry 2015) If quoting: (Gerry 2015, 364)

Components: Reviewer Surname, First Name(s). Year. Review of Book Title, by Author’s First Name(s) Surname (of the book). Journal Title

Volume Number (Issue Number): Page Range. https://doi.org... or URL. Examples: Gerry, Michelle. 2015. Review of More Library Mashups: Exploring New Ways to Deliver Library Data, edited by Nicole C.

Engard. Technical Services Quarterly 32 (3): 364-366. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317131.2015.1032111. Robbins, Mark. 2011. Review of The American Bird Conservancy Guide to Bird Conservation by Daniel J. Lebbin, Michael J. Parr

and George H. Fenwick. The Quarterly Review of Biology 86 (4): 343-344. https://doi.org/10.1086/662504. Extra tips: • Name of book author or editor of the item being reviewed should be displayed as First Name Surname • Use editor name in place of author’s name for an edited book

Page 15 of 24 Check the author variations section (pp. 6 -8) for information on presenting the author component of your reference

Websites and social media

In-text example Reference list example

Entire website Components: (Owning Organisation Year) Example: (Government of Western Australia, n.d.)

Components: Owning Organisation. Year. Title of Website. URL. Example: Government of Western Australia. n.d. Perth Zoo. Accessed March 20, 2017. http://perthzoo.wa.gov.au. Extra tips: • If citing from a particular page on the website, use the Webpage reference type • If citing a website with no date, give an access date before the URL and use n.d. (meaning no date) in place of the year

Webpage Components: (Author Year) Example: (Department of Education 2019) If quoting: (Department of Education 2019, para. 3)

Components: Author Surname, First Name(s) or Organisation Name. Year. “Title of Webpage.” Owning Organisation. URL. Example: Department of Education. 2019. “Higher Education Statistics.” Australian Government. https://www.education.gov.au/higher-

education-statistics. Extra tips: • Use when referring to a specific page on a website (not the entire website) • If you have used the abbreviated name in the in-text citation, list the abbreviated name first followed by the

organisation’s full name in brackets in the reference list e.g. WHO (World Health Organization)

Webpage – no date

Components: (Author Year) Example: (DevelopmentWA, n.d.)

Components: Author Surname, First Name(s) or Organisation Name. n.d. “Title of Webpage.” Owning Organisation. Accessed Month Day,

Year. URL. Example: Development WA. n.d. “Elizabeth Quay.” Government of Western Australia. Accessed March 8, 2016.

http://www.mra.wa.gov.au/projects-and-places/elizabeth-quay. Extra tips: • In the reference list, always provide an access date for webpages with no date

Page 16 of 24 Check the author variations section (pp. 6 -8) for information on presenting the author component of your reference

Blog post Components: (Author Year) Example: (Huberman 2016) If quoting: (Huberman 2016, para. 1) When quoting, if the source has no page numbers, use a paragraph number.

Components: Author Surname, First Name(s). “Title of Blog Post.” Title of Blog, Month Day, Year. URL. Example: Huberman, Ben. 2016. “Live from Paris: David Lebovitz on Food, France, and Writing.” Discover (blog), March 3, 2016.

https://discover.wordpress.com/2016/03/03/david-lebovitz-food-france-writing/. Extra tips: • Add the word (blog) if the title of the blog does not contain the word ‘Blog’ • If the author’s name is not available, provide the username • Comments are not included in the reference list, but should be cited within the text itself e.g.: A comment on the Library closing message (2015) from the Curtin Library Blog on May 2, 2015 suggested that…

Lecture Components: (Author Year) Example: (Richardson 2015) If quoting: (Richardson 2015, slide 9) (Leaver 2012, 1:30) When quoting, include the slide number for PowerPoint lectures and a timestamp for recorded lectures

Components: Author Surname, First Name(s). Year. “Title of Lecture.” Format. URL. Example: Leaver, Tama. 2012. “Social Media Rivers.” iLecture.

http://echo.ilecture.curtin.edu.au:8080/ess/echo/presentation/893b5284-ecad-4ad4-8af7-0ad2a1e19e24. Richardson, Christine. 2015. “RDA Management.” PowerPoint slides. https://lms.curtin.edu.au/bbcswebdav/pid3704556-dt-

content-rid-21756633_1/xid-21756633_1. Extra tips: • Include the format of the lecture notes after the title of the lecture

Page 17 of 24 Check the author variations section (pp. 6 -8) for information on presenting the author component of your reference

Facebook Components: (Author Year) Example: (Obama 2018)

Components: Author Surname, First Name(s) (Screen Name). Year. “First sentence of the post.” Facebook, Month Day, Year. URL. Example: Obama, Barack (@barackobama). 2018. “During my presidency, I started a tradition of sharing my reading lists and play lists.”

Facebook, January 1, 2018. https://www.facebook.com/barackobama/posts/10155532677446749. Extra tips: • Follow the style of capitalisation used in the post, rather than the headline-style capitalisation required for titles in other

reference types

Instagram Components: (Author Year) Example: (Souza 2018)

Components: Author Surname, First Name(s) (Screen Name). Year. “First sentence of the post.” Instagram photo, Month Day, Year. URL. Example: Curtin University Library. 2019. “Happy Halloween.” Instagram photo, October 31, 2019.

https://www.instagram.com/p/B4RCOF-D2TD/2019. Souza, Pete (@petesouza). 2018. “A loving touch.” Instagram photo, February 8, 2018.

https://www.instagram.com/p/Be8MsHcl8DP/. Extra tips: • Follow the style of capitalisation used in the post, rather than the headline-style capitalisation required for titles in other

reference types

Twitter Components: (Author Year) Example: (Jackman 2015)

Components: Author Surname, First Name(s) (Screen Name). Year. “Text of the Tweet.” Twitter, Month Day, Year, Time, URL. Example: Jackman, Hugh (@RealHughJackman). 2015. “At the dentist…This is BEFORE I found out I was having a tooth pulled photo.”

Twitter, November 12, 2015, 5:42 a.m. https://twitter.com/RealHughJackman/status/664800426961870849. Extra tips: • Follow the style of capitalisation used in the post, rather than the headline-style capitalisation required for titles in other

reference types

Page 18 of 24 Check the author variations section (pp. 6 -8) for information on presenting the author component of your reference

Reports and grey literature

In-text example Reference list entry

Government or organisation report

Components: (Author Year) Examples: (AIHW 2015) (Nowell et al. 2016) If quoting: (AIHW 2015, 40) (Nowell et al. 2016, 16)

Components: Author Surname, First Name(s) or Government Department Name or Organisation Name. Year. Title of Report. Report

Number. Place of Publication: Publisher. URL. Examples: AIHW (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare). 2015. Emergency Department Care 2014-15: Australian Hospital

Statistics. Cat. No. HSE 168. Canberra: AIHW. https://www.aihw.gov.au/getmedia/0fd096e0-b481-4f92- 98d72f9c8719/19527_1.pdf.aspx?inline=true.

Nowell, Kirstin, Juan Li, Mikhail Paltsyn, and Rishi Kumar Sharma. 2016. An Ounce of Prevention: Snow Leopard Crime

Revisited. Cambridge, UK: Traffic. https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/Traf-145.pdf. Extra tips: • Reports are treated like books. • If there is no place of publication, publisher or report number for a report, leave it out of your reference

Australian Bureau of Statistics

Components: (Author Year) Example: (ABS 2014) If quoting: (ABS 2014, para. 9) When quoting, if the source has no page numbers, use a paragraph number.

Components: Australian Bureau of Statistics. Year. Title of Report. Report Number. Place of Publication: Publisher. URL. Example: ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics). 2014. Australian Labour Market Statistics, July 2014. Cat. No. 6105.0. Canberra, ACT:

ABS. https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/6105.0. Extra tips: • If an abbreviation is used in the in-text, list the abbreviation first, followed by the full name in brackets for the reference

list • If the report or catalogue number is not provided, leave it out of the reference

Page 19 of 24 Check the author variations section (pp. 6 -8) for information on presenting the author component of your reference

Press release Components: (Author Year) Example: (Birmingham 2017) If quoting: (Birmingham 2017, para 2)

Components: Author Surname, First Name(s). Year. "Title of Release." Release type, Month Day, Year of release. URL. Example: Birmingham, Simon. 2017. "Tens of Thousands of Preschoolers to Learn a Language in 2017." Media release, January 9, 2017.

https://ministers.education.gov.au/birmingham/tens-thousands-preschoolers-learn-language-2017. Extra tips: • Most common releases include ‘Media Release’ or ‘Press Release’

Brochure, fact sheet or pamphlet

Components: (Author Year) Example (Department of Health 2015) If quoting: (Department of Health 2015, para. 2)

Components: Author Surname, First Name(s) or Organisation Name. Year. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher. URL. Example: Department of Health. 2015. The Flu and You. Australian Government.

https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/1C33C010A07D32D8CA257E35007F692B/$File/flu- brochure.pdf.

Extra tips: • For print material, omit the URL

Legislation and Standards

In-text example Reference list example

Act of Parliament

Components: Title of Act Year (Jurisdiction) Example: Section 40 of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) states that “fair dealing with a literary, dramatic…”

The Chicago 17thB Manual does not cover Australian legal materials. The guidelines below are based on the Australian Guide to Legal Citation. Components: Short Title of Act Year (Jurisdiction) Section # and subdivision (if relevant). URL. Example: Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) S. 40. https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca1968133/. Extra tips: • For in-text citations and reference lists, italicize the Act title and year and abbreviate the jurisdiction • If quoting, include the section/paragraph/part number as applicable • Reference list -separate from the main body of the list under the subheading: Legislation

https://libguides.library.curtin.edu.au/referencing/aglc

http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca1968133/

Page 20 of 24 Check the author variations section (pp. 6 -8) for information on presenting the author component of your reference

Case Components: Case Name (Year) Example: In Shea v News Ltd. (2015) the court ruled that… If quoting: (Shea v News Ltd. 2015, 2)

The Chicago 17thB manual does not cover Australian legal materials. The guidelines below are based on the Australian Guide to Legal Citation Components: Case Name (Year). Volume Number Law Report Series Starting Page or Pinpoint. URL. Example: Shea v News Ltd. (2015). WASC 1. http://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sign.cgi/au/cases/wa/WASC/2015/1. Extra tips: • Cases are only included in the Reference List if considered essential to your argument • If you decide to include a case in your reference list, set it apart from the main body of the reference list under the

subheading: Legal Authorities • If the case is obtained from an electronic database, add a URL as for electronic journal articles

Standard Components: Components: Standard Issuer Name. Year. Title of Standard. Standard Number. Publisher. URL. Example: Standards Australia. 2009. Wire-Rope Slings: Product Specification. AS 1666.1-2009. SAI Global. https://www.saiglobal.com. Extra tips: • If the standard is in book form, reference it as you would reference a book

Audiovisual media

In-text example Reference list example

Film or video Components: (Creator Year) Example: (Gameau and Batzias 2014) If quoting: (Gameau and Batzias 2014, 01:11:4)

Components: Creator’s Surname, First Name(s). Year. Title of Work. Format. Contribution by First Name(s) Surname of Contributor. Place of

Publication: Publisher. Example: Gameau, Damon, and Nick Batzias. 2014. That Sugar Film. DVD. Directed by Damon Gameau. Australia: Madmen

Entertainment. Extra tips: • In-text citation: If quoting, include a timestamp in the format HH:MM:SS

https://libguides.library.curtin.edu.au/referencing/aglc

Page 21 of 24 Check the author variations section (pp. 6 -8) for information on presenting the author component of your reference

TV series episode

Components: (Creator Year) Example: (Bender 2016) If quoting: (Bender 2016, 01:13:10)

Components: Creator’s Surname, First Name(s). Year. “Title of Episode.” Season #, episode #. Title of Series. Format. Place of Publication:

Publisher. Example: Bender, Jack. 2016. “The Door.” Season 6, episode 5. Game of Thrones. Television program. New York: HBO. Extra tips: • Use the same components for a radio program • Omit season and episode number if unavailable • If quoting, include a timestamp in the format HH:MM:SS

TV series Components: (Creator Year) Example: (da Mosto 2008) If quoting: (da Mosto 2008, 02:35)

Components: Creator’s Surname, First Name(s). Year. Title of Series. Format. Main Contributor’s First Name(s) Surname. Place of Publication: Publisher. Example: da Mosto, Francesco. 2008. Francesco’s Mediterranean Voyage. Television series. Directed by Andrea Carnevali and Nicola

Searle. London: BBC. Extra tips: • Use the same components for a radio series • Replace director with producer or writer as applicable

YouTube or streaming video

Components (Author Year) Example: (OfficialPsy 2012) If quoting: (OfficialPsy 2012, 03:27)

Components: Author Surname, First Name(s). Year. Title of Video. Format, Running length time. URL. Example: OfficialPsy. 2012. Gangnam Style. YouTube video, 04:12. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9bZkp7q19f0. Extra tips: • The person or group who posted the video is credited as the author for retrievability • If the real name of the person who posted the video is unknown, include only the username • If quoting, include a timestamp in the format HH:MM:SS

Page 22 of 24 Check the author variations section (pp. 6 -8) for information on presenting the author component of your reference

Podcast episode Components: (Author Year) Example: (Malcom 2018) If quoting: (Malcom 2018, 30:55)

Components: Author Surname, First Name(s). Year. “Title of Podcast Episode.” Episode #. Title of Podcast Series. Format. Name of Website.

Place of Publication: Publisher. URL. Example: Malcolm, Lynne. 2018. "Tripping for Depression." All in the Mind. Audio podcast. ABC Radio National. Sydney: ABC.

https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/allinthemind/tripping-for-depression/10223006. Extra tips: • The author can be a producer, writer, speaker or presenter • If the podcast episode number is not provided, omit it from the reference list • If quoting, include a timestamp in the format HH:MM:SS

Music Components: (Creator Year) Example: (The Wombats 2017)

Components: Creator Surname, First Name(s), Role. Year. “Title of Track.” Track # on Title of Record. Format. Publisher. Example: The Wombats, band. 2017. Beautiful People Will Ruin Your Life. MP3 Audio. Warner Music Australia. Rihanna, vocalist. 2007. "Umbrella." Track 1 on Good Girl Gone Back. MP3 audio. Island Def Jam. Extra tips: • Only the title of the album is italicised. Quotation marks are used for the individual title tracks • The role of the creator can be a vocalist, composer, conductor, director, performer or other person responsible for the

content • Reference components should be adapted to suit the requirements of your referencing: track versus album as shown

above

Other sources In-text example Reference list example

Personal communication

Example: There was no basis for the copyright claim (J. Smith, personal communication, February 9, 2016)

Personal communications are not included in the reference list Extra tips: • Include the words ‘personal communication’ within your in-text citation • Initials can be used for first names • Personal communication can include emails, conversations, letters or text message or messages shared via social media

Page 23 of 24 Check the author variations section (pp. 6 -8) for information on presenting the author component of your reference

Unpublished interview

Example: (Mary Jones, unpublished interview, May 7, 2017) (Interview with health-care worker, July 31, 2017)

Unpublished interviews are not included in the reference list Extra tips: • Include the term “interview” within your in-text citation • Each person cited must be fully identified in the text • An interview with a person who prefers to remain anonymous may be cited in whatever form is appropriate in context.

The absence of a name should be explained (e.g. All interviews were conducted in confidence, and the names of interviewees are withheld by mutual agreement)

Dataset Components: (Investigator Year) Example: (Irino and Tada 2009)

Components: Investigator’s Surname, First Name(s). Year. Title of Dataset. Dataset. Publisher. https://doi.org... or URL. Example: Irino, Tomohisa, and Ryuji Tada. 2009. Chemical and Mineral Compositions of Sediments from ODP Site 127-797. Dataset.

Geological Institute, University of Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.726855. Extra tips: • Year refers to the year of publication of the dataset; not the year of publication of the paper which contains the dataset • The DOI is given preference over a URL due to its stable nature. If one has been assigned, include it in your reference. If

you cannot locate a DOI, include the item’s URL