Chemistry Test

Chemistry and Society

Test 2: Spring 2021

The questions in this test concerning the following topics:

1. Nutrition

2. Drugs of Abuse

3. Health and Medicine

4. Genes and Life

Answer any two questions.

You are allowed to use your textbook, notes that I put into Canvas, the specific websites referred to in this test, and other websites that we used this semester. You may also use other textbooks or the databases available through the college library.

You may not consult with other persons. You may not use websites, such as Chegg, in which you post the question and someone answers it for you.

Cite any sources that you use. Your citation does not have to be in any particular style (such as MLA or APA), but it must be sufficient that I can retrieve it if want to view it.

The test is due on Tuesday, May 11th, at 11:59 pm. You may submit the test sooner if you choose.

Question 1: Nutrition:

There are many websites that provide nutrition information. Two that are important for this problem are:

· Fast Food Nutrition (https://fastfoodnutrition.org/), and

· The 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/)

Consider the following meal from Chic-Fil-A:

· Grilled chicken sandwich

· Medium Waffle Fries

· Medium Sprite

a) First, determine:

a. The total number of Calories;

b. The mass of protein;

c. The masses of total fat and saturated fat;

d. The masses of carbohydrate, added sugars and fiber; and

e. The masses of sodium, cholesterol and dietary fiber.

b) Then, use the dietary guidelines to compare the nutritional components consumed in the meal to what is recommended for a person of your age, gender and activity level.

Question 2: Organic Molecules

For each of the molecules below: (a) determine the molecular formula, and (b) identify the functional groups present. For either one of them, show all of the carbon and hydrogen atoms.

These molecules are prostaglandins. What does that word mean? How might you recognize a prostaglandin?

Are prostaglandins hormones or neurotransmitters, or neither, or both? Explain.

Question 3: Antibacterials and Antivirals

From Pub Chem, retrieve the structures of the following three compounds

a. penicillin V potassium

b. vancomycin

c. oseltamivir.

Then, describe the medicinal use of each, and describe how they function.

Question 4: Drugs of Abuse

a. What are the five classes of drugs controlled by the Controlled Substances Act?

b. How are the five schedules of drugs different from each other? List one drug from each schedule.

c. One characteristic of a drug of abuse is that it is often obtained “outside of normal distribution channels.” Explain.

d. Choose one drug of abuse that also has a legitimate medicinal use in this country. In one typed page, summarize: (1) what the drug is used for legitimately, (2) why and how the drug is abused, and (3) any other information about the drug that was of interest to you. Use information from at least two of these websites:

a. the National Institute on Drug Abuse (https://www.drugabuse.gov/)

b. the Drug Enforcement Administration (https://www.dea.gov/)

c. Pub Med (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)

d. Pub Chem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)

e. The Food and Drug Administration (https://www.fda.gov/)

Question 5: Other Topics

We also spent time on DNA and RNA, and bacteria and viruses. Our discussions usually were from a chemistry point of view. Type two pages on a topic that was interesting to you. You can include images as part of your two pages if they are helpful in your discussion. Cite any sources that you use.