Week 4 Assignment

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Expert feedback

July 22, 2021

Hi,

I read your article review on ‘Cyber security and the Internet of Things: vulnerabilities, threats, intruders, and attack.’ Below is a brief critique of the assignment.

We received your request about learning to cite in APA format, but unfortunately, Expert Check only focuses on the content and structure of an essay--not the citation format. A good resource for learning about formatting is https://www.easybib.com/guides/

Nice work,

Your Chegg Expert

Overall score: 3.4/5

Ideas and Content

3/5

Organization 3/5

Voice 4/5

Word Choice 4/5

Sentence Fluency 3/5

Grammar and spelling 3/5

Please note that the score provided above only represents the Expert’s judgment of your writing and in no

way makes any promises or assurances concerning your actual grade.

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Ideas and content

The main topic, ‘Reviewing an article named ‘Cyber security and the Internet of Things:

vulnerabilities, threats, intruders, and attack’ to analyze authors’ investigation’ has

been clearly represented and thoroughly discussed. You have provided relevant

supporting details to describe the concepts around which the article is woven. For

instance, “To help the reader understand the Internet of Things devices and services,

the article describes these two components and the connection between them. The

authors describe an Internet of Things device as a hardware component that allows a

larger entity to connect with the digital world and can communicate with other similar

devices” It is good to observe that you have incorporated information on how the

article is devoid of hypotheses but aims to draw a fruitful understanding of the previous

researches in this domain. Nonetheless, you could have further enriched the essay by

presenting your own critical opinion of the article. You must appreciate the features of

the article that were impressive an also highlight the ways in which the article could

have been better. It would have added depth to the details.

Organization

The description is mostly well-organized. The introduction clearly states the concept of

‘Internet of Things’ and its relevance in the modern era. You must connect the initial

two paragraphs to provide a comprehensive introduction which illustrates not only the

theme but also the article that you have presented in the paper. It is appreciable that

you have incorporated a gradual conclusion that reiterates the key points highlighted in

the report.

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Voice

You have strong audience awareness and the tone is highly informative and easily

connects to the reader. You have further engaged the readers by mentioning the

strengths of the article. For instance, “The authors conclude that the Internet of things

faces various threats that must be addressed to enable it to achieve its full potential.”

That being said, you could have added more color to the essay by specifying these

threats and their nature with the help of a few examples.

Word Choice

The vocabulary employed here is largely appropriate as per the purpose and the

audience. Words used in the essay such as, ‘sophisticated’, ‘cyber security’, and

‘exposure’ are simple and comprehensible. That being said, avoid tautology like,

“…intruders they originate from such as organizations” by reframing it as, “…describing

intruders that originate from such organizations”

Sentence Fluency

The essay can become more cohesive. The flow of information within paragraph takes

place in somewhat smooth manner. That being said, reframe sentences which are

incomplete and/or have awkward structures such as, “Some of the security goals that

the authors discuss include authentication, confidentiality, availability, integrity, and

auditing. The authors also discuss privacy goals such as communication privacy,

storage privacy, and location privacy.” to make them grammatically accurate and more

meaningful. You may use transitional words such as, ‘Additionally’ and ‘Moreover’ in

between the new paragraphs to make the essay more fluent

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Grammar and spelling

Thoroughly proofread the essay to eliminate grammatical and spacing errors such as,

“…to enable the Internet of Things to realize its full potential”, “…devices are often

not operated by humans(,) making it easy for an attacker to physically access them

(these)”, “The data provided in this article supports these conclusions (this conclusion

provided) by the authors” etc. You can run your essay through the Chegg Writing

grammar checker

https://www.chegg.com/writing/grammar-check/

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Next Steps

Fix what you agree with, ignore what you don't, and then resubmit to get another

expert check! The best way to improve your paper is to keep writing, revising,

and considering outside feedback.

Resubmit my paper

After you’ve got your paper reading just right, submit it for a Plagiarism and

Grammar check to add that final polish and catch any remaining issues!

Check Plagiarism and Grammar

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Your paper

Week 4, Research Paper

For this assignment, review the article:

Abomhara, M., & Koien, G.M. (2015). Cyber security and the internet of things: Vulnerabilities, threats, intruders, and attacks. Journal of Cyber Security, 4, 65-88. Doi: 10.13052/jcsm2245- 1439.414

And evaluate it in 3 pages (800 words), using your own words, by addressing the following:

- What did the authors investigate, and in general how did they do so?

- Identify the hypothesis or question being tested

- Summarize the overall article.

- Identify the conclusions of the authors

- Indicate whether or not you think the data support their conclusions/hypothesis

- Consider alternative explanations for the results

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- Provide any additional comments pertaining to other approaches to testing their hypothesis (logical follow-up studies to build on, confirm or refute the conclusions)

- The relevance or importance of the study

- The appropriateness of the experimental design

When you write your evaluation, be brief and concise, this is not meant to be an essay but an objective evaluation that one can read very easily and quickly. Also, you should include a complete reference (title, authors, journal, issue, pages) you turn in your evaluation. This is good practice for your literature review, which you’ll be completing during the dissertation process.

Your paper should meet the following requirements:

- Be approximately three pages in length, not including the required cover page and reference page. (Remember, APA is double spaced)

- Follow APA 7 guidelines. Your paper should include an introduction, a body with fully developed content, and a conclusion.

- Support your answers with the readings from the course and at least two scholarly journal articles to support your positions, claims, and observations, in addition to your textbook. The school Library is a great place to find resources.

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- Be clear and well-written, concise, and logical, using excellent grammar and style techniques. You are being graded in part on the quality of your writing.

Article review

The Internet of Things has become one of the fastest growing technologies, with this growth significantly impacting not only business environments but also social lives. This is because of its presence in all aspects of human life including education and healthcare (Ghadeer, 2018). The growth of the Internet of Things has led to the massive connectedness of devices and services all over the world. In turn, the threats of attacks have continued to increase not only in number but also in complexity. Tools used by attackers have become more sophisticated (Ghadeer, 2018). This has prompted researchers to study cyber security and the Internet of Things in a bid to come up with protective measures to enable the Internet of Things to realize its full potential.

One such research is a research by Abomhara and Koien which was published in 2015. The title of the article is "Cyber security and the Internet of Things: vulnerabilities, threats, intruders, and attacks." In this article, the authors classified the types of threats facing the Internet of things devices and services. They also analyzed intruders and attacks facing the Internet of things. The authors did this by analyzing information from past researches that had been done on cyber security and the internet of things (Abomhara & Koien, 2015).

Since this was not a research study, there were no hypotheses to be tested and neither were there research questions to be answered. Rather, the authors aimed to use information from past researches to enable the reader to better understand the threats to the Internet of Things, their attributes, and the intruders they originate from such as organizations. Although there were no research questions, this article aimed to help the reader answer certain questions relating to the Internet of Things. Some of these questions include:

1. What are the assets?

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2. Which assets are prone to which threats?

3. What mechanism of security could be used against the threat?

4. Who are the threat actors?

After the introduction part where the authors discussed the purpose of the article, the authors give the background information of the study. In this section, they discuss in detail the Internet of Things and the key concepts within its domain. They also discuss the various application forms of the Internet of things. The authors also outline some of the reasons why connected devices are usually targeted by cyber attackers. One of these reasons is that these devices are often not operated by humans making it easy for an attacker to physically access them (Abomhara & Koien, 2015).

To help the reader understand the Internet of Things devices and services, the article describes these two components and the connection between them. The authors describe an Internet of Things device as a hardware component that allows a larger entity to connect with the digital world and can communicate with other similar devices. An Internet of Things service has been defined as a transaction between two entities of the Internet of Things. The characteristics and the security of these devices and services have also been discussed. The authors then discuss in detail the vulnerabilities, attacks, threats, and exposure facing the Internet of Things. This is aimed at providing the reader with the knowledge on how to identify them (Abomhara & Koien, 2015).

The other concept discussed in this article is the primary security and privacy goals. Here the authors aim to provide the reader with information that would help them to successfully implement security on the Internet of Things. Some of the security goals that the authors discuss include authentication, confidentiality, availability, integrity, and auditing. The authors also discuss privacy goals such as communication privacy, storage privacy, and location privacy. The article also covers information on intruders classifying them according to their motives, capabilities, characteristics, and resources. Finally, the various types of intruders such as individual intruders and organized groups intruders have been discussed in detail (Abomhara & Koien, 2015).

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The authors conclude that the Internet of things faces various threats that must be addressed to enable it to achieve its full potential. They also conclude that to achieve the Internet of Things of devices and services, security and privacy challenges need to be identified and addressed. Finally, the authors conclude that vendors and end-users have an active role in ensuring the security of the Internet of Things. The data provided in this article supports these conclusions by the authors (Abomhara & Koien, 2015).

Since there were no hypotheses tested in this article, there were no results to be explained. Also, there was no experimental design used in this article. The relevance of this article is that it provides a lot of information on the threats, vulnerabilities, and attacks facing the Internet of Things. It also discusses intruders and their various motivations. This is important information that can be useful to programmers and other users of the Internet of things. It can also be used by researchers in the field of security as a foundation to help them understand the threats and the various intruders from which the threats originate.

The Internet of Things has become one of the fastest growing technologies with this growth significantly impacting not only business environments but also social lives. In their article, Abomhara and Koien attempted to classify the threats and attacks and analyze intruders facing the Internet of things. Through a detailed discussion of various concepts such as the Internet of Things devices and services, security threats and attacks, and intruders' motivations, the authors enable the reader to draw meaningful insights about the security of the Internet of things. This information is useful to users of the Internet of Things as well as researchers in that field.

References

Abomhara, M., & Køien, G. M. (2015). Cyber security and the internet of things: vulnerabilities, threats, intruders and attacks. Journal of Cyber Security and Mobility, 65-88. Retrieved from https://journals.riverpublishers.com/index.php/JCSANDM/article/view/6087

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Ghadeer, H. (2018, October). Cybersecurity issues in internet of things and countermeasures. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Internet (ICII) (pp. 195-201). IEEE. Retrieved from https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8539126/