Please I would like you to paraphrase this report for me in an excellent writing without grammer mistake

TECHNICAL WRITING GUIDELINES

CHE 334 (where appropriate), CHE 415, and CBEE 416

Unacceptable basic mistakes:

· Misspelled words

· Lack of introduction for a figure/table/equation in the preceding text

· Lack of title and/or detailed caption on a figure or table

· Unreasonable number of significant figures reported in Abstract/Conclusions

· Decimal written without leading zero

· Incomplete web site reference (site, date accessed, comments if appropriate)

Writing

· PROOFREAD YOUR WORK BEFORE YOU SUBMIT IT.

· Don’t write in the first person.

· Avoid starting sentences with prepositions, thereby being more direct and avoiding commas.

· No figures, tables, equations, or footnotes in the abstract.

· Introduce figures, tables, equation, etc., in the preceding text.

· All figures need a title below, e.g. "Figure 1", and caption that explains the figure.  Make the caption summarize the relevance to somebody who has not read the report, i.e. it can stand alone.

· Titles for figures, tables, equations, etc., should be capitalized in the text, e.q. “Equation 1”.

· Don’t regurgitate/retype detailed information that is provided in a cited reference, e.g. a standard operating procedure (SOP). Provide sufficient details, but use a proper citation.

· Spell names correctly. If unsure, find out.

· Spell correctly and use the correct word: spellcheck may indicate a word is correctly spelled even if it is the wrong word. Some examples from previous years: “Miss counting”, “out liar”, “descent data”, “asses”, “ingrate”, “verse”.

Calculations and Technical Stuff

· Do not use unusual terms without introducing them first.

· Abbreviations and acronyms need be defined either at first use, or in an appendix with reference.

· Use good judgment in deciding how many significant figures to report, e.g. if you’re using a rotometer to measure flow, don’t report 5 significant figures.

· Embrace terms like "prototype", "testbed" and "benchtop system".  For example, you might use a prototype gas absorption column to assess mass transfer properties, then "scale up" to an actual system design.

Formatting

· Never write a decimal without a leading zero to ensure it's not mistaken as an integer: 0.62, not .62.

· Never start a sentence with a number, instead use “Thirty mL were delivered using a pipette.”

· Always put a space between a number and its units.  It's easier to read and avoids alphanumeric confusion, e.g. If I write 6 liters as 6l, it sure looks like the number 61.

· Indent titles and captions on tables and figures and consider using smaller font, e.g. 10 pt, to make them stand out from the surrounding text. Some even use italics.

· Figures and tables should be centered on the page.

· Use "Ca2+", "Na+", etc. to represent ions.  Elemental sodium (not ionic) would be "Na", and explosive when added to water!

· One often sees "Enclosure" at the bottom of the page.  Is that not from the old days, when you "enclosed" something in the envelope? 

· Many struggle in Equation Editor without the ability to put in spaces between numbers and units, etc.  Try hitting Ctrl+space bar to put in spaces, or convert the entire equation to text style, which allows spaces.

· Italicize variables, e.g. tb. It makes them stand out better to the reader. Do not italicize numbers.

Technical Report Guidelines

· Abstract

· Background

· Materials and Methods

· Results and Discussion

· Acknowledgements

· Appendices

Some guidance about what these sections look like:

· No Cover Page.

· Abstract is a high-level summary and includes (1) objectives, (2) methods, and (3) results. The goal is 4-6 sentences. Emphasize content: settings, ranges, numbers, units. No references, equations, etc.

· Background should be shorter for CBEE 414 lab reports, with brief theoretical background, then broaden as you move to more open-ended labs and senior projects. Look for previous work on the subject, e.g. have others measured that mass transfer coefficient? How? What did they find? Use footnote references liberally.

· Materials and Methods provides details about what you did. It is written in past tense, a story of what was done, not in first person, not as instructions, and not as bullets. The level of detail should be sufficient to allow another worker to repeat your work without having you physically there. Include equipment, manufacturer, model, equipment schematics/pictures.1 Cite provided documents/SOP.

· Results and Discussion is the section in which you present data, calculations performed, error analysis performed, and what you observe and conclude (trends, issues, etc.). It is where you compare experimental results with theory (or manufacturer-supplied) information. Most plots will be in this section. If there is a design component to your lab, include it in this section.

· Acknowledgements1 are included to (1) thank those that helped you setup equipment, explained equipment, etc., but also to (2) provide a record of who helped you so that your readers might use that information, e.g. Jill knows how to run the gas chromatograph. Be succinct.

· Appendices1 are a location for supporting details. Sample calculations are required and must include assumptions, unit, etc., so the reader can follow and check your computations. They can be hand-written if legible. A spreadsheet printout is not enough. Other content might include copies of raw data, equipment calibration data, non-critical charts, etc.

� Not necessary for CHE 334 reports.