Test 1 ( take home )

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Introduction to Athletic Training

ATHT 3580

NCAA Sport Classifications

  • The National Collegiate Athletic Association, divides sports into three broad groups, depending on the rate of injury that you might see in that sport.

  • The National Athletic Trainers Association, divides the sports into 2 groups, high and low risk, also depending on the rate of injury for that sport.

Sports Classifications

  • Collision

  • Contact

  • Non-Contact

  • High vs Low Risk Sports

Athletic Training Rules & Regulations

  • Whatever rules you make you must enforce!
  • Co-educational facility
  • Student-athletes utilize facility
  • Clean up prior to entering
  • No equipment in the athletic training room
  • Language & noise under control
  • Not a lounge
  • Keep area clean – no food nor drink
  • Exceptions to the Rules

Pre-Participation Examination

  • This is a yearly medical examination to determine whether or not an athlete has the physical levels necessary to compete without undue risk or harm.

  • There are a number of areas that can be included in this exam, I have listed some of those areas, as well as who can do a better exam – the family or team physician.

The Pre-Participation Examination

  • Family vs Team Physician

  • Areas To Include:
  • Medical History
  • Family History
  • Previous Injuries
  • Previous Surgeries
  • Vision
  • Dental
  • Blood Analysis

  • Areas to Include (Cont):
  • Cardiac
  • Allergies
  • Drug Testing
  • Flexibility
  • Strength
  • Others

  • Disqualifications

Protocol to Treat Injuries

  • There are guidelines for the treatment of injuries that will occur in all sports, that protocol is called PRICES, a word that each letter stands for some aspect of the treatment protocol.

  • This should also be referenced in the text to help further explain what each word means in the treatment protocol.

Treatment of Acute Injuries

  • P.R.I.C.E.S.
  • P = Protection
  • R = Rest
  • I = Ice
  • C = Compression
  • E = Elevation
  • S = Support

Evaluation Formats

  • H.O.P.S.
  • H = History
  • O = Observation
  • P = Palpation
  • S = Stress
  • S.O.A.P.
  • S = Subjective
  • O = Objective
  • A = Assessment
  • P = Plan

Why Document Injuries & Illnesses?

Think about this statement and then read the following slides.

Why Document Injuries?

  • Rehabilitation Plan
  • Progress with Rehabilitation
  • Insurance Payment
  • Liability Issues
  • Legal Ramifications in Future

  • Basically A Good Idea

Rehabilitation Programs

Regardless of Injury – Many Areas are the Same

Components of Any Rehabilitation Program

  • General Body Conditioning
  • Muscular Strength & Endurance
  • Improved Flexibility
  • Increased Proprioception
  • Good Body Mechanics
  • Cardiovascular Conditioning
  • Sport Specific Demands
  • Psychological Healing

Therapies for Injuries

  • Both heat and cold are utilized in the treatment protocols for injuries, the next few slides list some of those therapies, how the modality physiologically effects the body, and any reasons not to use the modality.

  • Which are more effective in your mind and why?

Superficial Heat Therapies

  • Moist Heat Packs
  • Whirlpools
  • Paraffin Baths
  • Infrared Radiation
  • Contrast Baths
  • Chemicals
  • Topical Ointments

Physiological Effects of Heat

  • Increase extensibility of collagen tissue
  • Decreases joint stiffness
  • Reduces pain
  • Relieve muscle spasm
  • Reduces inflammation and edema
  • Increases blood flow

Contraindications for Heat Application

  • Loss of sensation
  • Immediately after injury
  • Decreased arterial flow
  • To eyes or genitals
  • Abdomen during pregnancy

Cryotherapy Applications

  • Ice Massage
  • Cold Whirlpool
  • Cold or Ice Water Immersion
  • Ice Packs – Natural or Chemical
  • Vapocoolant Sprays
  • Ice Cup

Physiological Effects of Cold Therapy

  • Vasoconstriction of blood vessels
  • Decrease of muscle spasm
  • Decrease nerve ending excitability

How Do Injuries Happen?

  • Injuries take place when either an outside force (extrinsic force) comes into contact with the body – equipment, opponent, or weather. Or, when the body just wears done (intrinsic force) from overuse or abuse.

  • Additionally, some injuries occur from inherited factors – family history.

Mechanisms of Injuries

  • Primary
  • Extrinsic

Opponent

Equipment

Environmental

  • Intrinsic

Sprain

Shin Splints

  • Hereditary
  • High Blood Pressure
  • Leg Length Discrepancy
  • Flat Feet
  • Etc

Healing Phases of Soft Tissue

  • Inflammatory Phase
  • 3-4 Days

Redness

Heat

Swelling

Pain

Loss of Function

  • Repair Phase
  • Up to 3 Weeks

Initial Healing and Regeneration

Goal – Little Scar Tissue

  • Remodeling Phase
  • 3 Months – 1 Year

Completely New Tissue