CRMJ 521 WEEK 5

Chapter 8

Terrorist Spillovers

International Terrorism

Defining International Terrorism

· The Spillover Effect

· The struggle “spills over” into the international domain.

· Domestic attacks against victims with an international profile.

· Operations in a foreign country.

· Unambiguous International Implications

· International consequences must be clear.

· Case: Attacks on embassies.

· Case: Ship and aircraft hijackings

· Terrorist Environments and International Terrorism

· International state terrorism.

· International dissident terrorism.

· International religious terrorism.

· International left-wing terrorism.

· International right-wing terrorism.

· International criminal terrorism.

Reasons for International Terrorism

· Modern “isms” and International Revolutionary Solidarity

· Imperialism.

· Neocolonialism.

· Zionism.

· Perceived Efficiency

· Potential for maximum publicity.

· Potential for inflicting maximum psychological anxiety.

· Pragmatism.

· Adaptations of Revolutionary Theory

· Fish swimming in the sea of the people.

· Enraging the beast.

· Liberating violence.

· Historical Reasons

· Why terrorism is unacceptable:

· Western governments have adopted an ideology of democratic justice as a norm.

· West was often a target.

· West recognizes accepted methods of warfarE

· Why terrorism is acceptable:

· Many anticolonial extremists became national leaders

· Terrorism was used as a matter of practical choice during insurgencies

· Cffective fusion of ideology and warfare

International Terrorist Networks

· Cold War Terrorist-Networking Theory

· Western theory that Soviet proxies were the source of international terrorism.

· Uncomplicated and simplistic scenario.

· International Terrorist Environments

· Monolithic.

· Strong multipolar.

· Weak multipolar.

· Cell-based.

International Dimension of the New Terrorism

· Movement Case: The Afghan Arabs at War

· Mujahideen in Bosnia

· Organization Case: Al Qa’ida and International Terrorism

· International cells

· Air France Flight 8969

· Singapore Plot

· Northwest Airlines Flight 253

Postscript: The “Stateless Revolutionaries

· Movements that have no particular home country that they seek to liberate and no homeland to use as a base,

· The Japanese Red Army

· Al-Qa’ida

· Palestinian Nationalism