reflection paper
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Chapter9Powerpoint.pptxChapter 9
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Developing Intercultural Relationships
Flan 3440/Fall 2017
Factors that Affect Intercultural Relationships
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Communication & Uncertainty
Premise of Uncertainty Reduction Theory (URT): the primary goal when interacting with a stranger is to reduce uncertainty and increase predictability of behavior.
Proactive
Interactive
Retroactive
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
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Anxiety Uncertainty Management Theory (AUM)
Explains interrelationships among:
Uncertainty
Anxiety
Mindfulness
Communication Effectiveness
Focus on Management not Reduction
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Uncertainty Reduction & ICA
People who experienced high ICA experienced high uncertainty
People who do not experience ICA have low uncertainty
Increasing our interaction with persons from different cultures reduces our uncertainty and anxiety
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
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Socio-Communicative Orientation
Assertiveness
an individual’s ability to make requests, actively disagree, and express positive or negative personal rights and feelings.
Responsiveness
an individual’s ability to e sensitive to the communication of others, including providing feedback, engaging in comforting communication, and listening.
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Empathy & Similarity in Relationship Development
Empathy
Degree to which we can accurately infer another’s thoughts or feelings
Relational Empathy
Shared meaning and harmonization that is the result of the interaction of two people
Third Culture
Created when dyad of persons from different cultures comes together and establishes relational empathy
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
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Empathetic Listening
Paraphrase
Reflect feelings
Reflect meanings
Summarizing
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Similarity
Attitude Similarity between persons leads to positive affect which leads to attraction
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
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Perceptions of Relational Intimacy Across Cultures
Individualistic and Collectivistic Cultures
Humanism
Faithfulness
Propriety
Wisdom
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Eastern & Western Cultures & Relationships
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Interethnic & Interracial Relationships & Marriages
Serial monogamy
Polygamy
Polygyny
Polyandry
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
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Interethnic & Interracial Relationships & Marriages
In U.S. in 2013, 12% of newlyweds married someone of different race
Interethnic & Interracial Relationships more likely to end in divorce than intraracial marriages
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Obstacles Interethnic & Interracial Partners face:
Stared at in public
Negatively stereotyped
Face Social Network opposition
Discriminated against by restaurant staff, real-estate agents, hotel managers, retail clerks
Experience obscene phone calls, hate mail and vandalized property
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Interethnic & Interracial Relationships & Marriages
Intercultural Relational Maintenance
Self-disclosure
Relationship talk
Positivity
Understanding
Assurances
Networks
Tasks
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
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Intercultural Relational Maintenance
Open Communication
Lack of topic avoidance
Lack of communication about cultural differences
Support
Giving advice
Offering comfort
Providing reassurance
Support for culture
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Intercultural Relational Maintenance
Gay and Lesbian Relationships
Seeking out Gay/Lesbian supportive environments
Being the same as heterosexual couples
Social support
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
© iStockphoto.com/Hongqi Zhang
Initiating an Intercultural Relationship
Perceived similarity
Availability
In-Group Influence & Group Identification
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
The Internet as Relational Maintenance
Social networking sites as tools for initiating and maintaining relationships
Extraversion and Openness to experiences were positively related to social media use
Role of culture in self-expression on Facebook pages
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Culture and Internet Use
Japan
India
Africa
Mexico
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Mate Selection & Desirability Across Cultures
Desirability enhancement effect
Desirability diminution effect
Different perspectives of mate selection:
Evolutionary biologists
Sociologists
Geneticists
Social Psychologists
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
International Mate Selection Project
Identify which characteristics individuals value in potential mates
Identify similarities and differences among countries in their values
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
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International Mate Selection Project
Identify clusters of countries that are similar to one another
Identify sex differences in the degree of variation in mate selection within each country
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
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Mate Selection & Desirability Across Cultures
Characteristics individuals value in mates:
Kindness
Intelligence
Exciting personality
Healthy
Similarities and differences in countries:
Most polarizing characteristic = chastity
Gender differences in cultures
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Cultural Concepts of Love
Love Songs in China & U.S.
Metaphors
History
War
Mystery
Pornography
Fantasy
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Arranged Marriages
Hmong
India
China
Africa
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Marital Dissolution and Divorce Across Cultures
Divorce customs vary across cultures.
Social and economic issues play a role.
In general, monogamy is correlated with lower divorce rates than polygyny.
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Summary
Explored initiating, maintaining and dissolving relationships
Examined concepts of uncertainty reduction, intercultural communication apprehension, and sociocommunicative style and how they affect the relationship processes
Compared perceptions of relationships in a variety of cultures
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
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