Do you Know Leadership?
Hassssan
Chapter91.pptxCharismatic and Transformational Leadership
Chapter 9 Part Three: Organizational Leadership
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Learning Outcomes
Briefly explain Max Weber’s conceptualization of charisma.
Explain what is meant by the phrase “locus of charismatic leadership”.
Discuss the effects of charismatic leadership on followers.
Discuss how one can acquire charismatic qualities.
Distinguish between socialized and personalized charismatic leader types.
Explain the four stages of the transformation process.
List the qualities of effective charismatic and transformational leaders.
Describe the four behavior dimensions associated with transformational and charismatic leaders.
Distinguish between charismatic and transformational leadership.
Explain the basis of stewardship and servant leadership.
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Charismatic Leadership
Charismatic and transformational theories return our focus to organizational leadership.
Charismatic and transformational leaders influence followers who then rally toward a shared goal.
Social, cultural, economic, and political systems are all impacted by these leaders.
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Weber’s Conceptualization of Charisma
The sociologist Max Weber believed charismatic leaders had a vision that spurred followers to action.
Vision is the ability to imagine different and better conditions and the ways to achieve them.
Charisma is a social construct between the leader and follower, in which the leader offers a transformative vision or ideal which exceeds the status quo and then convinces followers to accept this course of action not because of its rational likelihood of success, but because of their implicit belief in the extraordinary qualities of the leader.
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Locus of Charismatic Leadership
External locus of charismatic leadership.
Internal locus of charismatic leadership.
An interaction of the two.
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What is the basis of charisma?
The situation or social climate facing the leader.
The leader’s extraordinary qualities.
A combination of the situation and the leader’s qualities.
The Effects of Charismatic Leaders on Followers
Exhibit 9.1
Exhibit 9.1
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How One Acquires Charismatic Qualities
Suggested strategies:
Through training and practice, you can improve your communication and interpersonal skills.
While still in college, develop your visionary skills by practicing the act of creating a vision.
You can practice being candid.
Through a leadership development workshop or seminar, you can develop an enthusiastic, optimistic, and energetic personality profile.
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Discussion Questions
Explain the importance of effective communication skills for charismatic and transformational leaders.
Charismatic leaders are said to possess special traits that influence their behaviors.
Three such traits described in the chapter are envisioning, empathy, and empowerment.
Explain how each of these traits influences how followers perceive the charismatic leader.
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Charisma: A Double-Edged Sword
Positive or negative charisma lies in the values and motives of the leader.
The socialized charismatic leader (SCL) is one who possesses an egalitarian, self-transcendent, and empowering personality and uses charisma for the benefit of others.
The personalized charismatic leader (PCL) is one who possesses a dominant, self-centered, self-aggrandizing and narcissistic personality and uses charisma for self-glorification.
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Discussion Questions
A strong emotional attachment and loyalty to a charismatic leader can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on followers.
Explain both types of effects on followers.
In Chapter 5, different types of power:
legitimate, reward, coercive, referent, expert, connection, and information power,
and influencing tactics were discussed.
What type of power is the charismatic leader most likely to be associated with and why?
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Transformational Leadership
Transformational leadership seeks to change the status quo by articulating to followers the problems in the current system and a compelling vision of what a new organization could be.
Transactional leadership seeks to maintain stability within an organization through regular economic and social exchanges that achieve specific goals for both the leaders and their followers.
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Effects of Transformational Leadership
Positive effects on:
organizational performance, culture, and learning.
Follower organizational commitment.
Employee turnover rates, performance and citizenship behavior.
Effective transformational leaders shift focus from self-interest to collective interests.
Transformational leadership is associated with improved creativity and decision quality.
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Transformational and Transactional Leadership
Transformational
Leadership
Is about changing the status quo.
Is vision-oriented.
Values change.
Is more enduring.
Transactional
Leadership
Is about exchanging valued benefits.
Is task & reward-oriented.
Values stability.
Tends to be transitory.
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The Transformation Process
Transformational leaders usually enter an organization experiencing a decline or in need of a major change in direction.
A four-part transformation process starts with the leader’s ability to:
Challenge the status quo and make a convincing case for change,
Present an inspiring vision of the future,
Provide effective leadership during the transformation, and
Institutionalize the change.
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Make a case for change.
Present a shared vision.
Lead the transformation.
Institutionalize the change.
Challenge the status quo.
Identify attractive new trends.
Encourage others.
Involve others.
Express new vision in ideological terms.
Inspire followers.
Instill a sense of urgency.
Empower followers.
Establish priorities.
Minimize risk.
Avoid a “quick fix”.
“greatness attitude”.
Change appraisal and rewards.
Implement team-building.
Task force monitors progress.
The Transformation Process
Source: Based on Carolyn Hines and William Hines Jr., “Seminar on the Essence of Transformational Leadership (Leadership Training Institute),” Nation’s Cities Weekly 25(9) (March 4, 2002): 8.
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Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Qualities of Effective Charismatic and Transformational Leaders
Exhibit 9.3
Exhibit 9.3
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Transformational and Charismatic Leader Behaviors
Exhibit 9.4
Exhibit 9.4
© 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
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Charismatic and Transformational Leadership: What’s the Difference?
Personal meaning is the degree to which people’s lives make emotional sense and to which the demands confronted by them are perceived as being worthy of their energy and commitment.
Not all transformational leaders are charismatic.
Each achieves their labels in different ways.
They often have differing mind-sets.
Their career paths usually differ.
Each perceives their personal meaning differently.
They face different degrees of risk from opponents.
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Stewardship and Servant Leadership
Some use the term values-based leadership to describe these two leadership types:
Stewardship is an employee-focused form of leadership that empowers followers to make decisions and have control over their jobs.
Servant leadership is leadership that transcends self-interest to serve the needs of others, by helping them grow professionally and personally.
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Attributes of Effective Stewardship
Exhibit 9.5
Stewardship is more about facilitating than actively leading.
Stewardship leaders don’t lead; they coach followers to do the leading.
Exhibit 9.5
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Attributes of the Effective Servant Leader
Exhibit 9.6
Servant leadership is centered on a strong service orientation and moral-spiritual grounding.
Exhibit 9.6
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Discussion Questions
Servant leadership emphasizes being able to serve and lead.
In your opinion, is this contradictory or doable?
Do you believe everyone has the same capability to become a servant leader; or are some people by their nature more inclined to be servant leaders?
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Key Terms
charisma
personalized charismatic leader (PCL)
personal meaning
servant leadership
socialized charismatic leader (SCL)
stewardship
transformational leadership
transactional leadership
vision
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