The shell
Noornono
CHAPTER8LECTUREb.pptxCHAPTER 8
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN ELEMENTS: THE SHELL
SITE, ORIENTATION AND CLIMATE
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHTS TALIESEN WEST is an example of what he termed organic architecture n the early 20th century
The core of a home should extend outward into the landsape
SITE, ORIENTATION AND CLIMATE
A contemporary open plan for a residence design by Vicente Wolf
SITE, ORIENTATION AND CLIMATE
A traditional Yurt in Central Asia serves as a portable dwelling in nomadic or migrant cultures
Contemporary housing based on the Yurt system
SITE, ORIENTATION AND CLIMATE
Post-Katrina single home with hurricane protection features built by Make it Right Foundation
Basic Building Components
The foundation of a building is the substructure that is intertwined with the ground. A structure must be able to bear several different types of loads:
DEAD LOAD – FIXED WEIGHT OF THE BUILDING AND PERMANENT EQUIPMENT
LIVE LOAD – OCCUPANTS AND MOVEABLE FURNISHINGS
LATERAL LOAD – INCLUDE WIND AND EARTHQUAKES
DYNAMIC LOAD – SUDDEN OCCURRENCE WITH GREAT IMPACT
Basic Building Components
Components of a foundation
FOUNDATION - The foundation of a building is the substructure that is intertwined with the ground
FLOOR
WALLS
ROOF
CEILING
FENESTRATIONS (WINDOWS)
VERTICAL TRANSIT SYSTEMS (STAIRS, RAMPS, ELEVATORS. LIFTS AND ESCALATORS)
ENVIONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
FOOTING DESCRIBES THE PART OF THE FOUNDATION THAT EXTENDS BELOW THE SOIL TO PROVIDE STABILITY BY DISTRUBUTING THE LOAD
Basic Building Components
FLOORING SYSTEMS:
A – WOOD JOIST
B - WOOD PLANK AND BEAM
C - STEEL JOIST
D - STEEL BEAM AND DOCKING
E - CONCRETE
Basic Building Components
WALL FRAMING SYSTEMS
A – Wood stud wall sheathing
B – Reinforced concrete block walls
May be constructed of wood, steel or masonry
Basic Building Components
LATH ( wood strips) and plaster interior wall has often been replaced in recent years by drywall construction, example - Sheetrock
Basic Building Components – Wall Systems
An interior wall constructed of stone or rubble
Interior partition constructed of concrete
Interior wall of bricks
Basic Building Components - STONE
Line drawings of stone
A – Random rubble
B – Coursed rubble
C – Random ashlar
D – Coursed Ashlar
Basic Ceiling Components - Ceilings
A vaulted ceiling slopes upward from both sides to form a peak. ... On the other hand, cathedral ceilings are defined by their symmetry: they feature two equal sloping sides that meet at a higher point in the middle and often conform to the shape of the roof
Domed
Vaulted
Cathedral
Basic Building Components - DOORS
Basic Building Components - Windows
WINDOWS
Sash/window: The part of a window that moves is called the sash.
Trim/casing: On the outside of a house, the decorative frame around a door or window is called trim, while on the inside, the same thing is called casing. Go figure.
Girder/header/beam: In wood-frame construction, a heavy horizontal member is called a girder if it's below floor level, a header if it's over a door or window, and a beam if it's pretty much anywhere else.
Basic Building Components
Vertical Systems- Staircases
Types of staircases:
A straight run staircase
A return staircase may be either U- or L-shaped
A spiral staircase
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Basic Building Components
Differences in impact achieved through use of a classic spiral staircase and one that is more contemporary in style
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Vertical Systems – Staircases
Main parts of a stair run:
Tread – The depth of the step
Riser – The height of the step
Basic Building Components
The recommended rise for a ramp should not exceed a 1:12 ratio
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Vertical Systems – Ramps
A ramp can be a creative architectural feature
Basic Building Components
The interior panel of an elevator, showing Braille call buttons
Chapter 8
Escalators or moving stairs, like ramps, require
ample space
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Vertical Systems
Basic Building Components
Wheelchair lift
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Vertical Systems
Environmental Control Systems
Chapter 8
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HVAC: heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning
Water Supply and Waste Disposal
Acoustical Systems
Power and Communications Systems
Environmental Control Systems
Solar energy is harnessed and converted into electricity as a way to conserve energy
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The Plenum
Environmental Control Systems
Traditional fireplace uses wood as fuel (Left); Ethanol-fueled, free-standing fireplace is less wasteful of energy (Right)
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Environmental Control Systems
Hydronic radiant heating system for flooring is an energy-efficient system of heated water pumped through a series of tubing and controlled by thermostats
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Environmental Control Systems
Chapter 8
Rough plumbing for shower between studs of new framing at a home construction site
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