Biology Anatomy

A and P I Chapter 8 Joints

1. Definition-articulation or joint-

2. Function of joints-

3. Structural classification of joints-

a. fibrous joints-

3 types-

1) sutures-

e.g.

2) syndesmoses-

e.g.

3) gomphoses

e.g.

b. cartilaginous joints-

2 types-

1) synchondroses-

e.g.

2) symphyses-

e.g.

c. synovial joints-

6 features-

1) articular capsule-

2) joint cavity-

3) articular capsule-

4) synovial fluid-

5) ligaments-

6) nerves and blood vessels-

features in some synovial joints-

articular discs-

bursa-

tendon sheaths-

e.g.

4. Movement of synovial joints-

origin-

insertion-

a. gliding movements-

e.g.

b. angular movements-

1) flexion-

e.g.

2) extension-

e.g.

hyperextension-

3) abduction-

e.g.

4) adduction-

e.g.

5) circumduction-

e.g.

c. rotation-

e.g.

d. special movements-

supination-

pronation-

e.g.

2) dorsiflexion-

plantar flexion-

e.g.

3) inversion-

eversion-

e.g.

4) protraction-

retraction-

e.g.

5) elevation-

depression-

e.g.

6) opposition-

e.g.

5. Types of synovial joints-

6 types

a. plane joint-

e.g.

b. hinge joint-

e.g.

c. pivot joint-

e.g.

d. condylar joint-

e.g.

e. saddle joint-

e.g.

f. ball and socket joint-

e.g.

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