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Homeland Security and Terrorism

Second Edition

Chapter 07

Transnational Organized Crime and Terrorism

Learning Objectives

1. Explain the different kinds or types of crime.

2. Define transnational organized crime.

3. Describe the different models of transnational organized crime.

4. Describe how the various transnational organized crime groups are structured.

5. Discuss the different crimes and activities associated with transnational organized crime

Defining Transnational Organized Crime

Organized Criminal Groups That Operate Multinationally

Assault On People, Society, Or Government

Distinguishing Types or Categories of Crime

Street Crime

Organized Crime

White-Collar Crime

Transnational Organized Crime

Impact of Transnational Organized Crime

TOC Intrusions Into Legitimate Government and Business Activities

TOC Soldiers Organize Into Government Approved Militias

TOC Undermines and Threatens the State Not Only in Terms of Justice and Social Order, But Also in Terms of Economic Viability

TOC and Illicit Criminal Economics Threaten the Security of the State

Conditions Facilitating Transnational Organized Crime

Globalization of the Economy

Increased Numbers and Heterogeneity of Immigrants

Improved Communications Technology

Proliferation of Transportation Technology

Weak Governments

Networking: The Etiology of Transnational Organized Crime Groups

Political Models

Economic Models

Social Models

How Transnational Crime is Organized

Standard Hierarchy

Regional Hierarchy

Clustered Hierarchy

Core Groups

Criminal Network

Transnational Organized Crime Activities (1 of 2)

Drug Trafficking

Human Trafficking

Smuggling of Technology and WMD Materials

Arms Trafficking

Trafficking in Precious Gems

Transnational Organized Crime Activities (2 of 2)

Piracy

Non-Drug Contraband Smuggling

Counterfeiting

Theft

Financial Fraud

Environmental Crimes

Failed States and Transnational Crime and Terrorism

Quasi States

Almost States

Black Spots

Failed States

Links Between Transnational, Organized Crime and Terrorist Organizations

Both Operate Secretly and Usually From an Underground

Both Use Muscle and Ruthlessness and Produce Mainly Civilian Victims

Intimidation is Characteristic of Both Groups

Both Use Similar Tactics: Kidnappings, Assassinations, and Extortion

Both Exert Control Over Individuals Within the Group

Both Use Front Organizations such as Legitimate Businesses or Charities

Dissimilarities between Transnational Crime and Terrorism (1 of 2)

Terrorist groups are usually ideologically or politically motivated, whereas organized crime groups are profit oriented.

Terrorist groups often wish to compete with governments for legitimacy; organized crime groups do not.

Dissimilarities between Transnational Crime and Terrorism (2 of 2)

Terrorist groups relish media attention and oftentimes exert efforts to receive it; organized crime groups attempt to remain in the shadows receiving as little notoriety as possible.

Terrorist victimization and violence are generally less discriminate than those of organized crime groups.

J.A

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