intercultural communication interview

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 1

CHAPTER 6

The Sociorelational

Context

Flan 3440

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

Learning Objectives

• Compare and contrast the nature of group membership and group behavior across cultures.

• Define and discuss the concept of role relationships across cultures.

• Compare and contrast sex and gender roles across cultures.

• Compare and contrast families and family roles across cultures.

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 2

Activity

• List the number of groups to which you now belong.

• Identify which groups on your list you made a choice to belong to and which ones you did not.

• How do the groups you listed affect the way you think, feel, and act?

• What is your role within each of these groups?

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 3

The sociorelational context refers to how group memberships affect communication.

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 4

Dimensions of Group Variability

• Membership groups

– Involuntary membership groups

– Voluntary membership groups

• Nonmembership groups

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 5

In-Groups & Out-Groups

• Ingroup

– a group whose norms, aspirations, and values shape the behavior of its members.

• Out-group

– a group whose attributes are dissimilar from those of the in-group, or that opposes the accomplishment of the in- group’s goals.

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 6

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Reference Groups

• A group to which we may or may not belong but with which we identify in some important way

– comparative function

– normative function

• Voluntary membership in- groups serve as positive reference groups

• Voluntary nonmembership out- groups are seen as negative reference groups.

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 7

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Role Relationships

One’s relative position in a group with an expected set of verbal and nonverbal behaviors.

• Formal roles (well-defined behavioral expectations)

– Explicit

– Violations can lead to removal from role.

• Informal roles (expectations vary greatly)

– Implicit.

– Learn from experience.

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 8

Roles and Communication

• Roles prescribe 1. with whom

2. about what

3. how to communicate with others.

• Social identity

• Dimensions upon which roles vary – Personalness

– Formality

– Hierarchy

– Deviation

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 9 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 10

Role Differentiation and Stratification

• Social Stratification

– Rank ordering of roles within a culture

– Varies across cultures

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 11

Role Differentiation and Stratification

• Role Differentiation

– Complexity of role hierarchy varies by culture

– Some cultures make relatively few distinctions, whereas others make many

• Differences in Cultures

– High/Low Context

– High/Low Power Distance

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 12 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Intercultural conversation

• Please read the Intercultural conversations on pages 197-198 & 201

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 13

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Family Groups

• Socialization and children

• Patriarchy & Matriarchy

• Profiles of family groups in

– Hmong culture

– Korea

– Israel

– Mosuo

– Kenya

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 14

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Family Groups

• Socialization and children

• Patriarchy & Matriarchy

• Profiles of family groups in

– Hmong culture

– Korea

– Israel

– Mosuo

– Kenya

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 15

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Sex and Gender Groups

• Sex is biological

• Gender is socialized & constructed

16Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

Gender Stereotypes

17Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

SOURCE: Adapted from Williams, J. E., & Best, D. L. (1994). Cross-Cultural Views of Women and Men. In W. J. Lonner & R. Malpass (Eds.), Psychology and Culture (pp. 191–196). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

Japan

• Japanese Constitution stipulates all are equal

• Younger Japanese have more egalitarian attitudes toward sex roles

• Older Japanese have more traditional attitudes toward sex roles

• Japanese women continue to sacrifice personal goals for harmony of family, in accordance with collectivism

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 18

India

• Preamble of the Indian Constitution guarantees equality

– Male children seen as a blessing

• Continue family name

• Economic asset

– Female children seen as a burden

• Dowry

• Less education

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 19

China

• Patriarchal (mostly)

• 1950 Marriage Law abolished feudal forms of marriage

• Women have little freedom and few rights

• Women discouraged from living alone

• Women are considered more vulnerable and less capable of dealing with the outside world than are men

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 20

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Mexico

• More Mexican women than men are divorced, possibly because Mexican men tend to emigrate once they divorce

• Today, Mexican women are more educated than ever.

• Nearly 93% of women age 12 years and older do domestic work

• During the past few years, the roles of men as providers and women as in charge of domestic work have changed noticeably

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 21

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Israel

• Women have been guaranteed equal rights since Israel’s establishment as a state in 1948

• Segregation still occurs

• Certain fundamental religious groups reject such rights

• Israel is the only country in the world with a compulsory military service requirement for women

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 22

Saudi Arabia • Overwhelming majority of published

articles on Saudi women portray them as oppressed and passive victims of Islamic law

• Saudi is sex segregated country

• Women have financial and emotional security

• Women have less restrictions in semipublic and private settings

• Women voted for the first time in December 2015 & were allowed to drive in 2019

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 23

Summary

• Focused on Sociorelational Contexts

• Explored Group Memberships – Voluntary

– Involuntary

• Defined Group Roles – Formal

– Informal

• Examined Family and Sex Roles in various countries

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 24

Kingdom of Women

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 25