PH Communications & Advocacy

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Chapter6ppt.pptx

Advocacy Recap

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

https://youtu.be/aTbtKRdYbYo

Advocacy Recap

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

Advocacy Recap

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

https://youtu.be/Ccr8WLFNkjw

Advocacy & Media

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

https://youtu.be/VgqoHxZYY84

Advocacy Policy

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

https://youtu.be/atbZYs215Uw

Chapter 6

Public Policy and Tobacco

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

Identifying the Problem: Tobacco Use and Consequences

Cigarette 1900s E-cigarette Now

Utilized production, advertising, design, and social behavior to influence social norms and create a culture around tobacco use

Death and disease patterns have emerged as a result of the cultural influence – Deeply engrained, but this is slowly changing

Public health prevention strategies used by tobacco control advocates have been integral to the changing social norms spurring the decline of tobacco use

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

Figure 1.1 Adult per capita cigarette consumption and major historical and policy events

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

Identifying the Problem: Tobacco Use and Consequences

Epidemiology

Tobacco use has long been a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide

Currently accounts for an estimated 9% of deaths across the globe

United States, smoking is the leading preventable cause of premature death and disease.

Linked with several types of cancer, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, asthma, and stroke

Nonsmokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke suffer from tobacco-related illnesses as well

Since the United States Surgeon General began reporting on smoking more than 50 years ago, almost 2.5 million nonsmokers have died from smoking- related diseases

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

Identifying the Problem: Tobacco Use and Consequences

Epidemiology

1965, 42% of Americans smoked cigarettes

Tobacco prevention and cessation efforts established and various policies implemented and the population better understands risks

2013 smoking prevalence rates:

18% of adults

<13% of youth

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

Identifying the Problem: Tobacco Use and Consequences

Epidemiology

Rate of decline recently slowed recently: above Healthy People 2020 goals

Emerging growth of non-cigarette tobacco product use introduces health risks

More than one in five adults and high school students report using tobacco (non-cigarette tobacco products either alone or in addition to cigarettes)

The most commonly used non-cigarette tobacco products are smokeless products (e.g., snuff), little or regular cigars, pipes, hookah (water pipes), and electronic cigarettes

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

Identifying the Problem: Tobacco Use and Consequences

Disparities

Differences in tobacco use across:

Gender

Race and ethnicity

Educational status

Poverty status

Sexual orientation

Groups that use tobacco at disproportionately high rates, less likely to quit successfully & experience poorer health outcomes

Military workers (e.g., active service members and civilian employ- ees)

Construction workers

Individuals with a history of mental health problems

Homeless

Incarcerated individuals

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

Identifying the Problem: Tobacco Use and Consequences

Disparities

Differences across geographic location

United States smoking rates were lower than those in many countries like Norway, Egypt, China, and Chile

Higher rates than Mexico, Australia, Kenya, and India

Within the United States

Fewer than one in ten Utah residents smoke

More than one in four people in Kentucky, Arkansas, and West Virginia smoke

What else do you think contributes to health-related tobacco disparities?

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

Why continued disparities?

Excessive exposure to tobacco product promotion

Tobacco industry targeting

Lack of comprehensive policies

Public Policy Strategies in Tobacco Control

A variety of tobacco control policies implemented at the international, federal, state, and local levels

Creating Smoke-Free Environments

Smoke-free laws protect employees and the public developing chronic disease due to secondhand smoke (cancer, heart disease, and respiratory diseases)

Encourage people to quit

Prevent smoking initiation

Change social norms around tobacco use and exposure

Smoke-free policies can be designed to impact public areas, private areas, or both.

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

Public Policy Strategies in Tobacco Control

Creating Smoke-Free Environments

Policy has expanded to include:

Public access: Restaurant patios, parks, playgrounds, and beaches

Private settings such as multiunit housing and cars

Smoke-free laws can be adopted voluntarily or via policy

Policy preferred because it mandates rules and closes the gaps in secondhand smoke protection

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

Public Policy Strategies in Tobacco Control

Raising the Price of Tobacco Products through Tax Increases

Increasing price = less affordable = reducing use

= Change social norms

Prevent youth initiation

Decrease tobacco-related healthcare costs

Reduce tobacco related health disparities

Additional benefit = make revenue for governments

Children’s Health Insurance Program in 2009

Largest increase in federal taxes

Resulted in federal tax of $1.01 per cigarette pack

In 2014, the total per pack tax ranged from $4.35 in New York to only $0.17 in Missouri

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

Public Policy Strategies in Tobacco Control

Restrictions on Marketing, Packaging, and Youth Access

Tobacco advertising has been banned on television, radio, billboards, and public transportation

Industry focuses on point-of-sale

Exposure at this level = higher odds of initiation and regular daily smoking among youth, unplanned & relapse

Tobacco Control Act gave legal authority to states & communities to pursue intervention at the retail level

Read p.o.s. strategies p. 124 # 1-4

New York City, New York, Providence, Rhode Island, and Santa Clara County, California

ban on sales of cigars, hookah, cigarillos, pipe and chewing tobacco, and e-cigarettes flavored with tastes that might appeal to youth (e.g., apple, grape, or mint) in establishments where youth could be present

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

Tobacco Control Support & Opposition

Policy Rationale

Financial burden on government and public

Protection of high-risk populations

Ensure clear and accurate information regarding tobacco products

Consequences of secondhand smoke and other chemicals for nonusers

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

Testimonies used in new e-cigarette regulations

Tobacco Control Support & Opposition

Political Support

Local and state tobacco control programs do not have the flexibility or authority to influence tobacco control policies

Coalitions are most important for comprehensive tobacco control policy

Due to success in organizing and encouraging policy action through legislation and voter initiatives

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

Tobacco Control Support & Opposition

Political Support

National-level voluntary organizations are also integral to advancement of policy

American Heart Association

American Cancer Society

American Lung Association

Advocacy organizations

Americans for Nonsmokers’ Rights

Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids

Counter Tobacco)

Legal partners

Tobacco Control Legal Consortium

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

Tobacco Control Support & Opposition

Political Opposition

Tobacco industry

Utilizes financial resources

Lobbyists

Recruits policymakers via campaign funding in exchange for votes against TCC policies

At the local level

Recruit third parties or front groups

Convenience store associations

hospitality industry groups

groups that oppose government regulation

“astroturf ” groups—grassroots organizations that are funded, organized, and sometimes run by the tobacco industry

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

CASE STUDY

Pp 131 in your text

First U.S. tobacco-free pharmacy policy

Reduces tobacco-related disparities at the local level

Sets the stage for state and national tobacco-free pharmacy efforts

Break into groups of 5

Review the case study

Summarize your section on the flip chart (3-4 important take homes)

Come back together as a class to share and discuss

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

Tobacco-Free Pharmacies

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

https://youtu.be/R8-Fso5gieo

Health Communications & Tobacco

CDC Smoking and Tobacco Use Video Methods to Spread Awareness

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

Reference

Eyler, A.A., Chriqui, J.F., Moreland-Russell, S.M., & Brownson,

R.C. (Eds.). (2016) Prevention, policy, and public health (1st ed.) New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016