PH Communications & Advocacy
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Chapter6ppt.pptxAdvocacy Recap
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
Advocacy Recap
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
Advocacy Recap
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
https://youtu.be/Ccr8WLFNkjw
Advocacy & Media
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
Advocacy Policy
Chapter 6
Public Policy and Tobacco
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
Identifying the Problem: Tobacco Use and Consequences
Cigarette 1900s E-cigarette Now
Utilized production, advertising, design, and social behavior to influence social norms and create a culture around tobacco use
Death and disease patterns have emerged as a result of the cultural influence – Deeply engrained, but this is slowly changing
Public health prevention strategies used by tobacco control advocates have been integral to the changing social norms spurring the decline of tobacco use
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
Figure 1.1 Adult per capita cigarette consumption and major historical and policy events
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
Identifying the Problem: Tobacco Use and Consequences
Epidemiology
Tobacco use has long been a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide
Currently accounts for an estimated 9% of deaths across the globe
United States, smoking is the leading preventable cause of premature death and disease.
Linked with several types of cancer, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, asthma, and stroke
Nonsmokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke suffer from tobacco-related illnesses as well
Since the United States Surgeon General began reporting on smoking more than 50 years ago, almost 2.5 million nonsmokers have died from smoking- related diseases
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
Identifying the Problem: Tobacco Use and Consequences
Epidemiology
1965, 42% of Americans smoked cigarettes
Tobacco prevention and cessation efforts established and various policies implemented and the population better understands risks
2013 smoking prevalence rates:
18% of adults
<13% of youth
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
Identifying the Problem: Tobacco Use and Consequences
Epidemiology
Rate of decline recently slowed recently: above Healthy People 2020 goals
Emerging growth of non-cigarette tobacco product use introduces health risks
More than one in five adults and high school students report using tobacco (non-cigarette tobacco products either alone or in addition to cigarettes)
The most commonly used non-cigarette tobacco products are smokeless products (e.g., snuff), little or regular cigars, pipes, hookah (water pipes), and electronic cigarettes
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
Identifying the Problem: Tobacco Use and Consequences
Disparities
Differences in tobacco use across:
Gender
Race and ethnicity
Educational status
Poverty status
Sexual orientation
Groups that use tobacco at disproportionately high rates, less likely to quit successfully & experience poorer health outcomes
Military workers (e.g., active service members and civilian employ- ees)
Construction workers
Individuals with a history of mental health problems
Homeless
Incarcerated individuals
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
Identifying the Problem: Tobacco Use and Consequences
Disparities
Differences across geographic location
United States smoking rates were lower than those in many countries like Norway, Egypt, China, and Chile
Higher rates than Mexico, Australia, Kenya, and India
Within the United States
Fewer than one in ten Utah residents smoke
More than one in four people in Kentucky, Arkansas, and West Virginia smoke
What else do you think contributes to health-related tobacco disparities?
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
Why continued disparities?
Excessive exposure to tobacco product promotion
Tobacco industry targeting
Lack of comprehensive policies
Public Policy Strategies in Tobacco Control
A variety of tobacco control policies implemented at the international, federal, state, and local levels
Creating Smoke-Free Environments
Smoke-free laws protect employees and the public developing chronic disease due to secondhand smoke (cancer, heart disease, and respiratory diseases)
Encourage people to quit
Prevent smoking initiation
Change social norms around tobacco use and exposure
Smoke-free policies can be designed to impact public areas, private areas, or both.
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
Public Policy Strategies in Tobacco Control
Creating Smoke-Free Environments
Policy has expanded to include:
Public access: Restaurant patios, parks, playgrounds, and beaches
Private settings such as multiunit housing and cars
Smoke-free laws can be adopted voluntarily or via policy
Policy preferred because it mandates rules and closes the gaps in secondhand smoke protection
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
Public Policy Strategies in Tobacco Control
Raising the Price of Tobacco Products through Tax Increases
Increasing price = less affordable = reducing use
= Change social norms
Prevent youth initiation
Decrease tobacco-related healthcare costs
Reduce tobacco related health disparities
Additional benefit = make revenue for governments
Children’s Health Insurance Program in 2009
Largest increase in federal taxes
Resulted in federal tax of $1.01 per cigarette pack
In 2014, the total per pack tax ranged from $4.35 in New York to only $0.17 in Missouri
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
Public Policy Strategies in Tobacco Control
Restrictions on Marketing, Packaging, and Youth Access
Tobacco advertising has been banned on television, radio, billboards, and public transportation
Industry focuses on point-of-sale
Exposure at this level = higher odds of initiation and regular daily smoking among youth, unplanned & relapse
Tobacco Control Act gave legal authority to states & communities to pursue intervention at the retail level
Read p.o.s. strategies p. 124 # 1-4
New York City, New York, Providence, Rhode Island, and Santa Clara County, California
ban on sales of cigars, hookah, cigarillos, pipe and chewing tobacco, and e-cigarettes flavored with tastes that might appeal to youth (e.g., apple, grape, or mint) in establishments where youth could be present
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
Tobacco Control Support & Opposition
Policy Rationale
Financial burden on government and public
Protection of high-risk populations
Ensure clear and accurate information regarding tobacco products
Consequences of secondhand smoke and other chemicals for nonusers
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
Testimonies used in new e-cigarette regulations
Tobacco Control Support & Opposition
Political Support
Local and state tobacco control programs do not have the flexibility or authority to influence tobacco control policies
Coalitions are most important for comprehensive tobacco control policy
Due to success in organizing and encouraging policy action through legislation and voter initiatives
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
Tobacco Control Support & Opposition
Political Support
National-level voluntary organizations are also integral to advancement of policy
American Heart Association
American Cancer Society
American Lung Association
Advocacy organizations
Americans for Nonsmokers’ Rights
Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids
Counter Tobacco)
Legal partners
Tobacco Control Legal Consortium
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
Tobacco Control Support & Opposition
Political Opposition
Tobacco industry
Utilizes financial resources
Lobbyists
Recruits policymakers via campaign funding in exchange for votes against TCC policies
At the local level
Recruit third parties or front groups
Convenience store associations
hospitality industry groups
groups that oppose government regulation
“astroturf ” groups—grassroots organizations that are funded, organized, and sometimes run by the tobacco industry
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
CASE STUDY
Pp 131 in your text
First U.S. tobacco-free pharmacy policy
Reduces tobacco-related disparities at the local level
Sets the stage for state and national tobacco-free pharmacy efforts
Break into groups of 5
Review the case study
Summarize your section on the flip chart (3-4 important take homes)
Come back together as a class to share and discuss
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
Tobacco-Free Pharmacies
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
Health Communications & Tobacco
CDC Smoking and Tobacco Use Video Methods to Spread Awareness
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
Reference
Eyler, A.A., Chriqui, J.F., Moreland-Russell, S.M., & Brownson,
R.C. (Eds.). (2016) Prevention, policy, and public health (1st ed.) New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
