mgmt discussion
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Chapter5.pptxChapter 5
Latinos/Hispanics
©2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
©2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
©2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
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Chapter Objectives
Specifically considered in this chapter are:
The historical background and current status of Hispanics in the United States
The effects of higher population growth rates among Hispanics on diversity issues
Diversity in race, education, participation rates, employment, and income levels among Hispanics in the United States
Employment experiences of Hispanics, focusing on those of Latinas, immigrants, and managers and professionals
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©2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
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Chapter Objectives (cont’d)
Relationships between Latinos and Blacks
Experiences of Hispanics with police misconduct and racial profiling
Aspects of the growing Latino consumer market
Individual and organizational measures that can be used to improve organizational experiences of Hispanics
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©2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
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Introduction and Overview
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©2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Who are Hispanics?
People who identify themselves as having Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, or other Spanish origin or culture, regardless of race
Include people from various races
Hispanics face discrimination based on skin color and ethnicity
Terminology used interchangeably
White/non-Hispanic White
Black/non-Hispanic Black
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©2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
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History of Hispanics in the United States
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©2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
©2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
History of Mexican Americans
Earliest known ancestors of Mexican Americans lived in what is now United States long before Europeans; Spaniards arrived in 1519.
1519 - Colonization of New Spain
Residents in Texas chose to stay as citizens in U.S.
Mexican–American War
“Repatriation” to Mexico authorized by President Herbert Hoover
1929–1939
Large-scale migration to U.S.
World War II
Made segregation of Mexican children in schools illegal
Mendez v. Westminster School District
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©2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
History of Mexican Americans
Some residents of Mexican heritage in Texas chose to stay as citizens in U.S.
Mexican–American War
Repatriation to Mexico authorized by President Herbert Hoover included some who had never been to Mexico.
1929–1939
Large-scale migration to U.S.
World War II
Illegalized segregation of Mexican children
Mendez v. Westminster School District
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©2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
History of Puerto Ricans and Cubans
Puerto Ricans
Comprise 9% of the total U.S. Hispanic population
Citizenship was extended via the Jones Act, 1917
Possess dual citizenship, many are bilingual, and are diverse in race
Suffered a history of slavery, racial segregation, and classism
Cubans
Began arriving in 1959, marked by the commencement of Fidel Castro’s regime
Early émigrés were wealthy or middle class, and later arrivals were largely professionals
Most refugees were White Cubans; some Black Cubans feared discrimination and unrest occurring in the U.S.
Federal government helped Cubans significantly
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Relevant Legislation
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©2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Legislation to Discourage Discrimination
Executive orders for affirmative action and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act
Public Law 94-311 - Requires federal government agencies to categorize and collect data on Hispanic origin
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Population
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©2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Hispanic Population
Comprises 17% of the total U.S. population
More than three-quarter are native-born or naturalized citizens
The median age is 27.4 years
Latinas have slightly higher average birthrates compared to other women
26.2 percent claim to be of some other race
Meaning of race, for Hispanics, is contextual, variable, and complex
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Education, Employment, and Earnings
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©2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
©2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Education
In 2013, only 66.1% Hispanics had completed high school compared to 88.6% Whites and 85.1% Blacks
Significantly impacts recruitment, selection, training, and compensation
Levels differ across nativity, country of origin, and immigration status
School performance is positively affected by the presence of Latino administrators
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Employment and Earnings
Men have the highest participation rate compared with other men, while Latinas participate less than all other women
Unemployment rate is lower than that of Blacks, but higher than that of Whites and Asians
Earnings increase with education
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Organizational Experiences of Hispanics
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©2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Forms of Discrimination
Access and treatment discrimination
Name-based discrimination
Inter-ethnic employment discrimination
Practiced by racial and ethnic minority groups against other minorities
Customer discrimination
Racial profiling
Police misconduct
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Hispanic Immigrants at Work
35% of Hispanics are foreign-born
Disproportionate representation in dangerous industries
Experience physical harm and harassment based on skin color
Undocumented immigrants often receive low wages and work longer hours with no overtime
OSHA and EEOC assist in combating exploitation
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Latinos and Blacks at Work
Preference for immigrants over native-born workers may disadvantage Blacks
Experiences of Black Hispanics differ from that of non-Black Hispanics
Latinas at work
Nearly 60% work outside their homes
Earn lower wages
Targeted by racialized sexual harassment
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©2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Racial Profiling and Police Misconduct
Involves dishonest officers and informants, planting real and fake guns and drugs, and assaulting innocent people
Facilitated by poor management procedures and lack of supervision
Facilitated by the vulnerability of immigrants
Sentencing disparities are based on Hispanic country of origin and immigrant status
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©2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
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Latinos as Customers
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©2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Latinos as Customers
Hispanic buying power increased from $504 billion in 2000 to $1.3 trillion in 2014
Hispanic customers:
Are strongly enthusiastic about shopping
Prefer paying cash
Are highly influenced by advertising and marketing
Consumer racial profiling causes business losses and negative publicity
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©2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
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Recommendations for Individuals
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©2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Individual Recommendations
Obtain as much education as possible
Carefully investigate prospective employers for evidence of support for or bias against Latinos
Consider working for organizations with unions
Make efforts to ensure fluency in English
Bilingual personnel must actively pursue positions in which bilingualism is valued and compensated
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©2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
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Recommendations for Organizations
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©2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
©2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Organizational Recommendations
Ensure zero tolerance for discrimination and harassment
Take proactive measures to increase representation of Latinos in the workforce
Consider providing ESL classes for non-English-speaking personnel
Provide fair wages, appropriate payments for overtime, social security contributions, and safe working conditions
Avoid making job-related assumptions based on ethnicity
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©2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Key Terms
Employment hardship
Inter-ethnic discrimination
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Questions to Consider
Prior to reading this chapter, were you aware of the repatriation of Mexicans during the 1930s, lynching, and Latinos’ fight for civil rights?
Given the Hispanic buying power discussed in this chapter, what might retailers do to capitalize on the Hispanic consumer market?
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Questions to Consider (cont’d)
What would your recommendations be for dealing with the behavior of the Conoco clerk in the incident at Fort Worth, Texas and for ensuring such behavior did not occur again?
What measures would you recommend to prevent such discrimination against Hispanic customers in the future?
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Questions to Consider (cont’d 1)
What specific steps can organizations take to ensure that bilingual workers’ skills are compensated when these skills are job relevant, to encourage bilingualism among employees, and to reduce resistance against Spanish speakers?
What can organizations that pay low wages for low-skill work do to ensure that workers are treated fairly?
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Questions to Consider (cont’d 2)
What is the role of the perception that immigrant workers are “better off than if they were in ” in justifying paying them low wages?
How pervasive do you think this perception is?
What can be done to educate people about discrimination against immigrant workers?
What should law enforcement agencies do to curb discrimination against minorities? What can the public do?
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