Managerial Ethics and Social Responsibility-3

The World’s Most Ethical Index versus S&P 500 and FTSE 100, 2006–2017 Text Alternative

The x-axis contains seven markings. From the left to the right, they read 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, and 2016.

The y-axis contains ten percentage markings. From the bottom to the top, they read minus 20 percent, minus 10 percent, 0 percent, 10 percent, 20 percent, 30 percent, 40 percent, 50 percent, 60 percent, and 70 percent.

All three indices begin at 0 percent in the year 2006.

In the world’s most ethical index, the line rises steeply to approximately 21 percent in the year 2006, peaking at 57 percent in 2008, and drops to 43 percent in 2010. There is a steep downfall to 16 percent in 2012. The line then rises to 22 percent in 2014 only to decline again to 16 percent in 2016.

In the FTSE 100 index, the line rises to 18 percent in the year 2006 and it rises gradually to approximately 19 percent in 2008. In 2010, the line drops significantly to 4 percent. A slight uptick to 6 percent occurs in 2012. In 2014 the index drops to minus 3 percent. By 2016, the index rose to 14 percent.

In the S and P 500 index, the line rises to 8 percent in the year 2006 and continues to increase to 17 percent in 2008. In 2010, the line dips to minus 12 percent. In 2012, there is a steep jump to 13 percent. In 2014, there is a slow decrease to 11 percent. By 2016 the index fell to 9 percent.

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Why Ethical Problems Occur in Business2Text Alternative

It contains four columns and five rows. Column 1 is titled reason, column 2 is titled nature of ethical problem, column 3 is titled typical approach, and column 4 is titled attitude.

In row 2, column 1 reads personal gain and selfish interest, column 2 reads selfish interest versus others’ interests, column 3 reads egotistical mentality, and column 4 reads I want it.

In row 3, column 1 reads competitive pressures on profits, column 2 reads firm’s interest versus others’ interests, column 3 reads bottom-line mentality, and column 4 reads we have to beat the others at all costs.

In row 4, column 1 reads conflicts of interest, column 2 reads multiple obligations or loyalties, column 3 reads favoritism mentality, and column 4 reads help yourself and those closest to you.

In row 5, column 1 reads cross-cultural contradictions, column 2 reads company’s interests versus diverse cultural traditions and values, column 3 reads ethnocentric mentality, and column 4 reads foreigners have a funny notion of what’s right and wrong.

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Stages of Moral Development and Ethics Reasoning Text Alternative

It contains three columns and seven rows.

Column 1 is titled age group, column 2 is titled development stage and major ethics referent, and column 3 reads basis of ethics reasoning.

In row 2, column 1 reads mature adulthood. Column 2 reads stage 6 universal principles: justice, fairness, and universal human rights. Column 3 reads principle-centered reasoning.

In row 3, column 1 reads mature adulthood. Column 2 reads stage 5 moral beliefs above and beyond specific social custom: human rights, social contract, and broad constitutional principles. Column 3 reads principle-centered reasoning.

In row 4, column 1 reads adulthood. Column 2 reads stage 4 society at large: customs, traditions, and laws. Column 3 reads society- and law-centered reasoning.

In row 5, column 1 reads early adulthood, adolescence. Column 2 reads stage 3 social groups: friends, school, coworkers, and family. Column 3 reads group-centered reasoning.

In row 6, column 1 reads adolescence, youth. Column 2 reads stage 2 reward seeking: self-interest, own needs, reciprocity. Column 3 reads ego-centered reasoning.

In row 7, column 1 reads childhood. Column 2 reads stage 1 punishment avoidance: avoid harm, obedience to power. Column 3 reads ego-centered reasoning.

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Four Methods of Ethical Reasoning Text Alternative

It has four columns and five rows. Column 1 is titled method, column 2 is titled critical determining factor, column 3 is titled an action is ethical when…, and column 4 is titled limitations.

In row 2, column 1 reads virtues, column 2 reads values and character, column 3 reads it aligns with good character, and column 4 reads subjective or incomplete set of good virtues.

In row 3, column 1 reads utilitarian, column 2 reads comparing benefits and costs, column 3 reads net benefits exceed net costs, and column 4 reads difficult to measure some human and social costs; majority may disregard rights of the minority.

In row 4, column 1 reads rights, column 2 reads respecting entitlements, column 3 reads basic human rights are respected, and column 4 reads difficult to balance conflicting rights.

In row 5, column 1 reads justice, column 2 reads distributing fair shares, column 3 reads benefits and costs are fairly distributed, and column 4 reads difficult to measure benefits and costs; lack of agreement on fair shares.

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List of Moral Values Across Time Text Alternative

Column 1 is titled Plato and Aristotle, 4th century BC. There are ten points listed under this heading. They read as follows:

Courage.

Self-control.

Generosity.

Magnificence.

High-mindedness.

Gentleness.

Friendliness.

Truthfulness.

Wittiness.

Modesty.

Column 2 is titled Saint Thomas Aquinas, 1225 to 1274. There are eight points listed under this heading. They read as follows:

Faith.

Hope.

Charity.

Prudence.

Justice.

Temperance.

Fortitude.

Humility.

Column 3 is titled Benjamin Franklin, 1706 to 1790. There are five points listed under this heading. They read as follows:

Cleanliness.

Silence.

Industry.

Punctuality.

Frugality.

Column 4 is titled Robert Solomon 1942 to 2007. There are three points listed under this heading. They read as follows:

Honesty.

Trust.

Toughness.

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