intercultural communication interview

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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 1

Learning Objectives

• Compare and contrast high- and low-load environments.

• Discuss the relationship between culture and the natural environment.

• Discuss the relationship between culture and the built environment.

• Compare and contrast the housing patterns of different cultures.

• Compare and contrast cultural preferences for privacy.

• Compare and contrast monochromic and polychromic time orientations.

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 2

How we see the environment around us is influenced by our individual psychological perceptions, which, in turn, are shaped by culture.

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 3

Activity:  Draw your apartment/house; then

your room including the furniture

 Draw a sketch your dream house, the exterior and interior including the front and backyards. Identify the colors you will paint the rooms, the furniture you will have; the flooring material, roofing material, walls…

Environmental Contexts

• Natural/Physical Environment

– Geographical Place

– Terrestrial Location

• Built Environment

– Architecture

– Landscaping

– Housing

• Perceptual Environment

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 4

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

Environments & Information Load

• Information rate: amount of information contained or perceived in the environment per some unit of time.

• High load

– Uncertain, complex, dense, random, improbable

• Low load

– Certain, simple, sparse, patterned, probable

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 5

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 6

SOURCE: Adapted from Mehrabian, A. (1976). Public Places and Private Spaces: The Psychology of Work, Play, and Living Environments. New York: Basic Books.

Environments & Information Load

• Affect feelings in three ways:

– Arousal-Non-arousal

– Pleasure-Displeasure

– Dominance-Submissiveness

7 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

Culture & the Natural/Terrestrial Environment

• Some aspects exist in every culture

• Influences life in that culture

8 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

Worldviews of the Natural Environment

• Omnipotent Nature

• Harmony with Nature

• Controlling Nature

9 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

Natural Disasters as Cultural and Social Events

• Cultures manage disaster based on their view of nature

• Disasters provide opportunity for Intercultural Communication

10 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC

Influence of Social Phenomena on Natural Disasters

• Impact of disasters influenced by power distance

– Women disproportionately affected

– Violence against women increases after natural disasters

• Impact of disasters influenced by social factors

– Age, Ethnicity, Social Class Standing, Disability

11 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

The Built Environment

• Adaptations to the terrestrial environment…

• Include architecture, housing, lighting, landscaping, etc.

• Artificially change natural patterns of behavior, heat, light, sound, odor and human communication.

• Reflect the values, motivations, and resources of the culture.

12 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

The Built Environment: Layout Patterns

• Fixed-feature space

• Semi-fixed feature space

• Informal space

• Adaptable or Flexible space

13 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Hall’s Classification of Social Distances

• Intimate Distance

• Personal Distance

• Social-Consultative distance

• Public distance

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 14

AP Photo/CHINATOPIX

Japanese Housing: New Approaches

• Kyosho Jutaku

– Microhomes or Ultrasmall Homes

• Vertical space vs Horizontal space

• Measure space in 3-D not floor space

• Capsule Hotels

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 15

Koichi Kamoshida/Staff/Getty

Japanese Housing: Traditional

• Shoji/Fusuma (opaque sliding screen)

• Yuka (floor) • Tatami mats • Reception/Sitting

Room • Garden & Tokonoma • Private rooms: kitchen

and bathroom.

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 16

American Navajo Housing

• Hogan

– Space used differently based on sex

• Ramada

– Space and division of labor not divided based on sex

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 17

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 18

Muslim Homes

• Privacy

– Between neighbors

– Between males and females

– Between family members

– Individual privacy

– Visual Privacy

– Acoustic Privacy

– Olfactic Privacy

• Modesty

– Physical

– Inner

• Hospitality

– Reception of guests

– Entertainment of guests

– Public Hospitality

– Semipublic Hospitality

– Private Hospitality

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 19

Types of Privacy

• Solitude

• Isolation

• Intimacy w/family

• Intimacy w/friends

• Anonymity

• Reserve

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 20

James W. Neuliep

Perceptions of Privacy in the U.S.

• Perceptions differ throughout the country

• Types of Mediated Voyeurism

– Video Verite Voyeurism

– Reconstruction Voyeurism

– Tell-All/Show-All Voyeurism

– Sexual Voyeurism

• Privacy Acts

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 21

Cross-Cultural Variations on Privacy

• United States

• China

• Turkey

• Java

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 22

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 24

Time Orientation

• Monochronic (M-time) orientation

• Polychronic (P-time) orientation

• Time orientation influences:

– Scheduling

– Housing space

– Business practices

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 25

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

Monochronic (M-Time) Orientation

• Time is money – Linear,

compartmentalized, measurable, discrete

• Scheduling is paramount – Dictates daily

activities, limits number of activities

– Dictates relationships

• Time is Power

26 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Polychronic (P-Time) Orientation

• Schedules less important and frequently broken

• People do many things at once.

• Relationships take priority over schedules.

• Tolerant of interruptions.

• In the present guides behavior.

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 27

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 28